Unit 2 Exam: Project Management

A _________ activity is one that has more than one activity immediately following it.

Burst

A(n) _________ activity has more than one dependency arrow flowing from it.

Burst

Tom is responsible for ordering hardware for a custom home his company is building. The contractor installing the hardware is scheduled to start in 5 working days, but the hardware is on backorder and will not arrive for another 9 working days. Fortunately, Tom has 10 days of slack; however, he shares this slack with the hardware installer. He will have to let the contractor know that the hardware will be ready 4 days later than expected and that the slack for the installer has been reduced by 4 days. Tom and the installer share 10 days of

Total Slack

The amount of delay within a task that will not delay the overall project is known as a

Total Slack.

The amount of time an activity can be delayed and yet not delay the project is termed

Total slack.

A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true?

We can't be sure how the project is going

A Risk Response Matrix contains all of the following EXCEPT

When the risk will occur

Which of the following is true about hammock activities?

Which of the following is true about hammock activities?

The risk assessment form contains all of the following EXCEPT

Who will detect the occurrence of the risk event.

Including the change control system within the ________ is a key to a successful project.

Work Breakdown Structure and Project Baseline

Information to develop a project network is collected from the

Work breakdown structure.

Project budgets are developed by time-phasing which of the following?

Work packages

Refining Estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, a manager getting further into a project and obtaining a better understanding of what needs to be done to accomplish a project and meet the needs of the customer is an example of

Changes in project scope.

If, for some reason, the project must be expedited to meet an earlier date, which of the following actions would the project manager take first?

Check to see which activities are on the critical path.

What is the relationship between organizational culture and estimating?

Cultural norms affect the accuracy of estimates.

All resource leveling techniques involve

Delaying noncritical activities.

Based on the following, which event should you be most concerned about? Risk Event Likelihood Impact Bad weather 2 3 Design flaw 3 5 Accident 1 5 Shipment delay 2 2 Power outage 1 5

Design flaw

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the level of detail estimates should contain?

Detailed estimates are crucial to project success; therefore, an effort should be made to make estimates as detailed as possible for all projects.

_____________ is a measure of how easy it would be to notice that a risk event was going to occur in time to take mitigating action, that is, how much warning you would have.

Detection difficulty

This is used to compare the cost accounts between organizational units and deliverables.

Direct Labor Budget Rollup

Item50 0/2 points awarded Item Scored References Item 50 Item 50 0 of 2 points awarded Item Scored The salary of the project manager would be an example of what type of cost found in a project?

Direct project overhead

Which of the following will correctly calculate the total slack in an activity?

Either LS - ES or LF - EF

This response is used to increase the potential effect of an identified Opportunity.

Enhance

A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is an example of what type of resource constraint?

Equipment

The process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables is called

Estimating.

The requirement for a freshly poured foundation to cure before beginning construction is an example of which of the following type of lag?

Finish to Start

One common mistake made early in the risk identification process is to

Focus on consequences and not on the events that could produce consequences.

Which of the following can be used without coordinating with managers of succeeding activities?

Free slack

Accounting would be an example of which of the following costs typically found in a project?

General and administrative overhead

Which of the following does NOT help describe a project network?

Highlights major deliverables and identifies their completion dates

Which of the following is NOT one of the potential responses to a specific risk event?

Ignoring

Which of the following is a good condition for top-down estimating?

Internal, small project

All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT

It ensures low network sensitivity.

Why is it necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline?

It shows how much work was accomplished for the money spent.

Which of the following correctly calculates the late start for an activity?

LF - DUR

Learning curves are more likely to be applied in situations where most of the costs are

Labor.

The assumption that all immediate preceding activities must be 100% complete is too restrictive in some situations. When an activity is broken down into smaller segments in order to start the succeeding activity sooner, this is called

Laddering.

The pattern of improvement identified from a worker having performed a task multiple time is known as a

Learning Curve.

Laura is forecasting the time and cost of developing an intranet for a new customer. Her department has completed six such intranets for customers during the last two years. Although the proposed system is about the same size as the others, she estimates that it will take about 10 percent less time and money. Which of the following methods is she using?

Learning curve

Which of the following is NOT one of the bottom-up approaches to estimating project time and cost?

Learning curve

In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the

Least slack.

Risks are evaluated in terms of

Likelihood and impact.

A ____________ (responsible for the work package) involved in risk assessment and mitigation will help focus attention on all aspects of risk management.

Line Person

Bill is building a project network that involves testing a prototype. He must design the prototype (activity 1), build the prototype (activity 2), and test the prototype (activity 3). Activity 1 is the predecessor for activity 2 and activity 2 is the predecessor for activity 3. If the prototype fails testing, Bill must redesign the prototype; therefore, activity 3 is a predecessor for activity 1. This is an example of

Looping.

Which of the following is identified to cover major unforeseen risks and, hence, are applied to the total project?

Management reserves

Gene is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier will not be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of what kind of resource constraint?

