Unit 2 1003: Pharm- Genitourinary Practice Questions

Which instruction would be most appropriate for a client who is taking a diuretic?

"It's okay to take it with food."

Most diuretics act in the body to cause: A. loss of calcium B. loss of sodium C. retention of potassium D. retention of chloride

B. loss of sodium

A patient with severe glaucoma who is about to undergo eye surgery would benefit from a decrease in intraocular fluid. This is often best accomplished by giving the patient a(n): A. loop diuretic B. thiazide diuretic C. carbonic anhydrase inhibitor D. osmotic diuretic

D. osmotic diuretic

Patients may continue to breast or chestfeed their baby with taking the thiazide diuretic chlorothiazide (Diuril).

False

True or False: Fluid rebound occurs when patients taking diuretics increase their fluid intake in response to an increased thirst sensation.

False

A client is diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure. Which would the nurse expect to be ordered?

Mannitol

A patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma. Which does the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

Methazolamide (generic)

Which is considered a major adverse effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Urinary frequency

Furosemide (Lasix) works in the:

loop of henle

An adult client with multiple chronic health problems has been prescribed furosemide in the management of hypertension. When reviewing this client's current medication administration record, what drug should signal the nurse to a potentially increased risk of hypokalemia?

prednisone

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperaldosteronism. For which diuretic would the nurse prepare teaching for the client?

spironolactone

Patients receiving loop diuretics should have regular blood work to monitor sodium levels.

true

After teaching a patient about the action of spironolactone, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient states:

"I need to make sure I don't eat too many high potassium foods."

A client asks, "Why is my prescription being switched from furosemide to spironolactone?" What is the nurse's best response?

"You will lose less potassium with spironolactone than with furosemide."

A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. The health care provider has prescribed a diuretic therapy for the client to promote dieresis. What intervention should the nurse perform to prevent the inconvenience caused by increased urination?

Administer the drug early in the day.

when providing care to a patient who is receiving a loop diuretic, which would the nurse typically need to monitor regularly? A. calorie intake B. bone marrow function C. blood pressure D. Protein levels

C. blood pressure

A 91-year-old client, who is being prepared for discharge, has been prescribed the diuretic spironolactone. While teaching the client about the drug, what major adverse effect should the nurse be sure to mention?

Hyperkalemia

A nurse is preparing to administer spironolactone to a client. The nurse would question this order if which disorder is noted in the client's history?

Hyperkalemia

Which is an example of an osmotic diuretic that relieves edema by pulling water into the renal tubule without sodium loss?

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A client with renal impairment is in need of a diuretic. Because of the renal problem, potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated but may be used if there is no other option. If they are used at all, what nursing intervention would be most important for this client?

Monitoring of serum electrolytes, creatinine, and BUN

A male client has cirrhosis and is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse knows that what drug will help prevent metabolic alkalosis or hypokalemia in this client?

Spironolactone

Which is a potassium-sparing diuretic that causes a loss of sodium while retaining potassium?

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Loop diuretics like furosemide (Lasix) are the drugs of choice for treating patients requiring rapid and extensive diuresis.

True

True or False: The potassium-sparing action of spironolactone (Aldactone) makes it the drug of choice for treating hyperaldosteronism.

True

The nurse understands that the action of most diuretics typically results in which effects? (Select all that apply.)

loss of water loss of chloride

Routine nursing care of a client receiving a diuretic would include which interventions? A. daily weighting B. tight fluid restrictions C. periodic electrolyte evaluations D. monitoring of urinary output E. Regular IOP testing F. teaching the patient to report muscle cramping

A. daily weighting C. periodic electrolyte evaluations D. monitoring of urinary output F. teaching the patient to report muscle cramping

Diuretics are currently recommended for the treatment of which conditions? A. hypertension B. renal disease C. obesity D. severe liver disease E. fluid retention of pregnancy F. Heart failure

A. hypertension B. renal disease D. severe liver disease F. Heart failure

when developing the plan of care for a patient with hyperaldosteronism, the nurse would expect the physician to prescribe which agent? A. spironolactone B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazide D. Acetazolamide

A. spironolactone

The nurse has finished a teaching session with a client who is prescribed a diuretic to be taken twice a day. The nurse determines the session is successful when the client correctly chooses which times to take the drug?

At breakfast and midafternoon

Thiazide diuretics are considered less potent diuretics because they: A. block the sodium pump in the loop of Henle B. cause loss of sodium and chloride but little water C. do not cause fluid rebound when they work in the kidneys D. have little or no effect on electrolyte levels

B. cause loss of sodium and chloride but little water

Diuretics cause a loss of fluid volume in the body. The drop in volume activates compensatory mechanisms to restore the volume, including: A. suppression of ADH release and stimulation of the countercurrent mechanism B. suppression of aldosterone release and increased ADH release C. activation of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system with increased ADH and aldosterone D. stimulation of the countercurrent mechanism with reflex drop in renin release

C. activation of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system with increased ADH and aldosterone

The nurse would instruct a patient receiving a loop diuretic to report: A. yellow vision B. weight loss of 1 lb/d C. muscle cramping D. increased urination

C. muscle cramping

the nurse would anticipate an order for a loop diuretics as the drug of choice for a patient with: A. hypertension B. septic shock C. pulmonary edema D. fluid retention of pregnancy

C. pulmonary edema

A client prescribed both an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension has been consistently obtaining blood pressure readings in the vicinity of 145/90 mm Hg. As a result, the client's primary health care provider has prescribed furosemide. What order would be most consistent with this client's health needs?

Furosemide 40 mg PO BID

A primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for hypertension in a client with diabetes mellitus. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Increased blood glucose levels

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing elevated intracranial pressure following neurosurgery. The health care provider orders an osmotic diuretic to reduce pressure. Which medication would the nurse expect to be ordered?

Mannitol

A client is unconscious and experiencing increasing intracranial pressure. What type of diuretic will the client most likely be prescribed?

Osmotic diuretic

A client with cerebral edema is prescribed mannitol. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize during the ongoing assessment?

Response of pupils to light

The health care provider indicates that a client experiencing renal failure is not a candidate for therapy with potassium-sparing diuretics. How will the nurse respond when the client's family member asks why this is the case?

They may cause hyperkalemia.

The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure. Which diuretic would the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

mannitol