Unit 2 progress check practice

Dr. Lofter is a professor of cognitive psychology at a university. He has been collecting data from student performances on tests throughout the school year. Every other test is formatted as either a fill-in-the-blank test, which relies on recall, or a multiple-choice test, which relies more on recognition. At the end of the year, Dr Lofter publishes the research findings in a journal on cognitive sciences showing how students perform better on recognition tests than recall tests. Which of the following ethical violations did Dr. Lofter commit?

Dr. Lofter's students did not give informed consent to be a part of the research

Skylar experienced brain damage after a car accident. Researchers were interested in assessing whether Skylar's visuospatial abilities were affected. Skylar was shown 3 geometric figures, one at a time, for ten seconds. After each presentation, Skylar drew each one on a piece of paper. Researchers compared Skyler's drawings to the original figure and scored each. Which of the following research methods is being used to assess Skylar's abilities?

A case study

Professor Belvedere wants to help her anatomy students memorize the names of different parts of the body. Which of the following techniques will best help her students?

Asking them questions about the meaning of each word

Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?

Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.

When Gustavo goes through lists of inventory items and thinks about whether each one is a fruit or not, he remembers more of the items on those lists later than when he goes through lists of inventory items and does not think about what each item is. Which of the following concepts best explains Gustavo's performance?

Elaborative encoding, because engaging in deeper processing improves memory.

Memory researchers want to determine if using a mnemonic device will prevent participants from forgetting information. They present a list of nonsense syllables to participants that have been randomly divided into two different groups. One group is instructed to use an assigned mnemonic device to remember the words while the other group is instructed to just try to recall the words without using any memory aid. Participants are then asked to recall the nonsense syllables after one hour, one day, and one week. Which of the following research designs best describes this research?

Experiment

A corporation created what they referred to as an "intelligence assessment" to give to people who are applying for jobs with their company, which sells medical equipment. The assessment asked questions about popular culture, sports, and historical events that occurred in the United States. Which of the following might explain why the assessment results did not give the company a diverse pool of final candidates?

The assessment lacked validity by only asking about United States cultural and historic topics.

When Dr. Miller sees that the results yield a strong negative correlation coefficient, she tells a colleague that she knew that would be the result all along. Which of the following cognitive biases is Dr. Miller using when she speaks to her colleague?

Hindsight bias

Researchers were interested in whether there is a correlation between binocular cues and depth perception. Which of the following would be an operational definition of depth perception?

How many times a person accurately judges the distance of an object

Dr. Miller believes cell phone usage affects short-term memory ability. He randomly selected 20 male students from his university to participate and gave them a survey. Participants were asked a series of questions about how often they use their cell phone and whether they recalled information about world events.Which of the following is an operational definition for short-term memory used in this study?

Number of correct details remembered about world events

Alumni of a small high school where everyone knew each other were tracked down twenty years after their high school graduation. Alumni were shown photographs of other individuals they graduated with. First, they were asked if they recognized the person in the photograph. Participants responded "yes" 75% of the time. Next, they were asked if they knew the person's name. Participants could only correctly name the person in the photograph 25% of the time. Which of the following is the dependent variable in the recall condition?

The percentage of people identified by name

The multi-store model of memory

environmental stimuli -> sensory memory -> short term/ working memory <-> long term memory

Mary has an IQ score within one standard deviation above the mean score. This indicates her score is best described as having which of the following qualities?

within the middle 68% of people who took the test

Dr. Hayes is studying people's memories. She had a group of randomly selected participants learn a list of dates related to historical events. Group 1 had to recall the dates without any cues, and Group 2 was given a one-word cue to help them with their recall of the dates. Dr. Hayes then asked the participants to rank how strongly they agreed with the following statement: How confident are you that you remembered the dates accurately? Participants were given a range of numbers to choose from to rank their level of agreement, from 1 meaning they were not confident at all to 5 meaning they were absolutely confident. Which of the following measurement tools was Dr. Hayes using in this study?

Likert scale

Students who have faced many obstacles in educational settings were asked to participate in a study that required that they take a test. Many of the students scored poorly on the test. Which of the following ethical issues arises because the students feel that their low test scores are reflective of their abilities, rather than their circumstances?

Risk to participants

A psychologist was interested in how people of different cultures choose a pet. They posted on social media a question that asked people to respond with what kind of animal would make a good pet. Which of the following psychological concepts would best characterize what the psychologist was examining?

Schemas

Dr. Shay is designing a research study to demonstrate the serial position effect. They asked 10 of their friends to volunteer as participants in the study. Half of the participants were randomly assigned Group A and shown eight random words on a computer screen. After viewing the words, members of Group A were asked to recall as many words as possible. The other half of the students randomly assigned to Group B also viewed a set of eight random words. After viewing the words, students in Group B were asked to count backwards from one hundred, in increments of 3, before recalling any of the words. What is the design flaw of this study?

The participants in the study were not randomly selected.