Unit 4: English Adjectives and Adverbs

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Example of an adverb modifying a verb: Stonehenge was built gradually.

Gradually describes the verb built. gradually=adverb

Comparing with adverbs: Rule 1

add -er or -est to all 1 syllable and some 2 syllable adverbs

Adverbs Modify:

verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

Examples of adjectives in sentences:

"In 1772, a Dutch explorer sighted Easter Island." (Dutch can answer "What kind of explorer?" so it is the adjective in that sentence.

Comparative Rules:

1 syllable: add -er 2+ syllables: add more or less Ends in y: change y to i and add -er

Superlative Rules:

1 syllable: add -est 2+ syllables: add more or less Ends in y: change y to i and -est

Superlative:

Compares three or more things

Comparative:

Compares two things

What is the adjective(s) in the sentence: "European ships visited this isolated spot."

European describes ships. Isolated describes spot.

Adverbs Answer:

How? When? Where? To what extent?

Linguistics Rule:

Opinion + Size + Shape + Color + Origin + Material + Purpose + Noun

Example of an adverb modifying another adverb: "Scholars study Stonehedge quite thoroughly."

Quite describes the adverb thoroughly. quite=adverb

Example of an adverb modifying an adjective: Stonehedge is made of very large stones.

Very describes the adjective large. very=adverb

Comparing with adverbs: Rule 4

When comparing which is smaller use less and least instead of more or most. Example: I am less important than you.

Adjectives Modify:

Which one? What kind? How many?

Adverb:

a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

Adjective:

a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun, such as "happy," "sad," or "pretty"

What kind? examples:

bright, red, gentle, Swedish, smart

Comparing with adverbs: Rule 3

do not overlap rules 1 and 2 Example do not say more faster/most fastest

When? examples:

first, now, after, later, often, sometimes

Comparing with adverbs: Rule 2

for most 2 syllable adverbs and all 3 or more...use more or most

Where? example:

here, there, somewhere, anywhere

Comparing with adverbs: Rule 5

list of irregular adverbs: well-better-best/ badly-worse-worst/ little-less-least much-more-most/far-farther-farthest

Negative Definition:

means no or not

examples of negatives and what to change them to in double negative sentences:

neither-either nothing-anything nobody-anybody no one-anyone no-any none-any nowhere-anywhere hardly-almost never-ever

Example of a negative in a sentence: Until recently, I had never used a computer.

never is the negative

Tip for not:

not is not a verb, but it is an adverb

How? examples:

quietly, carefully, quickly

Example of a double negative: The typewriter isn't as fast as no computer.

the two negatives are: isn't and no change isn't=is change no=any

Which one? examples:

this, that, these, either

Watch out for double negatives:

two negatives in the same sentence

How many? examples:

two, several, many, every, seventh

To what extent? examples:

very, really, extremely, quite, not

Breakdown of an adverb:

well-better-best well=primary adverb better=comparative form best=superlative form


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