Unit 4 World History

Which of the following statements BEST represents an example of Daoism's ideas?

Painters should portray a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth.

How did the social status of merchants reflect Chinese ideas about society?

They had low status because their wealth came from the work of other people.

How did India's great rulers maintain peace and order?

They had strong central governments and encouraged economic growth.

How did Ming rulers restore an earlier style of Chinese government?

They restored the civil service system and renewed the emphasis on Confucian scholarship.

How did the Mongol rulers change once their conquests were complete?

They were not oppressive but permitted people to continue with their lives with relatively little change.

How are Hindu beliefs related to the caste system in India?

To Hindus, all existence is ranked.

How did the separate Deccan kingdoms stay linked?

They bought each other's goods through trade.

How do cattle link the Indus and Aryan civilizations, and modern India?

All three populations held a special regard for cattle.

How did the relative location of the Korean peninsula influence the development of Korean civilization?

Because it was near China, Korea was influenced by Chinese culture, politics, and technology.

What is one way that Buddhism differs from Hinduism?

Buddhism rejects a caste system and focuses on meditation.

Who founded the first Indian empire?

Chandragupta Maurya

How did Chandragupta's and Asoka's approaches to ruling differ?

Chandragupta relied on force while Asoka ruled by example.

During the Silla dynasty, the most powerful cultural influence on Korea was

China

Which statement best describes Korea's relationship with China during the Silla and Koryo dynasties?

China strongly influenced Korea's culture and technology, but it also may have prevented Korea from developing its own unique culture.

The scene depicted in the accompanying image is from a time when . . .

Chinese admiral and diplomat Zheng He commanded extraordinary overseas ventures.

What can you infer from this image about the Song and Tang eras in China?

Confinement of women was enforced through the practice of foot binding.

The system of writing numbers described in this quotation was devised by mathematicians during the ________ period. "It is India that gave us the ingenious method of expressing all numbers by means of ten symbols, each symbol receiving a value of position as well as an absolute value; a profound and important idea which appears so simple to us now that we ignore its true merit..."

Gupta

What was Guru Gobind Singh's motivation behind giving all Sikh men the last name of Singh?

He believed that having a common name removed barriers of caste between people and promoted tolerance.

How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in China?

He permitted only Mongols to serve in the military and reserved the most powerful government positions for Mongols.

What was one of the policies Akbar enacted that helped strengthen his empire?

He promoted diversity within his government and court.

How did Marco Polo characterize Mongol rule in China under Kublai Khan?

He reported that it was very prosperous and well run.

Which statement was one of the reasons for the successful invasion of northern India by Muslim rulers in the late 1100s?

Hindu princes wasted resources battling one another instead of uniting against a common enemy.

The Gangetic Plain, which lies south of the Himalayas, is watered by the ________ rivers.

Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra

How did the Delhi sultanate affect Hindu society?

It introduced Turkish, Persian, and Arab social and artistic influences to the area.

Which statement is true of the work from which this excerpt has been taken? "When Genji beheld this beautiful scene from his carriage, he at once remembered it was a place he had seen before......."

It was the world's first full-length novel.

Why might Korea's location be considered strategic by other countries?

Its location next to China gives access to that country.

The great temple complex at Angkor Wat was built by the ________ empire.

Khmer

In this passage, the writer is explaining the benefits that Buddhism could bring to the people of ________. "If you teach people to rely on this teaching [Buddhism] and practice it, then their minds can be corrected, and their bodies can be cultivated. You can regulate your family, you can govern the state, and you can bring peace to the world." - Gihwa, The Exposition of the Correct

Korea

Which Mongol ruler defeated the last Song emperor in 1279?

Kublai Khan

Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India?

Missionaries and traders spread Buddhism to other parts of Asia.

The Song dynasty was overthrown when it was attacked by ________ invaders from the north.

