unit 2-3

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Split-brain research has illustrated which of the following?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people.

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

The terminal buttons

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

doapamine

Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by

releasing endorphins, which makes endorphins more available

aphasia

- loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage - wernickes area

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Ach

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.

Which of the following is true about the pons?

It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?

Neuroplasticity- brain's ability to physically change over time in reaction to experiences?

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are

SSRIs

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?

Serotonin

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

all or none response

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

becomes more likely to produce an action potential

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

brocas area

The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called

closure

Sergio's little brother tangled several pairs of identical headphones into one giant mass. To get them free, Sergio had to find the end of one cord and then with his eyes follow that cord throughout the mass as he untangled it. Sergio's ability to see the cord he wanted as a single object is an example of

continuity

Q37 Parkinsons disease is most closely associated with

decrease in levels of dopamine

During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat's hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will

eat more and gain weight

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

Neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in pain modulation include which of the following?

endorphins

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?

hue

Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged?

hypothalamus is involved in primary biological drives, such as hunger.

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

sensory adasptation

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

smell

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?

spatial reasoning

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

the eardrum

The occipital lobes contain

the primary visual cortex

Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the

visual cortex