Unit 8

Annie experiences disorganized thinking and communicates with people who do not exist. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used to treat Annie's problems? Responses A Person-centered therapy B Cognitive behavioral therapy C Psychoanalysis D Antipsychotic medication E Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

D Antipsychotic medication

An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy Responses A requires less commitment from the client B achieves results more quickly C produces a significantly higher recovery rate D produces a higher rate of spontaneous remission E enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

E enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and Responses A acetaminophen B antianxiety drugs C beta-blockers D amphetamines E lithium carbonate

E lithium carbonate

An individual who stomps angrily out of a restaurant after being kept waiting five extra minutes for a reserved table may be exhibiting symptoms of Responses A schizophrenia B antisocial personality disorder C avoidant personality disorder D dependent personality disorder E narcissistic personality disorder

E narcissistic personality disorder

Michelle has just learned that she failed a test. Which of the following of Michelle's possible explanations for failing the test would most likely indicate that Michelle is experiencing depression? Responses A "I'm not very good at school and probably never will be." B "Probably none of the students in the class did well on this test." C "The professor in this class is the worst teacher I've ever had." D "I'm not concerned about classes that aren't in my major." E "I'll need to figure out how to study better for the next test."

A "I'm not very good at school and probably never will be."

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment? Responses A "If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing." B "My mother had a difficult childhood and has difficulty showing affection." C "There is a girl in my class who does not talk to anyone because she is shy." D "If I don't go to the mall today, then I might miss the end-of-season sales." E "My brother does not like to hang out with me because I am so much younger than he."

A "If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing."

Multiple personality is a type of Responses A dissociative disorder B schizophrenia C dementia praecox D bipolar disorder E manic-depressive psychosis

A dissociative disorder

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients Responses A focus on the significance of childhood events for current feelings of self-worth B Correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives C avoid putting themselves in risky situations D practice relaxation techniques and autohypnosis to reduce anxiety E use introspection to alleviate their feelings of self-doubt

B Correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives

Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms? Responses A Antisocial personality B Persistent depressive C Bipolar D Social anxiety E Generalized anxiety

B Persistent depressive

Jack believes that aliens are using electrical fields to steal thoughts from his head. It is most likely that Jack will be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders? Responses A Dissociative B Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic C Somatic symptom and related D Anxiety E Sleep-wake

B Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic

Aaron T. Beck would most likely Responses A endorse operant conditioning techniques B focus on unconscious, internal conflicts C focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns D use exposure therapy to reduce fear E use client-centered therapy

C focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

Many people who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder find their symptoms are reduced when they take a medication that alters their serotonin or norepinephrine levels. Their outcome supports which of the following approaches to depression? Responses A Cognitive B Psychodynamic C Sociocultural D Biological E Behavioral

D Biological

Distrust of others is symptomatic of Responses A mania B dementia C catatonia D paranoia E hebephrenia

D paranoia

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? Responses A Alex constantly wonders if he locked his door after he leaves the house for the day. B Jamie thinks that something bad will happen if she steps on sidewalk cracks. C Emily has great anxiety and concern about being contaminated by germs and diseases when in public places. D Prithi worries whether the supplies in her home office are lined up in an orderly and exact manner. E Eduardo repeatedly checks to make sure the oven is turned off throughout the night, which disrupts his sleep.

E Eduardo repeatedly checks to make sure the oven is turned off throughout the night, which disrupts his sleep.

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of Responses A phobias B schizophrenia C psychogenic amnesia D multiple personality E clinical depression

E clinical depression

In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using? Responses A Cognitive B Self-efficacy C Biomedical D Learning E Psychodynamic

A Cognitive

When community psychologists refer to primary prevention, they are describing which of the following goals? Responses A Keeping disorders from developing B Detecting and treating disorders early C Reducing the harm of psychological disorders to the individual and society D Ensuring that psychotherapy is available to all who seek it E Developing group therapies

A Keeping disorders from developing

Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways? Responses A Specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not. B Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas specific phobia is not. C Specific phobia is not very upsetting for the sufferer, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is. D Generalized anxiety disorder is not very upsetting for the sufferer, whereas specific phobia is. E Generalized anxiety disorder is classified as one of the anxiety disorders, whereas specific phobia is not.

A Specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not.