Mongol

This quote refers to a period of peace in China under which of the following dynasties? "People enjoyed such a peace that a man might have journeyed from the land of sunrise to the land of sunset with a golden platter upon his head without suffering the least violence from anyone."

Mongol

How was the Song dynasty able to continue its prosperity despite threats from the north?

More productive farming created surplus food, which could be sold.

How did geography most affect early Japan?

Much of Japan was too mountainous to farm, so people settled in river valleys and along the coast.

How did geography affect where ancient peoples settled on the Indian subcontinent?

Settlements developed in river valleys that were fertile for farming.

To which religion does the shrine depicted in this image most likely belong?

Shinto

Which statement is true of early Southeast Asia?

Societies were built around the nuclear family.

What inference can you draw from the social structure of Tang and Song society?

The Chinese placed a high value on maintaining a well-ordered social structure.

What inference can you make about Japanese attitudes toward Korean culture in the late 1500s?

The Japanese admired Korean culture because they captured Korean artisans to bring their skills to Japan.

What occurred in 1435 that changed China's relationship with the rest of the world?

The Ming emperor prevented the building of large ships and stopped expeditions, which halted overseas exploration.

What important factor helped China reunite under a strong leader like Tang Taizong?

The leaders in the separate areas were weakened by constant warring with each other.

How did the Song dynasty survive despite military setbacks?

They encouraged innovation in technology and agriculture and supported an extensive trading system.

How does the story of the Pandavas in the Mahabharata relate to Aryan history?

The story provides a sense of the battles between rival Aryan tribes.

Which statement is an accurate summary of the general status of women in early Southeast Asia?

Women had greater equality in early Southeast Asia than elsewhere in Asia.

Which word best fits in the blank in the accompanying excerpt? "Realize that the taste of tea and the taste of ________ are the same and absorb the wind in the pines. Then your mind will be undefiled."

Zen

The most important characteristic of Chandragupta's successful Mauryan government was

a well-organized bureaucracy of qualified civil servants.

Han emperors made ________ the official belief system of the state. a) Confucianism b) Legalism c) Expansionism d) Daoism

a) Confucianism

Confucius developed a philosophy that was concerned with _______. a) ensuring social order and good government b) expanding a country's territory c) ensuring unity and a joint family structure d) ensuring that people lived in harmony with nature

a) ensuring social order and good government

This statement by King Sejong refers to a decision which eventually led to . . . "The language of this land is different from China's."

an extremely high literacy rate in Korea.

One of the most important effects of the introduction of hangul during the Choson dynasty was

an increase in the literacy rate.

What is dharma?

an individual's moral and religious duties

What was one effect of the Silk Road on China? a) Warlords used the Silk Road as a supply route during battles. b) The Silk Road promoted the exchange of goods and ideas throughout China. c) The Silk Road created a monopoly for Chinese trade. d) The Silk Road facilitated the Han policy of expansionism.

b) The Silk Road promoted the exchange of goods and ideas throughout China.

Which features acted as obstacles to outside contact with China? a) Korea, Japan, and India b) mountains, deserts, and ocean c) the Shang civilization, the Zhou civilization, and the ocean d) the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea

b) mountains, deserts, and ocean

A dynasty enjoyed the Mandate of Heaven as long as the dynasty _______. a) offered regular sacrifices to the gods b) provided good government c) followed the teachings of Confucius d) worshiped Shang Di as the supreme god

b) provided good government

Loess, or fine windblown soil that settles on the river bottom and raises the water level, has earned this river the nickname, "River of Sorrows." a) the Brahmaputra b) the Huang c) the Ganges d) the Indus

b) the Huang

How did the Tang land reform policy strengthen the central government?

by increasing revenue through more land taxes

Which word best completes the chart? Gupta - Shakuntala ? - Lessons For Women a) Maurya b) Qin c) Han d) Zhou

c) Han

Which of the following statements best reflects a Legalist point of view? a) People are evil; the ruler must be an example of goodness. b) People are good and are best ruled by a fair emperor. c) Strength is the key trait of a great ruler. Firm laws and harsh punishments keep order. d) People are greedy. Strong rulers must impose harsh punishments on criminals.

c) Strength is the key trait of a great ruler. Firm laws and harsh punishments keep order.

