Unit 15 Infection Control Test

Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization

Antisepsis: Aseptic control that INHIBITS, RETARDS GROWTH OF OR KILLS pathogenic organisms; NOT EFFECTIVE against spores or viruses Disinfection: Aseptic control method that DESTROYS pathogens but DOES NOT USUALLY KILL SPORES AND VIRUSES Sterilization: Process that results in TOTAL DESTRUCTION of all microorganisms; also, surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child

Diplococci

Appear in pairs

Micrococci

Appear singly

Staphylococci

Appears irregular clusters

Handwashing is described as the single most important practice for

Aseptic technique

Nonpathogen

Beneficial in body processes

Opportunistic infection

An infection that occurs when the body's immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment

A person has a sore throat caused by a streptococcus. What type of prescription will the PA write?

Antibiotic

Syphilis is caused by a spirochete so it is treated with an

Antibiotic

An example of a disinfectant is

Bleach and or lysol

HBV

Caused by the HBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum and other body secretions. It affects the liver and can lead to the destruction and scarring of liver cells. A vaccine has been developed to protect individuals from the disease. But its expensive and involves a series of three injections. Employers must provide the vaccination at no cost to any healthcare worker with occupational exposure to blood or other body secretions that may carry HBV

HCV

Caused by the hepatitis C virus or HCV and is transmitted by blood and blood containing body fluids. Many individuals who contract the disease show no symptoms other than mild symptoms that are often diagnosed as influenza or flue. it can cause serious liver damage

Difference between contaminated and clean

Clean: Free from organisms causing disease Contaminated: Organisms and pathogens are present any object or area that may contain pathogens is considered contaminated

Asepsis

Defined as the absence of disease producing microorganisms or pathogens

Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen to survive

Antibiotics

Drugs which inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms

You are washing your hands and splash an ounce of water on the floor. What should you do?

Dry the spill with a paper towel and re-wash your hands

Streptococci

Form chains

Sterile

Free from all organisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic including spores and viruses

Pathogen

Germ or disease producing microorganism

An example of a bloodborne pathogen is

HEP C

Best aseptic technique

Hand washing

List 4 common aseptic techniques

Handwashing, good personal hygiene, using gloves, and proper cleaning of instruments

OSHA requires hospitals to give their employees with exposure to body fluids what vaccine?

Hepatitis B

Spirilla

Organism is spiral

Contaminated

Organisms and pathogens are present any object or area that may contain pathogens is considered contaminated

What does OSHA require employers to provide to employees who come in contact with patients?

PPE

Rickettsiae

Parasitic microorganisms which means they cannot live outside the cells of another living organism. They are commonly found in fleas, lice ticks and mites are transmitted to humans by the bites of these insects

E. coli can be a

Pathogenic and nonpathogenic organism

Autoclave

Piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies. Most efficient method of sterilizing most articles and it will destroy all microorganisms both pathogenic and non including spores and viruses

Fungi

Plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter (ringworm athletes foot)

In the chain of infection, a pathogen leaving the body through sexual secretions is an example

Portal of exit

Antisepsis

Prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms bu;t are not effective against spores and viruses (alcohol and betadine)

Sterilization

Process that destroys all microorganisms both pathogenic and nonpathogenic including spores and viruses (autoclave)

Disinfection

Process that destroys or kills pathogenic organisms. It is not always effective against spores and viruses (bleach solutions)

Flagella

Purpose is to allow bacteria to move

MRSA stands for

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureas

PPE

refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.

List and describe the 6 ways the body defends itself against pathogens

1. Antibodies 2. Fever (rise in body temp) 3. Tears (contains chemicals to kill bacteria) 4. Cough/Sneeze to propel pathogens outward 5. Cilia (in respiratory tract, catch and move pathogens out of body) 6. Hydrochloric acid in stomach

Identify the five classes of microorganisms by describing characteristics of each class

