unit 5 summer u.s. history

redeemer governments

Convict labor was rented out to private business owners

true during the Progressive era

Growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices

1896 presidential campaign of William Jennings Bryan

He called for the free and unlimited coinage of silver

working classes in New York City during the early twentieth century

Many among the working classes came from southern and eastern Europe

The western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality

Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages

relationship between the government and the economy in the gilded age

Politicians of both major parties favored business and bands and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard

the impact of corporations on the American West

Scientific mining techniques introduced by corporate engineers displaced independent prospectors

scientific management

Skilled workers had littler personal autonomy under scientific management

the American federation of Labor

The AFL represented skilled workers only

Sherman Antitrust Act

The law was used infrequently and was relatively ineffective in breaking up monopolies

Populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops

They called for public ownership of the railroads

Americans drawn to the Socialist Party

The party's proposal to nationalize railroads and banks, and to provide unemployment relief, expressed popular Progressive thought

The Progressive movement drew its primary strength from

Urban middle-class reformers

"Gilded Age"

a period in which economic prosperity glossed over significant inequities

"Fordism"

an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption

progressivism

as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement

Dawes Severalty act

individual property ownership and farming on family plots

Oregon system

it instituted the initiative and referendum, which enabled voters to propose and vote on laws

Plessy v. Ferguson

it legitimized segregation if facilities provided for both races were equal

Chinese exclusion act of 1882

it represented the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the Unite States

new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century

lived in close-knit communities

electoral reform during the Progressive era

made government more responsive to the will of the people

socialist party gain significant political influence

many immigrant laborers supported its fight against economic exploitation of workers

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

moved from simply demanding prohibition to pushing for a broader program of social reform

women's suffrage movement increasingly focus its attention on a national amendment

state campaigns were difficult and often unsuccessful

Second industrial revolution

the acceleration of factory production and consolidation of business

women in the last quarter of the nineteenth century

the concept of separate spheres from the cult of domesticity was breaking down

city the focus of progressive politics

the dramatic growth of urban populations both created and highlighted problems

demand for the eight-hour day

the knights of Labor

Kansas Exodus

the migration of African-Americans to Kansas from the American South

pools

they hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors

pure food and drug act

they understood that greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales

Primary purpose of sending Native American children to the Carlisle Boarding School

to break Native American tradition and assimilate them into American society

Battle of Little Bighorn

was only a temporarily reprieve from the advance of white settlement

African-American men in the South

were forced out of local, state, and national politics

credit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring

were symptomatic of the corruption of the age

William tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor

he provided food, fuel, and patronage to then in exchange for their votes

Insular cases

held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War

Farmers believed that their plight emanated from

high freight rates charged by railroads

People's party

It was primarily an agrarian-based movement

"New immigrants"

Immigrants from southern and Eastern Europe

disenfranchisement of blacks in the south

In passing laws to restrict blacks from voting, numerous poor and illiterate whites also lost the right to vote in the South

Platt Amendment

It authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba

Civil Service Act of 1883

It created a merit system for a limited number of government workers

New south

It promised prosperity based on industrial expansion

how the other half lives

focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums