Unit 4: Heart & Lungs

Worn-out red blood cells are phagocytized in the ___, ___, and the ___.

- Liver - Red Bone Marrow - Spleen

On average, RBC's survive about ___ days in the circulation.

120

The human lungs contain about _____ alveoli.

300 million

The blood volume of an average-sized adult male is ___.

5 to 6 liters

The normal pH range for blood is ___.

7.35 to 7.45

The type of protein that is most plentiful in blood plasma is called ___.

Albumin

Which of the following events would lead to increased blood pressure?: - Increased Heart Rate - Decreased Diameter of Lumen of Arterioles - Increased Blood Volume - Increased water retention - All of the Choices Are Correct

All of the Choices Are Correct

These cells remove dust and debris from alveolar spaces.

Alveolar Macrophages

What represents the events that occur during the P wave in an ECG?

Atrial Depolarization

The exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs in the ___

Aveoli

The thin layer of white blood cells and platelets found above the packed red cells in centrifuged blood is called the ___.

Buffy Coat

What ion is an essential clotting factor?

Calcium

Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues occurs in the ___

Capillaries

Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues occurs in the ___.

Capillaries

What is the volume of blood pumped per minute by the left ventricle?

Cardiac Output

The nasal cavity is lined with

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

The blood vessel that collects deoxygenated blood from the coronary circulation and delivers it to the right atrium is the ___.

Coronary Sinus

The muscles used during quiet inhalation are the

Diaphragm and External Intercostal Muscles

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs across the respiratory membrane by the process of

Diffusion

A blood clot that is moving in the bloodstream is called a(n) ___.

Embolus

The inner layer of a blood vessel wall that is in direct contact with circulating blood is called ___.

Endothelium

Which layer adheres tightly to the myocardium and makes up the outer layer of the heart wall?

Epicardium

The flap of elastic cartilage covered by epithelium that closes off the larynx and prevents food and water from entering the larynx during swallowing is called the

Epiglottis

The hormone released by the kidney that stimulates increased RBC production is ___.

Erythropoietin

What passageways are directly connected to the Laryngopharynx?

Esophagus, Larynx, Oropharynx

The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation is the

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The exchange of gases between the air spaces (alveoli) of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries, where the blood gains O2 and loses CO2, is called

External Respiration

The iron-containing portion of the hemoglobin molecule is called ___.

Heme

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen is called ___.

Hemoglobin

___ refers to the sequence of events that stops bleeding.

Hemostasis

The C-shaped rings that provide support for the wall of the trachea are made out of

Hyaline Cartilage

The term for oxygen deficiency in tissues or cells is ___.

Hypoxia

Which of the following is NOT responsible for causing vascular spasms during the early stages of hemostasis?: - Insoluble Fibers called Fibrin - Release of Chemicals by Platelets - Damage to Smooth Muscles - Reflexes Initiated by Pain Receptors

Insoluble Fibers called Fibrin

The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called

Internal Respiration

The true vocal cords are located in the

Larynx

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

Left Ventricle

An increase in the number of white blood cells is called ___.

Leukocytosis

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells, which can be caused by exposure to radiation, is called ___.

Leukopenia

The hollow space inside blood vessels through which blood flows is called the ___.

Lumen

Myeloid stem cells are precursors to all of the following types of blood cells EXCEPT: - Erythrocytes - Thrombocytes - Basophils - Monocytes - Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

The cardiovascular (CV) center is located in the

Medulla Oblongata

The breathing rate is controlled by the respiratory center that consists of a group of neurons located in the

Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Platelets are disc-shaped formed elements in the blood that are generated by splintering a large cell in the bone marrow called a _____ into approximately 2000 to 3000 fragments.

Megakaryocyte

Which of the following is true regarding the transport of carbon dioxide?: - Most CO2 is transported dissolved directly in the blood plasma - Most CO2 is transported attached to hemoglobin - Most CO2 is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ions - Most CO2 is transported as chloride ions - Most CO2 is transported attached to the heme portion of hemoglobin

Most CO2 is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ions

The bulk of the structure of the heart consists of the ___

Myocardium

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left sides by the

Nasal Septum

The openings to the auditory (Eustachian) tubes are located in the ___

Nasopharynx

The first phagocytic cells to arrive at the site of a bacterial infection are the ___.

Neutrophils

Hemoglobin transports both ___and ___ in blood.

O2; CO2

The palatine tonsils are found in the

Oropharynx

Impulses carried from the cardiovascular center to the heart by means of the vagus nerve are ___ impulses that ___ the heart rate.

Parasympathetic; Decrease

___ is the enzyme responsible for dissolving the blood clot after a damaged vessel has healed.

Plasmin

Thrombocytes are ___

Platelets

___ form a plug that helps stop blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.

Platelets

What vessel carries blood with the highest concentration of oxygen under normal conditions?

Pulmonary Vein

Which vessel does not carry deoxygenated blood?: - Superior Vena Cava - Pulmonary Vein - Inferior Vena Cava - Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?: - Superior Vena Cava - Inferior Vena Cava - Pulmonary Veins - Pulmonary Trunk

Pulmonary Veins

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it ___.

Pumps blood throughout the entire body

Baroreceptors, Chemoreceptors, and Proprioceptors are types of sensory receptors involved in the ___

Regulation of Blood Pressure

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the inspired air and blood take places across the

Respiratory Membrane

The movement of blood from the abdominal veins into the thoracic veins based on the pressure differences that occur during breathing is called the ___.

Respiratory Pump

The primary vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the wall of the heart are the ___; the primary vessel that collects deoxygenated blood from the wall of the heart is the ___.

Right and Left Coronary Arteries; Coronary Sinus

The __ Node spontaneously creates action potentials at a rate of approximately ___ times per minute.

SA; 100

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ___.

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

The three vessels that deliver blood to the right atrium include the

Superior/Inferior Vena Cava and Coronary Sinus

This is a fluid that reduces the tendency of the alveoli to collapse.

Surfactant

What wave of an EKG represents repolarization of the ventricles?

T Wave

Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel is called ___.

Thrombosis

The laryngeal cartilage that makes up the Adam's apple is called the

Thyroid Cartilage

The volume of air in one normal breath is called the

Tidal Volume

Parasympathetic neurons reach the heart via cranial nerve ___.

Vagus

___ are essential structural feature of veins for both the skeletal muscle pumping and respiratory pumping used to aid venous return of blood to the heart.

Venous Valves

What is occurring during ventricular systole?

Ventricles are contracting

Which represents the events that occur during the QRS complex in an ECG?

Ventricular Depolarization

Which represents the events that occur during the T wave in an ECG?

Ventricular Repolarization

A membranous structure attached to the outside of the lung is the ___

Visceral Pleura

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after taking a maximal inhalation is called the

Vital Capacity