Unit 4 Test
False
Probation is the conditional freedom granted by a judicial officer to an adjudicated adult or juvenile offender after a period of incarceration.
Probation Officer
Responsible for initiating violating proceedings.
John Augustus
The man known as the first probation officer, a Boston shoemaker
Justice model
A contemporary model of imprisonment based on the social philosophy of just deserts.
Work house
A form of early imprisonment designed to instill a work ethic in the idle.
Pennsylvania System
A form of imprisonment developed by the Quakers that made use of solitary confinement and resulted in nations first penitentiary.
State use system
A form of inmate labor in which items produced by inmates are salable only to state agencies.
Intensive supervision
A form of probation supervision involving frequent face to face contacts between the probationary client and probation officers.
Grieving procedures
Formalized arrangements prisoners have to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement
Parole Boards
Grant discretionary parole.
Nothing works doctrine
Held that the treatment programs have little rehabilitative success.
Home Confinement
House arrest.
Maximum security prisons
House the most Marion's offender's and are characterized by double and triple security patterns.
False
If a judge orders that a convicted offender's sentence be suspended and places the offender on probation, no further steps can be taken to reinstate the suspended prison time regardless of the offender's behavior while on probation.
True
In 1935, an Indiana University sociology professor competed a groundbreaking study of prison life when he voluntarily served three months in prison as a participant observer to discover what being an inmate was really like.
False
In all state and federal prisons facilities combined, the number of incarcerated male prisoners is greater than the number of females incarcerated by a ratio of slightly more than two to one.
Homosexual relationships
In the society of captives, Gresham Sykes claims that prisoners are deprived of all of the following except
Bearden v. Georgia
US Supreme Court determined that probation cannot be revoked for failure to pay a fine and make restitution if it can be shown that the defendant was not responsible for the failure.
True
Under lex talionis the convicted offender was sentenced to a punishment that most closely approximated the original injury.
Revokating Hearing
Used to decide if an offender has violated the terms of his or her probation or parole by committing a new offense or failing to live up to the conditions of probation or parole.
False
When using shock probabtion, the judge sentences an offender to a prison term, then suspends the sentence before the offender actually starts to serve the sentence in jail or prison.
The reduction in number of older habitual offenders in prison
All of the following are listed as contributing to the "graying" of America's prison population except
Shock Incarceration
Allows for a three strike to six month regimen of military drill, drug treatment, exercise, and academic work in return for having several years removed from an inmate's sentence.
Warehousing
An imprisonment strategy that is based upon the desire to prevent recurrent crime but that has abandoned any hope of rehabilitation.
Mean dude
An inmate who is quick to fight and fights like a wild man is referred to as
Regional jail
Built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions.
Medical model
Characterized by a belief that offender's are sick and can be cured through behavioral and other forms of therapy.
True
Community service is a sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency.
Ticket of Leave
Conditional release was granted under a...
Friend
Correctional officers can be classified according to certain categories. If an officer tries to fraternize with inmates, attempting to be "one of the guys," he or she would be classified as
Total institutions
Enclosed facilities where the inhabitants share all aspects of their lives.
The Balancing test
Established by the US Supreme Court in Pell v. Procunier has served as a guideline generally applicable to all prisons operations.
True
Few states have substantial capacity for the psychiatric treatment of mentally disturbed inmates.
False
Few states use parole boards to decide when an incarcerated offender is ready for conditional release; most of that function has been taken over by prison wardens.
True
Restitution is a court requirement that an offender pay money or provide services to the victim of the crime or provide services to the community.
Solitary Confinement
The feature of eastern and western penitentiaries that most clearly characterized the nineteenth century Pennsylvania correctional philosophy
Walnut Street Jail
The first American penitentiary, opened in the late 1700s in Philadelphia.
Quakers
The group that most influenced the beginnings of the American prison experience.
False
The just deserts model was a late nineteenth century correctional model based upon the use of the intermediate sentence and belief in the possible of rehabilitation of offender's.
Hands off doctrine
A policy of nonintervention with regard to prison management that American courts tended to follow until the late 1960s.
Work release
A prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into the community in order to meet job responsibilities.
False
A prisoner's mail from immediate family members may not be opened and censored by prisons authorities.
Community service
A sentencing alternative that requires offender's to spend least part of their time working for a community agency.
