Unit 4 The Periodic table and trends

Group 1A, has one valence electron, and are reactive, high thermal and electrical conductivity, lustre, and elements of this group are hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na),

Alkali Metals - Location / group #: ____________- How many valence electrons do elements in this group have?- Are elements in this group reactive or unreactive?List other properties you may know:List 3 elements in this group

smaller than the corresponding neutral atoms,

Does a cation have a bigger or smaller radius than it's neutral atom?

four electrons

Si has how many valence electrons?

increases from top to bottom

What is the trend for atomic radius? In which directions does atomic radius increase across a row? What about down agroup?

Si and AL

what two elements are metalloid?

was a British chemist, He arranged the known elements in order of increasing atomic weight and found that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals.

-John Newlands:

Group 2A, elements have two valence electrons, are reactive, They are harder and less reactive, They have low ionization energy, low electron affinity, and low electronegativity. They are highly reactive and often form divalent cations. They are good conductors of electricity. elements are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca),

Alkaline Earth Metals - Location / group #: ____________- How many valence electrons do elements in this group have?- Are elements in this group reactive or unreactive?- Are these more or less reactive than group 1 elements?List other properties you may know:List 3 elements in this group

Because most noble gases do not form compounds, they do not have electronegativities.

Are noble gases electronegative? Why or why not?

Eight valence electrons

CI has how many valence electrons?

was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a version of the periodic table of elements.

Dimitri Mendeleev:

lose electrons, to attain Noble Gas electron configuration.

Do metals tend to gain or lose electrons in chemical reactions? Why?

tend to gain electrons, to attain Noble Gas configurations.

Do non-metals tend to gain or lose electrons in chemical reactions? Why?

are larger than the corresponding neutral atom,

Does an anion have a bigger or smaller ionic radius that it's neutral atom?

Group, other subtances

Elements in the same______________have the same number of valence electrons and tend to react in____________________ways.

three valence electrons

Ga Has how any valence electrons?

valence electrons

Groups (vertical, Columns) = These elements react with other elements in similar ways because they have the same number of_______________

Group 7A (or VIIA), elements have seven valence electrons, are extremely reactive, They all form acids when combined with hydrogen,They are all fairly toxic, They readily combine with metals to form salts. elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),

Halogens- Location / group #: ____________- How many valence electrons do elements in this group have?- Are elements in this group reactive or unreactive?- List other properties you may know:List 3 elements in this group

two valence electrons

He has how many Valence electrons?

Mass

Henry Moseley's research suggested that elements should be sorted by Increasing atomic _____

was an English physicist, he arranged the elements in the periodic table according to atomic numbers.

Henry Moseley:

by atomic mass, and the elements are arranged according to their atomic number - not their relative atomic mass. Modern periodic table orders the elements based on their atomic number and not atomic mass

How did the Periodic table change over time? How was the periodic table originally arranged and how is this different from the current, modern-day arrangement of the periodic table?

The Lewis Dot diagram contains the element symbol with dots representing electrons. a Bohr Model is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

How is a Lewis dot structure different from a Bohr model of an atom?

Metals and non-metals are placed separately in both periodic tables. The elements are arranged in groups and periods.

List 2 similarities between Mendeleev's periodic table and the modern-day periodic table?

Groups 13-16, elements have three to six valence electrons, they are reactive depending on the element with which they are reacting. Are Solids, Have a Metallic Luster and Appear to be Metals, Are Brittle and Easily Broken, elements are boron, silicon, germanium,

Metalloids- Location / group #: ____________- How many valence electrons do elements in this group have?- Are elements in this group reactive or unreactive?- List other properties you may know:List 3 elements in this group

Group 8A, elements have eight valence electrons, are virtually unreactive, monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar),

Noble gases- Location / group #: ____________- How many valence electrons do elements in this group have?- Are elements in this group reactive or unreactive?- List other properties you may know:List 3 elements in this group

Rb will prefer to gain electron.

Observe the position of Rb on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does Rb have? Does Rb have a tendency to gain or lose electrons in a chemical reaction and why?

fluorine

Of all elements on the periodic table which is the most electronegative?

atomic orbitals and increasing.

Period (horizontal, rows)= These elements have the same number of ________________ •Going from left to right the number of electrons in the outermost shell generally _________________(increase / decrease)

7 valence electrons.

Rb has how many valence electrons?

2 Valence electrons means

Sr has how many valence electrons?

Groups 3-12, They are excellent conductors of heat and electricity. The transition metals are malleable (easily hammered into shape or bent). These metals tend to be very hard. elements are titanium, iron, nickel, and copper,

Transition Metals- Location / group #: ____________List one other property List 3 of the transition metals

chemical bonds

Valence electrons participate in________________

the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that can participate in interactions with other atoms.

What are Valence Electrons?

the total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron.

What atomic radius is?

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself.

What is electronegativity?

is the distance from the nucleus of an ion up to which it has an influence on its electron cloud.

What is ionic radius?

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.

What is ionization energy?

a method of showing the chemical elements in a table with the elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

What is the periodic law? what does this mean for the arrangement of elements on the periodic table?

Electronegativity decreases down a group.

What is the trend for electronegativity? In which directions does electronegativity increase across a row? What about down a group?

decreases down a group.

What is the trend for ionization energy (IE) ? In which directions does IE increase across a row? What about down a group?

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.

Which 8 elements form diatomic molecules?

francium is the largest.

Which element has the largest atomic radius A, B, C, or D? Which has the smallest atomic radius?

valence electron

Which particles are represented by the dots in Lewis valence e-dot structures?

8 valence electrons means

Xe has how many valence electrons?

Na

what element is a metal?