Unit 4 Review: Triumph of Industry; Labor Movement; Cities, Immigration and Farmers

Ida B. Wells

A Journalist and Anti-lynching activist that wrote articles renouncing the practice of mob lynching in the south

What is a trust?

A trust is a legal concept that allows one person to manage another person's property. The person who manages another person's property is called a trustee.

Booker T. Washington

An educator that supported segregation and promoted the idea that African Americans should learn trades and become self reliant as a means to political equality

Marcus Garvey

Black Nationalists that promoted the "Back to Africa" movement

In the late 1800s, how did railroad monopolies create economic hardships for farmers?

By charging high prices to ship agricultural goods to market.

What is the Chinese Exclusion Act (CEA)

CEA-Virtually stopped immigration from China, also Japan.

Define the differences and similarities of the first and second industrial revolution

First was smaller-steam engines, textiles, canals. Second-more inventions, gas powered engines, steel, more transportation and communications=true national market.

What was the Gentleman Agreement (GA)

GA-Informal agreement to stop Japanese immigration.

Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th century?

Government leaders received money from business and also believed in laissez-faire.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Harvard-trained sociologist and a founding member of the NAACP. Believed that education was the key to racial equality and African Americans should not compromise when seeking civil rights and racial justice

In 1913, President Wilson proposed a reduction in tariffs. How did Wilson plan to make up for the loss of these revenues by the federal government?

Introducing a new federal income tax.

What did the Dawes Act do for Native Americans?

It permitted Indians to withdraw private plots from the tribal reservation.

Which group most favored the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?

Nativists on the West Coast.

What factors lead to the rapid growth of U.S. industry?

Natural resources, lots of people to work, little government interference, new business structures, money to invest, railroads, new inventions & innovations.

What was the impact of muckraking activities during the early 1900s?

Public reaction to their books led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization.

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Required new government employees to meet certain qualifications before hiring.

What was the populist party? What did they stand for?

The Populist Party consisted mostly of farmers. Anti-Wall Street and gold standard.

What were the demands of the populist party as stated in the Omaha Platform?

The Usage of Silver as currency or (bimetallism), Direct election of senators, government regulation of Rail Corp. and big businesses, Graduated income tax, 8 hour work day, restrict immigration.

What was the spoils system? What effect did it have on government?

The practice of rewarding loyal party members with government positions regardless of skill or experience. This practice cause corruption and place unqualified people in positions of power with the government.

What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?

The rapid growth of tenements and ghettos.

Why were the "new immigrants" who arrived in the late 19th century resented by "Native" Americans?

The segregated themselves in urban neighborhoods,often worked for lower wages , and they had diverse languages and ethnic cultures.

Initiative, Referendum, Recall, Direct Primary, 17th Amendment?

These reforms gave citizens a greater voice in government. The direct election of senators by the people of each state.

What was the purpose of the Grange movement?

To break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests.

The main goal of the social gospel and settlement movements?

To improve living conditions for the poor.

What was the primary goal of the AFL American Federation of Labor?

To obtain better conditions for workers in its affiliate unions.

Anti Sherman Act

a federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to oppose monopolies. The law prohibits contracts, combinations, or conspiracies "in the restraint of trade or commerce."

Major Labor Strikes

a. Great Railroad Strike of 1877 - was the nation's first major labor strike which began a series of violent labor strikes was started by railway workers angered by wage cuts. b. Haymarket Riot - led to the decline of the Knight of Labor. The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.

During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories for what reason?

families needed the income to survive.

Tactics used by management to stop labor from organizing?

firing troublemakers and putting them on blacklists, shutting down the plants, and hiring private police to "regulate" strikers.

Florence Kelley

fought for better conditions for workers and helped found the NAACP.

Tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company?

led to laws requiring fire escapes, safety codes and inspections of buildings

A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917)?

was to correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society.