True
A split sentence requires an offender to serve at least part of his or her sentence in jail or prison, followed by a longer period or probation.
False
A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement for less than one year is called prison.
False
An overview of various approaches to correctional treatment suggests that programs focused on rehabilitation should be abolished.
True
Any act or failure to act by a probationer that does not conform to the conditions of probation is a violation.
Probation and Parole
Are distinctly different forms of community corrections administered by different authorities.
True
At one time, England used hulks to house convicted offenders and send them to exile.
Balancing test
Attempts to weigh the constitutional rights of an individual against the authority of the state to make laws to protect its interest and its citizens.
Using forced labor and the silent system
Auburn prison, established in 1823 in New York State, attempted to reform prisons by...
Hedonists
Build their lifestyles round the limited pleasures that can be had within the confines of prison.
Rhodes v. Chapman
Dealt with the issue of prison overcrowding and held that placing two inmates in one cell is not cruel and unusual punishment.
Prison Subcultures
Develop independently of the plans of prison administrators.
True
Direct supervision jails are temporary confinement facilities that eliminate many of the traditional barriers between inmates and correctional staff.
True
Inmates have a right to consult "jailhouse lawyers" for advice if the prison does not provide assistance from trained legal professionals.
True
Jails are often thought of as the "shame of criminal justice"
The law of the dead
Lax talionis
Shock incarceration
Makes us of boot camp-type prisons to impress upon convicted offenders the realities of prison life.
False
Most female prison inmates have been convicted of violent crime.
False
Most male sexual aggression in prisons do not consider them selves heterosexual.
True
Parole is the status of an offender conditionally released from a prison by patrolling authority prior to the expiration of the sentence.
False
Prison argot is a secret language prisoners use to communicate that non one except the prisoners knows.
Security threat groups
Prison gangs who pose a threat to the safety of the correctional staff and the public are defined as:
True
Prisons riots are generally unplanned and tend to occur spontaneously, the result of some relatively minor precipitating event.
False
Prisons that flourished during the industrial prison era, and whose intent was to capitalize on the labor of convicts sentenced to confinement, were part of the reformatory concept.
Recidivism
Repetition of criminal behavior
Split Sentencing
Requires an offender to serve a period of confinement in a local, state, or federal facility followed by a period of probation.
Mixed sentencing
Requires that a convicted offender serve weekends in jail while on supervised probation in the community during the week.
Intermediate Sanction
Split sentencing, shock probation and parole, home confinement, shock incarceration and community service.
Conditions of parole/probation
State ordered limits imposed on all offender's who are released on either probation or parole.
False
The 1935 Taft-Hartley Act effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison made goods.
True
The US Supreme Court case of Hudson vs. Palmer asserts that the need for prison officials to conduct thorough and unannounced searches is greater than inmates' right to privacy in personal possessions.
Mempa v. Rhay
The US Supreme Court determined that both notice of the charges and a hearing a required in order to revoke an offender's probation.
Gagnon v. Scarpelli
The US Supreme Court extended the holding in Morissey v. Brewer to include probationers.
Cruz v. Beto
The case that required that inmates be given a reasonable opportunity to pursue their religious faith even if it differs from traditional forms of worship.
Civil death
The legal status of prisoners in some jurisdictions who are denied the opportunity to vote, hold public office, marry, or enter into contracts by virtue of their status as incarcerated felons.
Prison litigation reform act
The legislation that attempts to restrict the number of suits filed by inmates
False
The movement toward the wider use of private prisons is called corporationalization.
Design capacity
The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.
True
The number of probation and parole clients assigned to a probation or parole officer for supervision is referred to as the officer's caseload.
Hands-off doctrine
The policy followed by the courts until the 1960s in refusing to hear inmate complaints about the conditions of incarceration and the constitutional deprivations of inmate life
Shock Probation
The practice of sentencing offender's to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and enacting such release in a surprise fashion.
The colonist
The process whereby institutionalized individuals come to accept prison lifestyles and criminal values.
US v. Knights
The search authority of probation and parole officers might be extended to police officers in certain situations.
Prison argot
The slang characteristics of prison subcultures and prison life
ADMAX
The term used by the federal government to denote ultra high security prisons.
Prison subculture
The values and behavioral patterns characteristic of prison inmates
