unit 5 summer u.s. history
redeemer governments
Convict labor was rented out to private business owners
true during the Progressive era
Growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices
1896 presidential campaign of William Jennings Bryan
He called for the free and unlimited coinage of silver
working classes in New York City during the early twentieth century
Many among the working classes came from southern and eastern Europe
The western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality
Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages
relationship between the government and the economy in the gilded age
Politicians of both major parties favored business and bands and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard
the impact of corporations on the American West
Scientific mining techniques introduced by corporate engineers displaced independent prospectors
scientific management
Skilled workers had littler personal autonomy under scientific management
the American federation of Labor
The AFL represented skilled workers only
Sherman Antitrust Act
The law was used infrequently and was relatively ineffective in breaking up monopolies
Populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops
They called for public ownership of the railroads
Americans drawn to the Socialist Party
The party's proposal to nationalize railroads and banks, and to provide unemployment relief, expressed popular Progressive thought
The Progressive movement drew its primary strength from
Urban middle-class reformers
"Gilded Age"
a period in which economic prosperity glossed over significant inequities
"Fordism"
an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption
progressivism
as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement
Dawes Severalty act
individual property ownership and farming on family plots
Oregon system
it instituted the initiative and referendum, which enabled voters to propose and vote on laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
it legitimized segregation if facilities provided for both races were equal
Chinese exclusion act of 1882
it represented the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the Unite States
new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century
lived in close-knit communities
electoral reform during the Progressive era
made government more responsive to the will of the people
socialist party gain significant political influence
many immigrant laborers supported its fight against economic exploitation of workers
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
moved from simply demanding prohibition to pushing for a broader program of social reform
women's suffrage movement increasingly focus its attention on a national amendment
state campaigns were difficult and often unsuccessful
Second industrial revolution
the acceleration of factory production and consolidation of business
women in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
the concept of separate spheres from the cult of domesticity was breaking down
city the focus of progressive politics
the dramatic growth of urban populations both created and highlighted problems
demand for the eight-hour day
the knights of Labor
Kansas Exodus
the migration of African-Americans to Kansas from the American South
pools
they hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors
pure food and drug act
they understood that greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales
Primary purpose of sending Native American children to the Carlisle Boarding School
to break Native American tradition and assimilate them into American society
Battle of Little Bighorn
was only a temporarily reprieve from the advance of white settlement
African-American men in the South
were forced out of local, state, and national politics
credit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring
were symptomatic of the corruption of the age
William tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor
he provided food, fuel, and patronage to then in exchange for their votes
Insular cases
held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War
Farmers believed that their plight emanated from
high freight rates charged by railroads
People's party
It was primarily an agrarian-based movement
"New immigrants"
Immigrants from southern and Eastern Europe
disenfranchisement of blacks in the south
In passing laws to restrict blacks from voting, numerous poor and illiterate whites also lost the right to vote in the South
Platt Amendment
It authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba
Civil Service Act of 1883
It created a merit system for a limited number of government workers
New south
It promised prosperity based on industrial expansion
how the other half lives
focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums