Unit 4 Test

Transduction occurs in which part of the ear? A. cochlea B. eardrum C. pinna D. oval window E. ossicles

A. cochlea

Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk used a visual cliff with a glass-covered drop-off to examine behavior in crawling infants. Even when coaxed by their mothers to crawl out onto the glass covering, most infants refused to do so, indicating that they had developed which of the following? A. depth perception B. selective attention C. perceptual constancy D. procedural memory E. sensory adaptation

A. depth perception

The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave's A. frequency B. amplitude C. complexity D. timbre E. power

A. frequency

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are A. more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea B. less sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea C. as sensitive in the dark as cones and are few in number in the fovea D. more numerous than cones are in the fovea E. as numerous as cones are all over the retina

A. more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following A. resting potential of neurons in the optic nerve B. gestalt principles of closure and continuity C. the inverted and reversed image that a visual stimulus produces on the retina D. the opponent process theory of vision E. the trichromatic theory of vision

B. gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness? A. basilar membrane B. hammer, anvil, and stirrup C. auditory nerve D. temporal lobe E. central sulcus

B. hammer, anvil and stirrup

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty A. her rods are functioning improperly and are not sensing color B. her cones cannot detect color well in dim light C. light adaptation prevents sensation of color D. Lateral antagonism inhibits color sensation E. her optic chiasm is not correctly transferring color neural impulses

B. her cones cannot detect color well in dim light

When viewed from the windows of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called A. stroboscopic motion B. motion parallax C. motion constancy D. linear perspective E. the Muller-lyer illusion

B. motion parallax

Your best friend decides to paint her room and extremely bright electric blue. Which of the following best fits the physical properties of the color's light waves? A. no wavelength; large amplitude B. short wavelength; large amplitude C. short wavelength; small amplitude D. long wavelength; large amplitude E. no wavelength; small amplitude

B. short wavelength; large amplitude

X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O Carlos sees the figure above as six unified columns, not four united rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly? A. proximity B. similarity C. closure D. good continuation E. common fate

B. similarity

While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly". Zach's response is an example of A. the gestalt principle of closure B. the cocktail party effect C. sensory adaptation D. bottom-up processing E. the just-noticeable difference

B. the cocktail party effect

Which of the following phrases accurately describes top-down processing? A. the entry-level data captured by our various sensory systems B. the effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception C. our tendency to scan a visual field from top to bottom D. our inclination to follow a predetermined set of steps to process sound E. the fact that information is processed by the higher regions of the brain before it reaches the lower brain

B. the effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception

The process whereby the characteristics of a stimulus are converted into nerve impulses that can travel along a nerve through the brain (such as the optic nerve of auditory nerve) is called A. accommodation B. transduction C. subliminal perception D. weber's law E. opponent process theory

B. transduction

Which of the following is true regarding visual information processing? A. feature detectors in the retina process information before rods and cones B. rods and cones receive neural signals from ganglion cells C. bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve D. feature detectors process information before bipolar cells E. rods transduce wavelength and cones transduce light intensity

C. bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve

Bob is a participant in a signal detection study. On the last trial, Bob said that he saw a stimulus and in fact there was NO stimulus present. Bob's answer would be classified as a A. hit B. miss C. false alarm D. correct rejection

C. false alarm

The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its part is central to which of the following schools of thought? A. connectionism B. functionalism C. gestalt psychology D. structuralism E. behaviorism

C. gestalt psychology

Which of the following explains reversed-color afterimages A. Young-helmholtz trichromatic theory B. the blind spot C. hering's opponent process theory D. feature detectors E. parallel processing

C. hering's opponent process theory

A man dressed in a gorilla suit walks through a crowd of people playing basketball. Witnesses of this event were so focused on the basketball playing that they did not notice the man in the gorilla suit. This is referred to as A. blind spot B. subliminal influence C. inattentional blindness D. suboptimal priming

C. inattentional blindess

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her? A. convergence B. binocular disparity C. linear perspective D. similarity E. closure

C. linear perspective

In the middle ear, the hammer, and anvil, and stirrup are three types of little bones known as the A. eardrums B. tympanic membranes C. ossicles D. auditory cortex

C. ossicles

In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain A. statistical significance B. somatic behavioral disorders C. perceptual organization D. stimulus detection thresholds E. altered states of consciousness

C. perceptual organization

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception I. opponent process II. frequency III. place A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III

D. II and III only

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the back of the retina and which contains no receptor cells is called A. fovea B. olfactory bulb C. cochlea D. blind spot E. myopia

D. blind spot

*two faces vs chalice picture* Which of the following Gestalt terms applies to the illustration above? A. closure B. continuity C. proximity D. figure-ground

D. figure-ground

The optic nerve is made up of the axons of what type of cells A. bipolar cells B. photoreceptor cells C. photopigments D. ganglion cells E. binocular cells

D. ganglion cells

Which lobe of the brain contains the visual cortex? A. frontal lobe B. parietal lobe C. temporal lobe D. occipital lobe

D. occipital lobe

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the muller-lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angle and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that A. a decrease in change blindness results from exposure to a carpentered world B. a decrease in depth perception in illusions results from regular exposure to linear perspective C. people in highly technological societies are generally less prone to visual illusions than are more primitive societies D. people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives E. people are who used to building with square corners are more likely to be affected by binocular depth cues

D. people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives

Damage to which of the following structures would inhibit the transduction of light into neural activity? A. pupil B. lens C. corea D. retina E. iris

D. retina

The general function of the bones in the middle ear it to A. convert incoming sound from pounds per square inch to decibels B. protect the cochlea C. regulate changes in the air pressure of the inner ear D. transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window E. provide information to the vestibular system

D. transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

The lowest intensity at which a stimulus can first be detected at least 50% of the time correctly is called the A. difference threshold B. just noticeable difference C. weber's law D. sensory adaptaion E. absolute threshold

E. absolute threshold

A small area in the center of the retina that contains no rods but many densely packed cones that gives us excellent visual activity is called the A. lens B. pupil C. iris D. cornea E. fovea

E. fovea

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individual determine the A. pitch of the sound wave B. timbre of the sound wave C. absolute threshold for sound perception D. frequency of the sound wave E. location of the source

E. location of the source

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina? A. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones, optic nerve B. bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones, optic nerve C. optic nerve, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones D. rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve E. rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

E. rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phone requires A. perceptual constancy B. feature detetion C. sensory adaptation D. blindsight E. selective attention

E. selective attention

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located? A. occipital cortex B. retina C. optic chiasm D. lens E. cornea

A. occipital cortex

In the morning, Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed the image above and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? A. priming B. habituation DC. conditioned response D. stimulus generalization E. discrimination

A. priming

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by A. top-down processing B. bottom-up processing C. parallel processing D. retinal display E. color constancy

A. top-down processing

After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates A. anosmia B. synesthesia C. sensory adaptation D. subliminal perception E. the just-noticeable difference

C. sensory adaptation

Another name for the mingling of the senses in which a person may experience sounds as colors or taste as touch sensations or different shapes is A. psychophysics B. sensory adaptaion C. subliminal perception D. signal detection E. synesthesia

E. synesthesia

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that A. the blind spot is very small, and no visual stimuli are likely to be so small that the blind spot completely obscures them B. most visual stimuli affect only one visual hemisphere, and one hemisphere can cover for the other C. visual stimuli usually affect the occipital cortex in both hemispheres D. the blind spot habituates to a stimulus when the head is held still E. the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

E. the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following? A. the perceived uniformity and size of a stimulus B. the darkness of a room and the time needed for the rods to adjust C. the quality of a stimulus and the likelihood that it is perceived as pleasurable D. the perceived sizes of afterimages projected across different distances E. the intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation

E. the intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation