Unit 18 World History - 2nd Industrial Revolution - ID's

Victor Hugo

(1802-1885) French writer, an exponent in the French Romantic movement. Best known novels include Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Miserables

Joseph Lister

A British surgeon that encouraged the use of antiseptics to sterilize surgical instruments based on his observations with his patients.

Louis Pasteur

A French chemist that created a vaccine for rabies and anthrax. He discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Henry Ford

American auto maker whose cars reached a speed of 25 miles per hour. Changed the way American businesses produced their goods with his use of the assembly line for larger goods

Orville and Wilbur Wright

American brothers who designed and flew the first sustained flight using bicycle technology and the internal combustion engine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Robert Fulton

American engineer and inventor, he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which lead to the development of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. Operated an Invention Factory in Menlo Park, New Jersey

Samuel F. B. Morse

American inventor who developed the first telegraph sending coded messages over wires - first service in 1844 between Washington and Baltimore - "Morse Code"

Alexander Graham Bell

American inventor who developed the telephone

Henry Bessemer

An English engineer who created the Bessemer process, a process of producing steel, in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron. Made steel lighter, stronger, and cheaper than iron

William Cockerill

British mechanic who opened factories in Belgium in 1807 - making Belgium the second country to industrialize

Florence Nightingale

British nurse who introduced new sanitary measures in hospitals which helped to lower the death rate from 60% to 2%. Also founded the first nursing school.

John D. Rockefeller

By gaining control of oil wells, oil refineries, and oil pipelines, he dominated the American petroleum industry, creating a monopoly

Mathew Brady

Civil War photographer who documented battles of the Civil War, using the wet plate technique, he traveled in wagons with his darkroom set up for processing.

Vincent van Gogh

Dutch postimpressionist painter noted for his use of color. Experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors. Best known piece might be Starry Starry Night.

John Dalton

English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures

Michael Faraday

English chemist who created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo

Charles Dickens

English literary realism. His novels illuminate the enormous inequities of class in the 19th century England. His detailed and sympathetic depiction of the English lower classes is what came to be termed Literary Realism. Most famous works would include Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol, and Tale of Two Cities

Charles Darwin

English naturalist and scientist whose theory of evolution through natural selection was first published in 'On The Origin of the Species" in 1859. Theory of Survival of the Fittest said that only the strongest of a species will move on.

Louis Daguerre

French inventor of the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype (1789-1851)

Claude Monet

French painter who used a impressionism called "super-realism," capture overall impression of the thing they were painting. The Water Lily Pond was one of his more famous pieces

Ludwig van Beethoven

German composer known for his classical symphonies; considered one of the greatest composers who continued to compose after he became deaf. His 5th and 9th Symphonies are among his most famous works

Nikolaus Otto

German inventor of the gasoline-powered internal combustion engine

Gottlieb Daimler

German who introduced the first four-wheeled automobile

Guglielmo Marconi

Italian pioneer who invented the radio

Alfred Nobel

Swedish chemist who invented dynamite, an explosive much safer than others used at the time. He created it for demolition, but some used it for destructive purposes. He established a fund in 1901, called the Nobel Prize, which rewarded and acknowledged people who worked for literary and scientific achievement and for peace. The prizes are still awarded today.

Sojourner Truth

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women

Karl Benz

he had a patent for the first automobile, which had only three wheels

Robert Koch

proved that different diseases were caused by different microbes