Unit 2

As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of ________ ATPs.

2

The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is

36-38

In bacterial cells and plants cells, cell walls function in

Maintaining cell shape

The entire contents of a cell, except for the nucleus, are included in the ______.

Cytoplasm

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

ATP

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

The green pigment that is most commonly associated with photosynthesis is _________.

Chlorophyll

In a high latitude rainforest, the dominant type of photosynthesis is most likely to be

C3

A small, low-growing plant found on the surface of a sun-exposed rock on a dry hillside would most likely use which type of photosynthesis?

CAM

Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?

CO2

What happened to the hamburger you had for lunch?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may be converted to ATP or used to make molecules for the cells.

Which of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Carbon dioxide

At the most basic level of life, organic compounds are organized into energy dependent, self-replicating units known as _____.

Cells

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

Which process is best represented by the following chemical equations? Sugars + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Cellular respiration

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this planet?

Hypotonic

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

Exocytosis

A membrane that is selectively permeable causes damage to the cell by allowing solutes to enter and leave the cell indiscriminately.

False

Channel proteins require energy for transporting molecules across the plasma membrane

False

Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

False

During the light reactions, plants use the energy in ATP and NADPH to build sugars.

False, Calvin Cycle

In the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment?

Figure C

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound?

H2O

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

The passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ______.

Osmosis

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably

Oxygen

cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires

Oxygen

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into

Oxygen and sugars

What is the importance of photosynthesis to other organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants.

Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called

Pigments

Organisms whose cells lack internal, membrane-bound organelles are classified as _____.

Prokaryotes

Carotenoids are found in high concentration in yellow and orange leaves or vegetables. This color is seen because the carotenoid pigments

Reflect and transmit yellow & orange wavelengths of light

Which of the following is not an example of osmosis?

Sugar in coffee dissolves.

Plants take in energy by absorbing

Sunlight

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because she seemed to be in constant pain. The baby had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscles cells. Doctors figured out that the child had a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements explains what they found?

The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy.

In cellular respiration, most ATP are produced directly as a result of

The electron transport chain

You have decided to try to make your own wine by adding yeast into a sweet grape juice. After allowing plenty of time for the yeast to grow, you find that although the sugar levels in the juice are decreased, there is no alcohol in the mixture. What could have been the reason fermentation did not occur?

The mixture needs less oxygen. Yeast only produces alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements:

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts?

They capture energy from sunlight

Cells suspended in a hypertonic solution will lose water.

True

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

True

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present. True or False?

True

The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back

True

The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm

True

The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

True

Energy is released from ATP when

a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy.

Muscle cells require high concentrations of calcium to function properly. As a result, these cells use _______ transport to move calcium from areas of low concentration outside the cell into the cytoplasm.

active

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

algae

By-products of cellular respiration include

carbon dioxide and water

Which of the following is part of the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide, water, light

When looking at a plant leaf through a light microscope, you notice small green organelles moving around in the cytoplasm of every cell. What organelle are you most likely seeing?

chloroplasts

What function does the nucleolus have?

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

Most plants appear green because chlorophyll

does not absorb green light

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane bound nucleus

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in & out of the cell?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell?

feedback inhibition

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

glycolysis

Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?

green

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

hot and dry

The concentration of solutes is higher within the mitochondria than it is in the cytosol. Therefore, the cytosol is _______ to the inside of the mitochondrion.

hypotonic

You observe a cell in a solution that swells until it bursts. What you have seen is an instance of osmosis in a(n) _________ solution.

hypotonic

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model

energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Which of the following organelles is not involved in producing substances needed by a cell?

lysosome

The boundary that surrounds the contents of the nucleus is the

nuclear envelope

Imagine examining a cell using a light microscope; a prokaryote could be distinguished from a eukaryote by the absence of

nucleus

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to

open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins.

Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called

pigments

The boundary structure that physically defines a cell is the

plasma membrane

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Which of the following structures is found in all types of cells?

plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Organisms whose cells lack internal, membrane-bound organelles are classified as _____.

prokaryotes

Ribosomes are very small, nonmembranous organelles associated with the synthesis of

protein

A product of glycolysis is

pyruvate

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, which means that glycolytic reactions

require no oxygen

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere?

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

Each time we take a breath, we are bringing in the oxygen we need to stay alive. The ultimate source of the oxygen used by all aerobic organisms comes from a reaction that

splits water

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy

stored in food to energy stored in ATP.

Plants take in energy by absorbing

sunlight

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface area to volume ratio

The burning pain we feel in our muscles during strenuous exercise is a result of

the buildup of lactic acid during fermentation

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy

Which of the following statements explains how CAM plants have evolved to cope with the dangers of excessive water loss in very hot and dry regions like deserts?

they open their stomata at night and close them at daybreak to conserve water

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the enzyme of the first reaction