1. Bacteria: -One celled plants -Either pathogenic or nonpathogenic -Grow in colonies -Most produce toxins -Most are aerobic -Categorized by shape 2. Viruses: -Smallest of the microbes -Need electron microscope to see them -Depend on other living cells to survive -Can only live inside of other organisms -Some appear to be harmless -Transmitted through blood and body secretions -Difficult to treat because they aren't killed antibiotics 3. Fungi: -Large group of simple plants -Thrive in warm moist dark conditions -Cannot produce their own nutrients -Rely on living and dead organic materials to survive -Can become pathogenic under the right conditions 4. Protozoa: -The only microorganism classified as an animal -Theres plenty in the environment (45,000 different identified types of protozoa) -animal parasites reside in and out of the body -seek locations that provide nutrients, warmth and moisture -Present in intestines, skin, and mucous membranes of the nose and throat -Found in decayed materials, bird and animal feces, water contaminated with sewage waste, food washed in contaminated water or handled by unwashed hands and insect bites 5. Rickettsia: -Smaller than bacteria with rod or spherical shapes -They must live inside another living organism -Transmitted through bites of fleas, lice, ticks and mites

List the 6 components of the chain of infection and 2 ways to break each link

1. Infectious agent -Early recognition of signs of infection -Rapid, accurate identification of organisms 2. Source of reservoir -Employee health -Medical asepsis 3. Portal of exit -Handwashing -Trash and waste disposal 4. Mode of transmission -Sterilization -Food handling 5. Portal of entry -Wound care -Standard precautions 6. Susceptible host -Recognition of high risk patients -Immunization to prevent disease

Needlestick

600,000-800,000 needlesticks occur each year exposing health care workers to bloodborne pathogens

Antifungal

A medication available for many of the pathogenic fungi, but they are expensive, must be taken internally for a long period and may cause liver damage

Microbe

A microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.

Mold

A type of fungi that can be pathogenic they cause diseases such as ringworm, athletes foot and thrush

Yeast

A type of fungi that can be pathogenic they cause diseases such as ringworm, athletes foot and thrush

HIV

AIDS is caused by this

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic organisms

Aerobic: Requires Oxygen to live Anaerobic: Does not require Oxygen to live

An example of an antiseptic is

Alcohol and betadine

Nosocomial Infection

Infection originating in a healthcare facility such as a hospital

Aseptic technique

Major way to break the chain of infection. Defined as the absence of disease producing microorganisms or pathogens. Directed towards maintaining cleanliness and eliminating or preventing contamination.

Bloodborne pathogens

Mandates to protect health care providers from diseases caused by exposure to body fluids. infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans

Describe the situations where healthcare providers must use standard precautions

Most of the time

Difference between nosocomial and opportunistic infections

Nosocomial- Infection originating in a healthcare facility such as a hospital Opportunistic- An infection that occurs when the body's immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment

Protozoa

One celled animal organisms found in decayed materials and contaminated water

Bacteria

One celled plantlike organisms that multiply rapidly

A dental hygienist tears a glove while working on a HIV + patient. What should she do first?

Remove the gloves and wash hands

Aerobic

Requires oxygen to survive

In the chain of infection, an instrument contaminated with blood acts as a

Reservoir

Bacilli

Rod shaped bacteria, further defined by their appearance, and appear singly

Cocci

Round or ovoid shaped bacteria, further defined by their appearance

Standard precautions

Rules developed by the CDC to prevent the spread of infection. (handwashing, gloves, gowns, masks and eye protection)

What does OSHA do

Set the guidelines

OSHA

Sets guidelines, sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards

Microorganism

Small living plant or animal organism not visible to the naked eye

Virus

Smallest microorganism visible only using an electron microscope. they cannot reproduce unless they are inside another living cell. they are spread from human to human by blood and other body secretions it is important to note that viruses are more difficult to kill because they are resistant to many disinfectants and are not affected by antibiotics. Viruses cause many diseases including the common cold measles mumps chicken pox herpes warts influenza and polio.

The _______ form of bacilli is very difficult to kill

Spore

Transmission based precautions

additional infection control precautions in health care, and the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain epidemiologically important pathogens.

An example of an opportunistic infection is

Thrush and candidiasis

Sharps

To avoid accidental cuts or punctures extreme care must be taken while handling sharp objects; anything sharpes

List the requirements most microorganisms need to survive

Warm, dark moist environment, most also need oxygen and food

When should health care workers wear gowns and gloves?

When there is a chance of contact with blood or body fluids

A patient is on airborne precautions. If the patient must be transported to PT, the patient

You should wear a mask

What should you place in a red bag with the words "Biohazardous Waste" on the front of the bag

a soiled dressing from a wound