Unit 5: World War I & The Roaring '20s

Buying On Credit

*"Buy now, pay later"* mentality.

Zimmerman Telegraph

*German Foreign Office sends out message to Mexico about their hopes of forming an alliance with Mexico so that Mexico could infiltrate easily into the US border* and *help Germany to defeat the US*. The pre-Mexican territories the US had taken from Mexico would be returned to Mexico. This message was intercepted by the British who passed the message to the US. The US, as a result, was greatly angered.

What are the three (to four) reasons that the US entered WWI?

*Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, the US had loaned a lot of money (millions of dollars) to the Allies, Zimmerman's Telegraph, set an example of American freedoms and Democratic Ideals.*

What are the MAIN causes of World War I?

*M*ilitarism, *A*lliances, *I*mperialism, *N*ationalism

What contributed to the high level of carnage during World War I?

*New technology and old war tactics* blended together.

Overproduction

*Producing more than you can sell*.

Schenck v. United States Supreme Court Case Decision

-Speech may be limited if it causes *clear and present danger*. -Government feared that people would avoid war if they read Schenck's pamphlet.

Scopes Trial

A clear struggle between religion and science. A substitute teacher in Tennessee was accused of breaking fundamentalistic laws by teaching evolution.

Flapper

A woman who openly opposed traditional ways of life - seen as rebellious by society.

Setting An Example Through American Ideals & Democracy

America felt that by joining the war, we would be *teaching other countries that democracy and American ideals work*. They felt it was America's duty to show them how it's done. This was mainly felt from *Woodrow Wilson's point of view*.

Birth of Mass Culture

Americans had money to spend, which they spent on consumer goods (things the middle class were able to use).

Harlem Renaissance

An African-American cultural movement of the 1920's and 1930's, centered in Harlem, that *celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life*.

Why did crime rise in the 1920s?

As a result of the 18th Amendment (Prohibition of Alcohol), *criminals were making money doing illegal acts* of alcohol smuggling, manufacturing, etc.

Cars were being produced quicker as a result of what?

Assembly Lines (a precedent set by Henry Ford)

How did the Influenza Epidemic change the way Americans lived?

Cities *quarantined the ill* and *banned public gatherings*.

Victory Gardens, Meatless Monday Wheatless Wednesday and Gasless Sunday - these were all examples of what during World War I?

Conservation

The City after WW1

Convenient life style. Stocks bought. Consumer debt rises, which is the biggest issue for American middle class.

Self-Determination

For one/a *country to gain the ability to rule themselves*. This was subliminally expressed in Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans proclaim *unrestricted war with submarines on any ship that travels toward British ports* while still on international/neutral waters. Result that angers the US: *USS Lusitania sinking* results in 1,193 American deaths.

Trenches

Holes in the ground behind of which soldiers fought in.

Jazz

Improvisial music with European harmonies and African rhythm - part of Harlem Renaissance.

Red Scare

In 1919 & 1920, encouraged the number of nativist, or anti-immigration, hysteria.

What did the Supreme Court case of Schenck v. United States prove?

In time of war, *freedoms may be taken*.

Treaty of Versailles

It *ended the state of war* between Central and Allied Powers. *(The US did NOT sign this)*

What did the National Origins Act of 1924 do?

It *limited immigration* from East Asia and reduced the number of immigrants allowed into the United States.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian anarchists are convicted of robbery and murder with solid evidence yet corroborating their innocence. Portrays nativism feeling of the time period, after Red Scare.

Women helped the war effort by ... ?

Joining the workforce in record numbers, as men left them for war.

What was Woodrow Wilson's justification for going to war?

Keeping the world safe for democracy.

The "clear and present danger" principle stated by the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States (1919) had the effect of ... ?

Limiting freedom of speech during wartime.

Organized Crime Rise

Mafia rises to power through its success in illicit liquor trade (after Prohibition/18th Amendment). Two Important Leaders: Al Capone and George "Bugs" Moran tried killing each other, as rivals.

When war broke out in 1914, President Wilson called on Americans to ... ?

Maintain neutrality.

League of Nations

Only point (from Wilson's Fourteen Points) considered in Treaty of Versailles. Created a *world peace organization*.

The Country after WWI

Overproduction leads to poverty for farmers. When the war ends, farmers end up living in tin shacks with no electricity or running water.

The Alliance System, Militarism, Pacifism and Imperialism were all causes of World War I, EXCEPT?

Pacifism

Victory Gardens

People *grow their own food*, so that farmers could ship their food to troops and civilians in Europe.

Buying On The Margin

Purchasing an item by paying some of it and borrowing the balance from the bank. To some extent, this is a *loan*.

Selective Service Act

Required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft. In short, *established the draft*.

What did the National Origins Act of 1924 do?

Restricted immigration.

Which action by Germany prompted the United States to enter World War I the most?

Resuming unrestricted submarine warfare.

In what was there clear and present danger when a certain pamphlet was read?

Schenck v. United States case.

Which of the following is NOT an example of how citizens helped the war effort? 1) Victory Gardens 2) War Bonds 3) Propaganda in Media 4) Selective Service Act

Selective Service Act

What is "Nationalism"?

Strong, *high feelings for one's own country* and the belief that it is above all others. One puts their interests above the interests of others. Also that a specific group of people should be separated - in a separate country - from others.

Symptoms of Trench Foot

Swelling of the feet, numbness, Red and Blue skin

Which of the following represents the Red Scare? 1) Sacco and Vanzetti Trial 2) Flappers 3) Prohibition 4) The Harlem Renaissance

The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

Why did the United States refuse to join the League of Nations?

The US felt the League of Nations would threaten the ability of Congress to declare war. *It was considered unconstitutional*. The League of Nations would draw the US into war when they wanted to maintain neutrality.

US' Loaned Money to the Allied

The US had *loaned money to the Allies* and it would be in vain if the Allies lost. Therefore, the US must also help out.

At the end of the war, what two areas of the country saw different kinds of economic status?

The country and the city.

What is "Militarism"?

The feel of a country to *grow stronger by growing and/or expanding their military* in case of war.

How did the government fund the war?

They encouraged *Liberty Bonds and Savings Stamps*. The Food Administration asked people to grow their own food (in the form of *Victory Gardens)*.

During the war, the United States government did what?

They urged American citizens to help the war effort through Liberty Bonds and Victory Gardens.

Why would the United States' Congress not sign the Treaty of Versailles?

They worried that by signing the Treaty, therefore becoming a member of the League of Nations, they would be forced to get involved in foreign affairs.

What is "Imperialism"?

When a country gets more *powerful by acquiring more territories*.

Liberty Bonds (War Bonds)

When bought, one *lends money to the government*.

What is "Alliances"?

When countries *join together for the same aim* - agreeing to protect each other in case of a issue caused by an external force.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's *proposal for peace* after the war *(was NOT accepted)*.

What was the *spark that started the war*?

Young *Serbian* Gavrilo Princip *assasinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand* (heir to Austria-Hungary throne) and his wife. *Chain of alliances sparked into action*: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia (allied with Serbia) joins, Germany (allied with Austria-Hungary) joins, France (allied with Russia) joins, Britain (allied to France) joins, etc....