Unit 3 Physiology Exam

When the knee is being flexed, what is the fulcrum? A. knee joint B. femur C. weight of lower leg and foot D. tibia E. contraction of quadriceps femoris

A. knee joint

Which type of muscular tissue has the highest capacity for regeneration? A. smooth muscle tissue B. cardiac muscle tissue C. skeletal muscle tissue

A. smooth muscle tissue

In the diagram, what structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements? A. D B. C C. E D. A

B. C

Which muscles help expel urine in both males and females? Select all that apply. A. Deep transverse perineal B. External urethral sphincter C. Superficial transverse perineal D. Compressor Urethrae E. Ischiocavernosus F. Bulbospongiosus

B. External urethral sphincter & F. Bulbospongiosus

Which muscle in this figure can abduct, medially and laterally rotate, and extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint? A. D B. F C. C D. G E. I

B. F

Writer's cramp can occur in Anatomy and Physiology lecture class. What factor would most likely contribute to the muscles not being able to relax? A. calcium being pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching C. ACh being degraded by AChE D. oxygen being delivered by myoglobin and hemoglobin

B. a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching

Which fascicle arrangement, under voluntary or involuntary regulation of contraction, can control the opening or closing an orifice (opening)? A. fusiform B. circular C. triangular D. pennate E. parallel

B. circular

Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered to begin when calcium is released from: A. T-tubules B. terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. myofibrils

B. terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

What is the most common class of levers found in the body? A. first class lever B. third class lever C. second class lever

B. third class lever

In the diagram, which structure(s) moves towards the center of the sarcomere (closer together) when the fiber contracts? A. Both A and C B. J C. A D. C

C. A

Which muscle in this figure produces the effort when you plantar flex to see over a taller person in front of your view? A. H B. I C. D D. G E. C

C. D

During muscle contractions, thin filaments are pulled towards the A. Z disc B. I band C. M line D. H zone E. A band

C. M line

What is the action of the muscle labeled G? A. laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint B. laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint C. abducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint D. extends forearm at elbow joint E. abducting arm at shoulder joint

C. abducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint

When an athlete performs a pull up (raising their chin to a bar while their body hangs), the process of lowering the body down is A. concentric B. isometric C. eccentric

C. eccentric

Study the image. Which action would the teres major have on the humerus if it were contracted? A. abduction of the arm B. medial rotation only of the arm C. extension, abduction and medial rotation of the arm D. abduction and lateral rotation of the arm

C. extension, abduction and medial rotation of the arm

Your friend nods "yes" to you, going through flexion, extension and hyperextension. This movement at the fulcrum represents a: A. third-class lever system B. second-class lever system C. first-class lever system

C. first-class lever system

Visceral and multiunit smooth muscle differ in: A. innervation B. location C. number of gap junctions present D. all of the choices are correct

C. number of gap junctions present

What are the three ways that ATP can be produced in muscle fibers? What is an example of an activity that primarily recruits each? Do they use oxygen or not? Is ATP production fast, moderate, or slow? How about ATP replenishment and storage?

Creatine Phosphate: Anaerobic Glycolysis: Aerobic Respiration:

Which muscles in this figure flex the forearm? Select all that apply. A. F B. E C. B D. C E. D F. A

D. C & F. A

Skeletal and smooth muscle differ in all of the following EXCEPT: A. cell shape B. presence of intermediate filaments C. ability to stretch and maintain ability to contract D. contraction mechanism

D. contraction mechanism

What is the action of the muscle labeled I? A. pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joints B. extends the forearm at the elbow joint C. rotates arm at shoulder joint D. flexes the forearm at the elbow joint E. abduct arm at shoulder joint

D. flexes the forearm at the elbow joint

*In which of the following do skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle differ? A. Presence of intercalated discs B. Number and size of mitochondria C. Length of contraction time D. Presence of autorhythmic fibers E. All are correct

E. All are correct

Which correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction? A. T tubules, sarcolemma, myofilament B. myofibrils, myofilaments, mitochondria C. muscle fiber, axon of neuron, myofibrils D. sarcolemma, axon of neuron, T tubules E. axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules

E. axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules

Tim ate something that is not agreeing with his digestive tract. He needs to go to the bathroom to defecate, but there is a line. What muscle helps keep the anal canal and anus closed? A. bulbospongious B. ischocavernosus C. obturator internus D. sphincter urethrovaginalis E. external anal sphincter

E. external anal sphincter

Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it is referred to as a A. goiter B. strain C. sprain D. hydrocele E. hernia

E. hernia

Chuck has a rotator cuff injury. Which muscles and associated structures are most commonly involved in this type of injury? What sorts of activities commonly cause this injury?

Rotator cuff injuries are caused by shoulder movement and because of that they are common among baseball pitchers, volleyball players, and swimmers but they can also be caused by aging, trauma, wear and tear, poor posture, or improper lifting. Most often there is tearing in supraspinatus muscle tendon or rotator cuff.

Name the three groups of muscles constituting the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Briefly describe the structure and function of each of these groups.

Thenar: four muscles that act on the thumb and form the thenar eminence. Hypothenar: three muscles that act on the little finger and form the hypothenar eminence. Intermediate: 12 muscles subgrouped as lumbricals, palmar interossei, and dorsal interossei, are needed for all finger movements including skilled activities.

*How does a nerve impulse elicit an action potential?

There are 4 steps in the process of a nerve impulse eliciting a muscle action potential. The first step is the release of acetylcholine, the second step is activation of acetylcholine receptors, the third step is the production of muscle action potential, and the fourth step is termination of acetylcholine activity.

If your eye rests towards your nose (medially), a lesion may be present on _______ (trochlear, oculomotor, abducens, optic) cranial nerve and affects the _______ (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique) muscle.

abducens & superior oblique