Unit 4: A House Divided and Rebuilt

Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction:

10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.

The military death toll in the Civil War was roughly:

730,000

Among the vocal opponents of the Mexican-American War was:

Abraham Lincoln.

The idea of "manifest destiny" claimed that:

American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God.

At Petersburg:

Grant put the Confederates under siege.

On what legal basis did Dred Scott sue for his freedom?

He claimed that living for extended periods in areas where slavery was forbidden made him free.

What was a significant influence on Texas commander in chief Sam Houston?

He served under General Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812.

Given the bitterness of the congressional debate, why was Stephen Douglas successful in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed?

He split the issues into separate bills.

Why did President Buchanan support the Lecompton Constitution?

He was dependent on southern congressmen, who also supported the constitution.

During the great congressional debate over the Compromise of 1850:

Henry Clay pushed for the compromise and national harmony.

How did passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act impact the settlement of Kansas?

Popular sovereignty encouraged violence-prone supporters and opponents of slavery to flood Kansas.

All of the following slave states remained in the Union, EXCEPT:

Tennessee.

How were the Spanish missions in California different from those established in Texas?

The Spanish faced more native opposition in Texas than in California.

How did the Mexican-American War ultimately deepen sectional divisions in the United States?

The newly acquired territories fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.

Most carpetbaggers were:

Union veterans.

All of the following battles resulted in Confederate victories, EXCEPT:

Vicksburg.

All of the following were presidential nominees in 1860, EXCEPT:

William Seward.

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was:

a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy.

President Tyler infuriated Henry Clay by vetoing his bill in support of:

a new national bank.

The 1866 congressional elections:

gave Republicans veto-proof majorities.

At the beginning of the Civil War, the North:

had an edge of about 4 to 1 in potential manpower.

Draftees on either side who chose not to serve had the legal option to:

hire a substitute.

The Free-Soil party stance on slavery:

infuriated John C. Calhoun

As president, Polk supported all of the following, EXCEPT:

internal improvements.

All of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment are true, EXCEPT that:

it ended slavery.

The South had a chance to win the Civil War despite substantial northern advantages because:

it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war.

The argument that the Civil War began primarily as a southern fight to defend liberty and the right of self-government is unsatisfactory because:

it ignores slavery, the actual reason that southern leaders used in 1860-1861 to justify secession and war.

Many northerners, including the so-called Independent Democrats, opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act because:

it repealed the Missouri Compromise.

Congress voted to annex the Republic of Texas via a(n):

joint resolution of Congress.

All of the following is true about the involvement of African Americans in the political arena during Reconstruction, EXCEPT that:

several African Americans were elected as governors.

The panic of 1857:

strengthened southern confidence in its cotton economy.

The Compromise of 1850:

strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law.

Lincoln won the election of 1860 by:

sweeping the free states

A major reason the Democrat James Buchanan won the 1856 election was that:

the Democrats were the only remaining national party

At the Battle of the Alamo:

the Mexicans won a costly victory.

Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a victory for:

the concept of popular sovereignty.

More than any other general, William T. Sherman recognized:

the connection between the South's economy, its morale, and its ability to wage war.

The Confederate States of America seceded after Lincoln's election because:

the southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurances otherwise.

The Mexican-American War contributed to all of the following, EXCEPT:

the strengthening of the Union.

Most of those who traveled westward in wagon trains:

traveled in groups.

In response to the Klan, President Grant:

tried to protect black rights.

The "black codes" enacted by southern legislatures:

tried to restore white supremacy.

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:

turned violent.

One of the reasons that the First Battle of Bull Run was such a sobering experience for both North and South was that both sides:

underestimated the other's strength and tenacity.

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:

vetoed the Civil Rights Act.

John C. Calhoun believed that the Wilmot Proviso:

violated property rights.

Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson:

was a pro-Union southerner.

William Henry Harrison:

was elected more on his military record than for taking a stand on the issues.

California's Bear Flag Republic:

was established when American settlers captured Sonoma in northern California.

All of the following statements about John Brown are true, EXCEPT that he:

was fanatically committed to fight to protect the institution of slavery.

By late in the war, food in the Confederacy:

was outrageously expensive

At Gettysburg, the Confederate army:

was repulsed with terrible losses

The "anaconda strategy":

was the initial three-pronged Union strategy that included, among other things, a blockade of the southern coast to strangle the South.

The election of 1852:

was won by Franklin Pierce.

The 1848 presidential election:

was won by Zachary Taylor

As the Civil War dragged on, increasing numbers of enslaved blacks in the South:

worked in a variety of ways to undermine and weaken the Confederacy.

What was a main reason the Mexican government attempted to curtail American settlement of Texas?

worry about the behavior and intentions of the Americans living there

The idea of popular sovereignty:

would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery

Johnson's Reconstruction plan:

would restore the Union fairly quickly.

In the election of 1844:

Liberty party votes in New York cost Clay the White House.

What effect did Mexico's winning its independence from Spain have on American settlement in the Southwest?

American settlement and expansion into the former Spanish territories increased after Mexico gained independence.

What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Blacks did not have citizenship and therefore lacked legal standing.

