Unit 2

Which of the following options correctly describe particulate matter?

-Particulate matter can originate from fires, car engines, or coal-burning plants. -Dust is an example of particulate matter. -Some particulate matter can pass into the bloodstream and cause heart disease.

Select those you would expect to find coming directly from a vehicle's tailpipe.

N2 CO NO CO2

Which of the following options correctly describe common air pollutants?

Nitrogen dioxide can combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce acid rain. SO2 may be produced when coal is burned. Carbon monoxide may be produced by charcoal grills or propane camping stoves.

Which of the following statements correctly describe radon?

Radon is chemically unreactive. Radon is radioactive. Radon can be found in basements.

Which of the following options correctly describe aerosols? Select all that apply.

SO3 can combine with water to create sulfuric acid aerosols. Aerosols are liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in the air. Aerosols can contribute to pollution.

paints and varnishes

VOCs

Which of the following options correctly describes toxicity?

oxicity describes the intrinsic health hazard of a substance. The toxicity of a substance may differ for different groups of people.

Which two pollutants are responsible for the production of ozone in the troposphere?

VOCs and NO2

chemical steps involved in ozone production in the correct order.

1. nitrogen dioxide is exposed to sunlight 2. nitrogen monoxide and oxygen atom are produced 3. an oxygen atom reacts with an oxygen molecule 4. oxone is produced

The Air Quality Index (AQI) describes the quality of air with a scale ranging from 1 to _____. The number _____ represents the national standard for the pollutant(s) being measured.

500; 100

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of _____ in car exhaust.

CO

Nitrogen dioxide and Ozone

Carbon monoxide

Which of the following factors affect the level of exposure to a toxic substance? Select all that apply. Concentration of the pollutant in the air Length of time exposed to pollutant Rate of breathing Temperature of the air

Concentration of the pollutant in the air Length of time exposed to pollutant Rate of breathing

What accounts for the fact that Los Angeles has more days of poor air quality than New York City despite having half its population.

Los Angeles has a geography that traps the air.

Which compound reacts with ozone, reducing the ozone concentrations along congested highways?

NO

characteristic brown color; emitted from car engines

Nitrogen dioxide

Which of the following are considered air pollutants?

Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Particulate matter Ozone

produced during lightning strikes

Nitrogen dioxide and Ozone

Which of the following pollutants are generally produced by the majority of cars? Select all that apply.

Nitrogen oxides Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Carbon monoxide

Which of the following pollutants have short enough lifetimes that their concentration indoors is much lower than outdoors?

O3 SO2 NO2

Ventiliztion systems

O3, NO2, SO2, CO

sharp odor; a pollutant in the immediate atmosphere but essential at high altitudes

Ozone

Which of the following options correctly describe ozone exposure and its effects? Select all that apply.

Ozone reduces lung function. Ozone reacts with the rubber on car tires.

classified by size rather than composition

Particulate matter

includes dust and pollen

Particulate matter

Basements

Radon

Which of the following statements correctly describes the sources and environmental effects of SO2 (sulfur dioxide)? Select all that apply.

SO2 can react with water to produce acid rain. SO2 can lead to the formation of aerosols.

Which of the following options correctly describe air pollutants?

Some air pollutants are hazardous at levels well below 1 ppm. Particulate matter is an example of an air pollutant.

released by volcanoes

Sulfur dioxide

Which of the following may increase the concentration of tropospheric ozone? Select all that apply.

Sunny day Stagnant air

What is ambient air?

The air surrounding us, usually outside air

A weather station reports the ambient air temperature. What does this refer to?

The temperature of the air at the lowest level of the troposphere

Which of the following options correctly describe the factors that affect air quality? (Select all that apply.)

Weather patterns have an affect on air quality. The number of people living in a region affects air quality.

Droplets that contain suspended solid and liquid particles are called _____.

aerosols

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are _______containing compounds that pass easily into the ______ phase

carbon; vapor

A species capable of causing cancer is called

carcinogen

Carbon monoxide

colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the "silent killer"

Risk assesment involves

evaluating scientific data and making predictions about an outcome

The risks presented by pollutants are a function of toxicity and ________, the amount of a substance encountered.

exposure

Tobaco smoke =

formaldehydes, benzene

Which of the following is a natural source of both ozone and nitrogen oxides?

lightning

A molecule that always contains carbon and may contain hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen is called a(n)

organic compound

Which of the following are common units of concentration used when reporting the level of common air pollutants?

ppb ppm μg/m3

Which noble gas is the second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke?

radon

A(n) _______ pollutant is produced from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollutants.

secondary

sulfur dioxide characteristics

sharp, unpleasant odor; produced by burning coal

Green chemistry is

the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.

What term is used to describe the intrinsic health hazard of a substance?

toxicity

A species that passes easily from the liquid to the vapor phase is called a(n) _____ substance.

volatile

VOCs or _____ are a class of air pollutant that typically originates from _____.

volatile organic compounds; cars

Particulate matter with the designation PM10 includes particles with an average diameter of 10 _____ or less.

μm

Which of the following options correctly describe the formation and control of pollutants produced by cars? Select all that apply.

Catalytic converters have reduced the CO emissions from cars. Volatile organic compounds are connected to the formation of nitrogen dioxide.

Which of the following can get trapped in filters of heating and/or cooling systems? (Select all that apply.)

Dust, Pollen

Which of the following species are involved in the conversion of NO to NO2 in the atmosphere?

OH⋅ (hydroxyl radical) VOCs (volatile organic compounds) O3 (ozone)

catalyst

a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed. This type of substance is often used up but regenerated during the reaction.