Unit 2
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland?
A small island in close proximity to the mainland
Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?
Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.
Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?
Recreation and scenic areas for tourism
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?
The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification
zone of physiological stress
range were organisms survive, but experience some stress such as infertility, lack of growth, decreased activity, etc....
What is optimal range?
range where organisms survive, grow and reproduce
zone of intolerance
range where the organism will die
what are the characteristics of pioneer species?
seeds spread by wind or animals, fast growing, tolerant of shallow soil and full sunlight
What are the characteristics of secondary succession?
starts from already established soil, in an area where a disturbance cleared out the majority of plant life
What is primary succession?
starts from bare rock in an area with no previous soil formation
What is ecosystem resilience?
the ability of an ecosystem to return to its original conditions after a major disturbance
what are the characteristics of mid-successional species?
they appear after pioneer species have helped develop deeper soil with more nutrients by their cycles of growth/death
Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?
A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service that would provide protection from a hurricane storm surge?
An intact coastal wetland
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island
As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.
Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.
Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?
Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2
A 163 square-kilometer (km2) small island is found 2,000km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000km2 island is found 1,000km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island?
The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island.
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
What is an episodic disturbance?
occasional events with irregular frequency
What is secondary succession?
occurs in an area that already has established soil, but has had most plant life removed by a disturbance.
What is a periodic disturbance?
occurs within regular frequency (ex. wet-dry seasons)
What are provisioning services disrupted by?
overharvesting, water pollution, and clearing land for urbanization
What are supporting services disrupted by?
pollinator habitat loss and filling in wetlands for development
What are regulating services disrupted by?
deforestation
Provisoning
goods taken directly from ecosystems or made form natural resources
closer to mainland=higher/lower species richness
higher
higher resilience=higher/lower diversity
higher
what are the characteristics of late successional or climax species?
large, slow growing trees that are tolerant of shade and require deep soils for large root networks
Cultural
money generated by recreating or scientific knowledge
Regulating
natural ecosystems regulate climate/air quality, reducing storm damage and healthcare costs
Supporting
natural ecosystems support processes we do ourselves, making them cheaper and easier
