Unit 4
Spinal nerves 1. are part of the PNS . 2. connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effectors in all parts of the body . 3. are named according to the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge . 4. are mixed nerves . 5. only transmit sensory information . 6. only transmit motor information .
1 , 2 , 3 , 4
A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord ?
2
Christopher Reeve , a famous actor and competitive equestrian , suffered fractures to the top two vertebra and could not breathe without the help of a respirator . Which of the nerves in this diagram were likely damaged ?
A
In this diagram , respiratory distress can occur if damage occurs to which group of spinal nerves ?
A
In this diagram , which layer is the thickest protective covering ?
A
Which of the labeled structures allows doctors to safely introduce antibiotics or anesthetics and measure CSF pressure ?
A
Sensory information travels to the brain via
Ascending tracts
The spinal cord ends
Between L1 and L2
What parts of a neuron within a nerve is / are wrapped in a protective endoneurium ? 1. Myelinated axon 2. Unmyelinated axon 3. Dendrites
Both 1 and 2
In this diagram , where would the axons of unipolar neurons be located ?
C
In this diagram which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as incoming axons of sensory neurons ?
C
On what labeled structure would a ganglion be found ?
C
Which of the nerves in this diagram only have anterior and posterior rami branches and do not form plexuses ?
D
Which of the nerves in this diagram would be involved with ' flexing ' the chest wall to bring the ribs together ?
D
Which spinal meninges is composed of collagen fibers arranged in an irregular pattern that is very strong ?
Dura mater
In this diagram , where is the space that contains a buoyant liquid to form a hydraulic cushion that absorbs shock ?
E
In this diagram which structure is the conus medullaris ?
E
Which of the labeled structures is composed of squamous to cuboidal cells and is very vascular
E
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would be represented by the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle or the radial iris muscles ?
Effector
A gymnast has damaged their hip flexor muscles . The nerve that innervates these muscles arise from which group of spinal nerves in this diagram ?
F
In this diagram , where is the space that contains interstitial fluid ?
F
In this diagram which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies that regulate cardiac muscle , smooth muscle and glands ?
F
Which of the labeled structures would receive injections to cause loss of sensation to control pain in childbirth ?
F
In the diagram which structure contains nerve roots that arise from the lumbar , sacral , and coccygeal region of the spinal cord ?
G
In this diagram , where is the structure that adheres to the spinal cord and brain ?
G
In this diagram which area is continuous 4th ventricle of the brain ?
G
In this diagram , where is the avascular structure located between the subdural and subarachnoid space ?
H
In this diagram where would somatic motor nuclei be located ?
H
What labeled structure would serve the muscles and skin on the anterior surface of your trunk ?
H
In this diagram , which layer is the thickest protective covering ?
I
In this diagram where would the medial reticulospinal tract be located ?
I
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc can be monosynaptic or polysynaptic ?
Integrating center
An individual suffers a stroke and loses control over their left arm . The individual is affected with _paralysis .
Monoplegia
A nerve impulse initiated at a muscle spindle has to travel through which of the following structures to enter the integrating center ?
Posterior root of spinal nerve
If these structures were severed , the nerve impulses from pain and stretch receptors would not reach the spinal cord .
Posterior root of spinal nerves
Which region of the spinal cord allows a dancer to be aware of their movements and body position ?
Posterior white column
A child was in a diving accident . When brought into the emergency room , the doctor used sharp and blunt objects to determine if there was any sensation on the bottom of the foot and the lateral aspect of their palm . The child stated they could not feel the stimulus in either area . What nerves were most likely damaged ?
S1 and C6
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would involve the posterior root ganglion ?
Sensory neuron
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors the rectus femoris muscle stretching ?
Sensory receptor
Why is a spinal tap performed below L2 ?
The spinal meninges and spaces extend passed the proper spinal cord , allowing fluid to be withdrawn with a minimal risk of damage to the spinal cord .
Which plexus arises from the structure labeled B in the diagram ?
brachial plexus
Which of the following lists the connective tissue coverings of the axons , fascicles , and entire nerve in the correct order ?
endoneurium , perineurium , epineurium
Which layer of protective connective tissue covers nerve and fuses with the outer menix layer ?
epineurium
Which of the following structures travels from the area labeled D in the diagram ?
obturator nerve
Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed______innervation .
reciprocal
Which structure listed contains cerebrospinal fluid ?
subarachnoid space
Which type of descending motor pathway excites antigravity muscles in order to exert control over postural changes necessary to compensate for tilts and movements of the body ?
vestibulospinal tract