Unit 4 - First Aid and CPR

________ occur when the internal abdominal tissues are damaged but the skin is unbroken.

Closed abdominal injuries

What mnemonic can be used to identify signs and symptoms of a fracture?

DOTS

What injury results when a joint comes apart and stays apart?

Dislocation

When should you attempt to line up a fracture?

Only if the preceding two conditions are met, and you are more than an hour from medical care

What should be used to keep swelling out of a joint?

RICE

What is the most important step in caring for a victim of an impaled object in the chest?

Stabilizing the object in place

Muscle contusions results from:

a blow to the muscle

Pelvis and hip fractures require:

a long backboard

What size elastic bandage is most appropriate for an injury of the ankle, knee, or leg?

4 inch

An ankle injury in an adult typically heals within ________.

4 to 6 weeks

What can be used to stabilize fractured ribs?

A soft object, such as a pillow

When should a fracture be stabilized?

before you move the victim

Closed abdominal injuries are also known as _________.

blunt injuries

Before applying a splint, you should always:

check CSM

Broken ribs usually occur along the side of the ______________.

chest

In a ________, the skin is not broken.

closed chest injury

Shoulder injuries involve the:

collarbone, shoulder blade, upper arm

Tendonitis usually results from:

continuous overuse

Bruising of the tissue is considered a:

contusion

For an abdominal wound in which organs protrude, you should:

cover the organs with a moist, sterile dressing

A ________ occurs when a muscle goes into an uncontrolled spasm and contraction.

cramp

Which of the following should be observed when applying cold to ankle injuries?

do not place ice directly on skin, place a wet cloth between the injury and ice pack, use an elastic bandage to hold the ice pack in place

Paradoxical movement is a sign of ________.

flail chest

Shin splints is a term that describes pain in the ________ of the lower leg.

front

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of finger fracture?

immediate pain, swelling, a twisted look

Always stabilize an injured knee in which position?

in the position found

The elbow must be splinted:

in the position in which it is found

Pneumothorax is an examples of an injury that can happen to the ________.

lungs

The painful pressure caused by accumulation of blood under a fingernail or toenail can be relieved by:

melting a hole through the nail with a red-hot paperclip

For a fracture of the ________ third of a bone, stabilize the joints above and below the fracture.

middle

An injury to the shoulder resulting in complete loss of function is ________ to be a dislocation than a fracture.

more likely

If an ankle pulse is absent in a knee-dislocation victim, the first aider should make ____ attempt(s) to straighten the knee.

none; the first aider should instead seek immediate medical attention

When the fracture line crosses the bone in a slanting direction, the fracture is called:

oblique

Two classifications for fractures are:

open and closed

If the fracture results in the bone protruding through the skin, it is considered a(n):

open fracture

The O in DOTS stands for:

open wound

What is the primary symptom of fractured ribs?

pain

If the chest wall moves in a direction opposite to that of the rest of the chest wall during breathing, the victim is experiencing ________.

paradoxical chest movement

Open abdominal injuries are also known as:

penetrating injuries

First aid for fractures includes:

performing a primary check for life-threatening conditions, examining the are for DOTS, checking for CSM

Which of the following can be used to improvise a sling if bandages or other resources are unavailable?

placing the hand inside a buttoned jacket, using a belt or necktie, pinning the sleeve of the shirt or jacket to the clothing in the desired position

Care for a closed abdominal injury includes:

placing the victim on his or her side in a fetal position, placing the victim on his or her side in a comfortable position, call 9-1-1

In the mnemonic RICE, the R stands for:

rest

The S in CSM stands for:

sensation

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a fractured hip?

severe pain is present, the leg appears shortened, the leg is rotated with the toes pointing abnormally outward

A fracture that usually results from a twisting injury is called:

spiral

A ________ occurs when a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion.

sprain

A ________ results when the muscle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion.

strain

A folded triangular bandage can be used as a ________ in conjunction with a sling.

swathe

The S in DOTS stand for:

swellling

The condition where air in the chest cavity cannot exit, causing pressures that reduce heart and lung function, is called ________.

tension pneumothorax

The mnemonic DOTS can help you remember:

the signs of injury

Which of the following should not be straightened?

the spine, elbow, and knee

What is the purpose of splinting an extremity fracture?

to reduce pain, the prevent damage to muscle, nerves, and blood vessels, to prevent a closed fracture from becoming an open one

A fractured femur is best splinted with a:

traction splint

When splinting the forearm, keep the victim's thumb:

turned upright

If the victim has a possible spine injury as well as an extremity injury:

wait for EMS to arrive with proper equipment

Tennis elbow results from sharp, quick twists of the ______________.

wrist

To use a contrast bath, submerge the ankle for ____ minute(s) in cold water, and then submerge for ____ minute(s) in warm water.

1, 4

Signs and symptoms of a flail chest include:

abnormal movement of part of the chest wall during breathing