An item on a psychological test asks whether the test taker believes radio news stations are delivering special messages to the test taker that others cannot detect. Jason takes the test and answers yes to this question, because he recently detected messages to him embedded in a radio broadcast. Jason appears to be experiencing Responses A delusions of reference B catatonia C visual hallucinations D anxiety E flat affect

A delusions of reference

The role of the therapist in cognitive therapy is to Responses A identify the client's irrational beliefs and provide alternative ways of believing B provide unconditional positive regard so that the healthy growth-promoting tendencies of the client may be activated C interpret the client's dreams and guide the client through the processes of resistance and transference D provide a model of effective functioning and reinforce the client for positive changes E prescribe psychoactive drugs that can reduce the level of psychotic ideation

A identify the client's irrational beliefs and provide alternative ways of believing

After consulting psychological and medical therapists, Murray participated in a program of cognitive-behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Murray is most likely being treated for Responses A major depressive disorder B dissociative identity disorder C intellectual disability D schizophrenia E antisocial personality disorder

A major depressive disorder

Dr. Zoey believes that major depressive disorder is caused by neurotransmitter abnormalities and is most effectively treated with medication. Which of the following is a treatment approach that Dr. Zoey most likely supports? Responses A Humanistic B Biomedical C Psychodynamic D Behavioral E Cognitive

B Biomedical

The results depicted in the graph above support which of the following perspectives on the origins of abnormal behavior? Responses A Biomedical B Sociocultural C Humanistic D Psychoanalytic E Behavioral

B Sociocultural

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing Responses A tardive dyskinesia B a placebo effect C a disorder in remission D negative transference E catharsis

B a placebo effect

As a child, George often skipped school and engaged in repeated acts of vandalism and petty theft. As an adult, he has been arrested for running a dishonest investment company. The most likely diagnosis for George's current behavior is Responses A narcissistic personality disorder B antisocial personality disorder C borderline personality disorder D dissociative identity disorder E oppositional defiant disorder

B antisocial personality disorder

A goal of cognitive therapists is to help their clients Responses A understand the symbolism in their dreams B modify the irrational interpretations of their experiences C develop ego strength to resist urges from the id D experience a release of emotion after recalling a traumatic event E use rapid eye movements to reduce the effect of hurtful emotional experiences

B modify the irrational interpretations of their experiences

During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of Responses A resistance B transference C countertransference D catharsis E reaction formation

B transference

Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used? Responses A Assertiveness training B Cognitive therapy C Behavioral therapy D Humanistic therapy E Psychoanalytic therapy

C Behavioral therapy

A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality? Responses A Cognitive B Behavioral C Biomedical D Sociological E Psychoanalytic

C Biomedical

How would a clinical psychology researcher know whether client-centered therapy is effective in treating anxiety? Responses A Clients randomly assigned to be hypnotized report lower anxiety than those who are not hypnotized. B Clients test lower in anxiety after a reframing exercise than they did before the exercise. C Clients randomly assigned to be spoken to with unconditional positive regard have lower cortisol levels than those in a control group. D Clients who take benzodiazepines have lower heart rates than those who take a placebo. E Clients who engage in weekly group sessions report lower anxiety than those who have weekly solo sessions with a therapist.

C Clients randomly assigned to be spoken to with unconditional positive regard have lower cortisol levels than those in a control group.

Frank witnessed a burglary, and he felt very upset. Shortly after the event, Frank lost his ability to see. Doctors were unable to find a biological reason for his blindness. Which of the following is Frank most likely experiencing? Responses A Panic disorder B Bipolar disorder C Conversion disorder D Tardive dyskinesia E Schizophrenia

C Conversion disorder

Paula lacks self-confidence. She has a difficult time expressing disagreement with others, and she usually lets friends make decisions for her. Others have commented that they do not know who the "real" Paula is. With which of the following personality disorders might Paula be diagnosed? Responses A Histrionic B Borderline C Dependent D Passive-aggressive E Narcissistic

C Dependent

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain? Responses A Acetylcholine B Somatotropin C Dopamine D Norepinephrine E Serotonin

C Dopamine

Dr. Antonio conducted a study on a patient who was experiencing extreme depression and was suicidal. Dr. Antonio recorded the patient's thoughts and actions in an attempt to determine what thoughts most likely led to the suicidal ideation. What type of study is Dr. Antonio conducting, and what conclusion can he make? Responses A Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that certain thoughts led to suicidal ideation. B Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that certain actions led to suicidal ideation. C Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that for this patient certain thoughts are related to suicidal ideation. D Dr. Antonio is conducting a naturalistic observation, and he can conclude that for this patient certain thoughts are related to suicidal ideation. E Dr. Antonio is conducting a naturalistic observation, and he can conclude that for this patien

C Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that for this patient certain thoughts are related to suicidal ideation.

While grocery shopping, John heard voices that seemed to be narrating his every action. The voices made statements such as "Now he is picking up the bread" and "Now he is putting the bread in his shopping cart." No one else heard the voices. John has heard voices narrating his behavior on several other occasions. What is John experiencing? Responses A Illusions B Delusions C Hallucinations D Hypnosis E Grandiosity

C Hallucinations

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder? Responses A Schizophrenia B Somatic symptom C Major depressive D Antisocial personality E Specific phobia

C Major depressive

Which of the following is a type of medication that has been linked to the side effect of tardive dyskinesia? Responses A Antidepressants B Benzodiazepines C Neuroleptics D Anxiolytics E Tricyclics

C Neuroleptics

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients? Responses A Freedom of choice about the future B The uncovering of unconscious defense mechanisms C Responses that have been reinforced in the past D Early childhood conflicts E Repressed aggressive impulses

C Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following? Responses A Fugue states B Panic attacks C Schizophrenic disorders D Dissociative disorders E Affective disorders

C Schizophrenic disorders

When Betty lost her job, she kept returning to work each morning because she did not remember that she had been fired. She saw a doctor, who found no brain injury or other neurological condition that would prevent her from remembering. Which psychological disorder is Betty most likely experiencing? Responses A Bipolar disorder B Schizophrenia C Obsessive-compulsive disorder D Dissociative amnesia E Antisocial personality disorder

D Dissociative amnesia

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia? Responses A Administration of L-dopa B Prefrontal lobotomy C Psychoanalytic therapy D Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites E Drug therapy that increases the activity of limbic system neurons

D Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy? Responses A Elizabeth thinks she is never going to meet someone to date, so her therapist works with her to combat her irrational thoughts. B Jason has low self-esteem, so his therapist provides unconditional positive regard to build up his self-esteem. C Frank is angry at his father but directs the anger at his therapist, so his therapist helps him work through the transference. D Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well. E Quinn is having delusions, so his thera

D Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to use which method of treatment with their clients? Responses A Aversion therapy B Drug therapy C Free association D Rational-emotive behavior therapy E Counterconditioning

D Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders? Responses A Mood B Anxiety C Dissociative D Somatoform E Personality

D Somatoform

Which of the following types of disorders is characterized by complaints of bodily symptoms that do not have a detectable medical cause but rather are caused by psychological factors? Responses A Anxiety B Organic C Psychophysiological D Somatoform E Personality

D Somatoform

Shock is sometimes used when treating clients with a drug addiction. First, clients receive electric shocks while imagining and describing behaviors leading up to drug use. Then they visualize a drug-free condition, which is paired with the removal of the shock. The treatment technique being used is most likely Responses A psychoanalytic therapy B systematic desensitization C person-centered therapy D aversion therapy E Gestalt therapy

D aversion therapy

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by Responses A blocking receptor sites and decreasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain B blocking activity of monoamine oxidase in the brain C blocking receptor sites and decreasing the level of serotonin in the synapses D blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses E mimicking neurotransmitters in receptor sites and increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain

D blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses

In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by Responses A using unconditional positive regard B establishing anxiety hierarchies to be used in systematic desensitization C promoting transference D confronting clients with their faulty logic E providing an environment in which new behaviors and emotions can be rehearsedA using unconditional positive regard

D confronting clients with their faulty logic

For several weeks - ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues - Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. Of the following, she is most likely experiencing Responses A posttraumatic stress B mania C hypochondria D depression E fugue

D depression

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT Responses A atypical B maladaptive C inappropriate D due to inappropriate child-rearing practices E disturbing to the individual exhibiting the behavior

D due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

A critical component for labeling a person's behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must Responses A be present in other people who have already been diagnosed with a disorder B not be under the voluntary control of the person C pose a serious threat to those around the person D interfere with some aspect of the person's life E have been previously diagnosed as problematic

D interfere with some aspect of the person's life

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from Responses A anger directed toward the self and significant others B an excess of certain neurotransmitters in the brain C failure in adult love relationships D maladaptive interpretations of life events E oral fixations from disturbed mother-infant relationships

D maladaptive interpretations of life events

In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the Responses A inability of the patient to form an emotional attachment to the therapist B reluctance of the patient to bring to awareness unconscious information that has been repressed C irrational reactions of the therapist toward patients which may interfere with the effectiveness of treatment D patient's projection onto the therapist of feelings associated with significant figures in the patient's past E conscious process used by the patient to defend against unacceptable impulses toward the therapist

D patient's projection onto the therapist of feelings associated with significant figures in the patient's past

Hallucinations are characteristic of Responses A fugue B clinical depression C panic attacks D psychotic disorders E personality disorders

D psychotic disorders

Tardive dyskinesia is caused by a medication most often used to treat Responses A major depressive disorder B a specific phobia C anorexia nervosa D schizophrenia E obsessive-compulsive disorder

D schizophrenia

Trisha is afraid of leaving her house and if she attempts to walk outside, she has intense feelings of fear and panic. Trisha most likely would be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders? Responses A Somatic symptom and related B Dissociative C Obsessive-compulsive and related D Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic E Anxiety

E Anxiety

Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following? Responses A Repression of unpleasant emotions B Malfunctions of the body C Unconscious conflict D Inadequate reinforcement E Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

E Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by Responses A repressing the client's deviant thoughts B relating past events to the client's current behavior C removing the underlying causes of the client's behavioral problems D explaining the significance of the client's dreams E changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

E changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is best described as an individual who experiences Responses A memory loss B intense mood swings C extreme fear of open spaces D physical symptoms with no known cause E persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts

E persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts

The therapeutic technique that stresses that the patient should determine the course of therapy is known as Responses A flooding B rational-emotive behavior therapy C logotherapy D family therapy E person-centered therapy

E person-centered therapy