These coins, with the distinctive holes punched through them, date from the ________ period. a) Gupta b) Han c) Zhou d) Aryan

c) Zhou

Feudalism was a system of government in which _______. a) the dynastic cycle determined who would rule b) belief systems guided the ruler's actions c) lords governed their land but had obligations to the ruler d) rulers offered moral advice and promised a just government

c) lords governed their land but had obligations to the ruler

Which made it possible for Mongol armies to conquer Chinese walled cities?

cannons and other new weapons

Based on the quotation, the gods divided the body of the first man, Purusha, in order to _______. "When they divided Purusha, in how many different portions did they arrange him? What became of his mouth, what of his arms? What were his two thighs and his two feet called? His mouth became the Brahmin; his two arms were made into the Rajanya. . ."

create the four social groups of ancient India

The image shows ________, a medical treatment promoted by doctors during the Han period. (needles poking out of arm) a) stitches b) acupressure c) shiatsu d) acupuncture

d) acupuncture

Confucius taught that _______. a) equality for all leads to social order b) philosophy is superior to religion c) inferiors should care for their superiors d) older people are superior to younger ones

d) older people are superior to younger ones

What similarity between Sikhism and Islam is evident in the accompanying chart?

equality before God

The accompanying text defines a phenomenon that Japan is often subject to because . . . "A tsunami, also called seismic sea wave or tidal wave, is a catastrophic ocean wave, usually caused by a submarine earthquake, by an underwater or coastal landslide, or by the eruption of a volcano.

it lies in a region known as the Ring of Fire.

Which two geographical elements have had the greatest effect on Korea's development?

its mountains and its seacoast

The joint family was important to everyday Indian life because

members had specific duties that promoted the good of the whole rather than the individual.

Which term refers to seasonal winds that regularly blow across the Indian subcontinent?

monsoon

Over time, Muslims and Hindus resolved their initial conflict by

mutually influencing each other's traditions and culture.

Which term refers to the Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth?

nirvana

The text reinforces that ahimsa, a key moral principle of Hinduism, means _______.

nonviolence

This saying refers to a time when . . . "Heaven is high, and the emperor far away." -Chinese saying

peasants lived in small villages that managed their own affairs.

In the work from which this excerpt is taken, the writer . . . "Entering the empress' room and finding that ladies-in-waiting are crowded round her in a tight group, I go next to a pillar that is some distance from where she is sitting. What a delight it is when Her Majesty summons me to her side so that all the others have to make way!"

provides vivid details of court manners, amusements, decor, and dress.

The first followers of Buddhism in Korea were

rulers and nobles.

The Sikh belief system was radical for the location and time it was founded because it taught

that all people were equal in the eyes of God.

Which factor was instrumental in causing the drastic decline of Buddhism as a major religion in India?

the Muslim conquest of northern India

We know that the Indus civilization had a well-organized government because

the cities were carefully planned.

According to the map, the Vietnam kingdom occupied ________ between A.D. 939 to A.D.1883.

the coast along the South China Sea

Following what event did Shah Jahan say these words? "Empire has no sweetness, life itself has no relish left for me now."

the death of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal

The text in the accompanying excerpt reflects the Sikh emphasis on . . . "Recognize the Lord's Light within all, and do not consider social class or status; there are no classes or castes in the world hereafter."

the equality of all people in the eyes of God.

What is one of the values revealed through the Indian epics?

the importance of duty over personal desires

Which of the following is an important theme in Tang and Song paintings?

the spiritual essence of nature

What was the purpose of erecting the stone pillars marked on the map?

to offer moral advice and promise a just government

What is the final goal of Buddhists?

to reach nirvana through virtuous living and meditation