Much of the Confederacy's diplomatic efforts were aimed at:

Britain.

In late 1849, Zachary Taylor proposed:

California's immediate entry as a free state

The Republican party reflected a combination of all of the following groups, EXCEPT:

Cotton Whigs.

The discovery of gold in California did all of the following, EXCEPT:

Create a population with an equal balance of men and women

Why was John Charles Frémont so influential in encouraging the mass migration of Americans to Oregon and California?

His reports of his western explorations gained wide circulation and became very popular.

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray.

What was the impact of President Taylor's death?

It strengthened the chance for compromise over slavery in 1850.

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War?

It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery.

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

It was a response to the black codes and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.

Why is the battle at Fort Donelson significant?

It was the site of the first major Union victory.

The Republican party platform supported all of the following in 1860, EXCEPT:

John Brown's raid.

At the Appomattox Court House:

Lee surrendered to Grant.

All of the following are true about the Battle of Antietam, EXCEPT that:

McClellan vigorously pursued the retreating Lee.

The decisive victory in the war came with Winfield Scott's capture of:

Mexico City.

All of the following are true about Winfield Scott's assault on Veracruz, EXCEPT that:

Mexico surrendered as a result of Scott's victory.

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Civil War?

Most of the deaths occurred in battle.

Why did the Whig party collapse?

The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act pushed northern and southern members toward joining different parties.

Which of the following statements best describes the Civil War at the end of 1862?

The war in the East was a virtual deadlock.

Why did Confederate president Jefferson Davis's greatest challenges come from other southern politicians?

Their insistence on "states' rights" made it difficult for the Confederate government to exert its authority.

Slavery was ultimately eradicated by:

Thirteenth Amendment

All of the following resulted from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, EXCEPT that:

U.S. troops continued to occupy Mexico.

All of the following statements about Stephen F. Austin are true, EXCEPT that he:

adamantly opposed slavery.

Polk settled the Oregon boundary dispute with the British by:

agreeing to a border along the 49th parallel.

Kansas's Lecompton Constitution became so controversial because it:

allowed slavery, even though a majority of residents opposed it.

Which of the following was NOT a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

arming the freedmen

Polk's nickname of "Young Hickory" most reflected his:

association with Jackson and support for Jacksonian policies.

Congress did all of the following during the war, EXCEPT:

ban foreign immigration.

All of the following statements about the formation of black army units are true, EXCEPT that:

black army units never saw any significant action.

The Lincoln-Douglas debates:

bolstered Lincoln's presidential prospects in 1860.

As the election of 1860 approached, the Democratic party:

broke up into northern and southern wings.

Ulysses S. Grant:

brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency.

The major factor that delayed Texas annexation until 1845 was:

concern over Texas entering as a slave state.

In 1856, the Republicans:

declared their opposition to slavery

In late 1865, when the former Confederate states sent a number of ex-Confederates to Congress, the Unionists in Congress:

denied them their seats.

The Republic of Texas:

developed trade relations with Britain.

In response to secession, President Buchanan:

did practically nothing

John Tyler broke with the Democrats and joined with the Whigs because he:

disagreed with Andrew Jackson's position on nullification.

Southern Democrats agreed to the Compromise of 1877 because it:

ensured that the last federal troops would be withdrawn from the South.

The purpose of the Convention of 1818 signed by Britain and the United States was to:

establish a "joint occupation" of the Oregon Country.

Fighting along the Kansas-Missouri border:

featured brutal guerrilla warfare

Most of the American settlers in Texas went there because of:

fertile, inexpensive lands.

The Americans known as "mountain men" who blazed western trails were:

fur trappers.

All of the following were strategies used to build the armies of the Civil War, EXCEPT:

kidnapping recent immigrants.

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature.

Preston Brooks's caning of Charles Sumner:

made Brooks a hero in much of the South.

All of the following were advantages the North held over the South, EXCEPT:

more experienced military leaders.

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

no candidate had an electoral college majority.

The new Fugitive Slave Act outraged abolitionists because it:

offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states.

Most scalawags were white southerners who had:

opposed secession.

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

oppressing blacks and white Republicans.

The Anglo-Texans rebelled against the Mexican government:

out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves.

"Hard-money" advocates argued that government war bonds should be:

paid off in gold

The most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction was the:

passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 did all of the following, EXCEPT:

place the Oregon territory under sole U.S. control.

As Union commander, Grant was best characterized by his:

plan to relentlessly attack.

Author Harriet Beecher Stowe's background was indicative of the abolitionist movement's:

powerful religious underpinnings.

Congressional Republicans wrote the Wade-Davis Manifesto to:

protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority.

Service in the Union army or navy benefited many freedmen because it:

provided training in leadership and alerted them to new opportunities in economic advancement and civic leadership.

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was intended to:

provoke slave insurrections.

Polk's order that Zachary Taylor move his troops to the disputed territory north of the Rio Grande:

provoked a Mexican attack.

What issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree on during the 1876 campaign?

relaxing federal authority in the South

The Military Reconstruction Act:

required new state constitutions in the South.