Materials

An activity that has more than one dependency arrow flowing into it is termed a(n)

Merge activity.

Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization. She should first identify activities with the

Most slack.

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, resource shortages, in the form of people, equipment, or materials, can extend original estimates. This is a good example of

Normal conditions not applying.

_______________ focuses on how to respond to events that have a positive impact on a project

Opportunity management

A _________ activity is one that has more than one activity taking place at the same time.

Parallel

A good starting point for developing time and cost estimates is

Past experience.

A sequence of connected, dependent activities is termed a(n)

Path

Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint?

People

Which of the following would be the best method for projects where the final product is not known and the uncertainty is very large?

Phase estimating

Susan is to conduct environmental testing but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a constraint that could impact the sequence and timing of activities in a project network. What type of constraint is it?

Physical

Richard is collecting estimates for a house that he will have the funding to build in 12 months. Which of the following factors does Richard need to consider in regard to the quality of these estimates?

Planning horizon

________ activities must be completed immediately before a particular activity.

Predecessor

Ed is looking over the actual results of projects and comparing them to what was estimated. He notices that the projects that took six months or longer to complete were noticeably more off the estimates. Which of the following factors is he recognizing?

Project duration

Rob is responsible for estimating a work package that has a significant amount of uncertainty associated with the time and cost to complete. Due to the uncertainty involved he will be making a low, an average and a high estimate. Rob is using which estimating approach

Range estimating

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained.

Resource

When there are not enough people, money, and/or equipment available for a project it is known as being

Resource Constrained.

If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed

Resource-constrained scheduling.

The risk associated with the unlikelihood that one of the key members will be struck by lightning would most likely be handled by which of the following?

Retaining

Organizations use __________ in conjunction with work breakdown structures to help management teams identify and eventually analyze risk.

Risk breakdown structures

A list of questions that address traditional areas of uncertainty on a project is termed a

Risk profile.

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of failing to identify limited resources before project implementation?

Scope creep

The risk management tool that is divided into three color-coded zones representing major, moderate, and minor risks is the risk

Severity matrix.

This response allocates some or all of the responsibility of realizing the identified Opportunity for the project.

Share

The cost impact of a risk event occurring as a project proceeds through its life cycle tends to

Slowly rise.

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource

Smoothing.

System documentation cannot end until three days after testing has started. This is an example of which kind of lag?

Start to Finish

Concurrent engineering, which has dramatically reduced the development time for new products, relies on what kind of lag?

Start to Start lags

________ activities are to be completed immediately following a particular activity.

Successor

While balancing assignments, a project manager must also balance:

Talent development.

When developing a new software package, logically, the software must be designed before the code is written, and the code must be written before it is tested. These activities are dependent on each other by _________ constraints.

Technical

Technical constraints have been carefully considered when developing a project network. Which of the following is true at this point?

Technical dependencies between activities are known.

Risks that can result in a system or process that will not work are known as

Technical risks.

The bottom-up approach for estimating times and costs that uses costs from past projects that were similar to the current project is known as

Template method.

In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed?

The completion date

The forward pass in project network calculations determines all of the following EXCEPT

The critical path.

When completing a backward pass, you carry the LS to the next preceding activity to establish the LF, unless the next preceding activity is a burst activity, in which case you select

The smallest LS of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF.

Which of the following does NOT help describe a bottom-up estimating approach?

They are made by someone who uses experience and/or information from someone else to determine overall project cost and duration.

Regina's boss has told her that her project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, she will be given whatever she needs to get it back on schedule. Her project is classified as ________ constrained.

Time

When considering the sequence and timing of activities, which of the following is NOT one of the types of project network constraints?

Time

Reasons why estimating time and cost are important include all of the following EXCEPT

To help establish a project selection process.

One piece of information that the arrows within the Activity-on-Node network can convey is

how activities are related.

A project network provides the basis for ________________________________ .

scheduling labor and equipment

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT

A longer project duration.

The implications of an identified change need to be assessed by:

A person with expertise related to the change.

A key distinction between a risk response and a contingency plan is

A risk response is part of the actual implementation plan and action is taken before the risk can materialize, while a contingency plan goes into effect only after the risk has transpired

This response is used when an identified Opportunity is not actively pursued.

Accept

Change management systems are designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

All of these are examples of what change management systems are designed to accomplish

Which of the following is NOT included in a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis?

All of these are included.

When deciding which staff to team-up to work on work packages, factors to consider are:

All of these choices are correct.

Typical kinds of costs found in a project include all of the following EXCEPT

All of these choices are examples of costs found in a project

Estimating can be challenged by

All of these choices.

Which of the following groups should NOT be a part of the risk identification process?

All of these groups can be included in the risk identification process.

Tools such as a risk assessment form and a risk severity matrix are used to

Assess risks.

Adopting proven technology instead of experimental technology in order to eliminate technical failure would be an example of which risk response?

Avoiding