Unit 8 Nervous system

The central nervous system includes how many cranial nerves? 10 12 15 31

12

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord via the vertebral column as part of the peripheral nervous system? 12 20 31 33

31

Which plexus innervates the diaphragm? Brachial Cervical Lumbar Sacral

Cervical

Which adrenergic receptor effects occur in the peripheral blood vessels, causing vasoconstrictions? Alpha-1 Alpha-2 Beta-1 Beta-2

Alpha-1

_______ fibers carry sensory information from the periphery and back of the brain. Ascending Descending Proprioception Reticulospinal

Ascending

The fight-or-flight response is part of which nervous system? Autonomic nervous system Central nervous system Involuntary nervous system Peripheral nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Which adrenergic receptor is responsible primarily affects the lungs, causing bronchodilation? Alpha-1 Alpha-2 Beta-1 Beta-2

Beta-2

You are on the scene with a 65-year-old man who has sustained a severe laceration to the hand and lost what appears to be at least a pint of blood. The bleeding is controlled and your partner is getting a SAMPLE history while you obtain vital signs. The heart rate is 72, and you are surprised that the patient is not tachycardic until your partner tells you the patient is taking what type of medication? Alpha-blocker Alpha-stimulator Beta-blocker Beta-stimulator

Beta-blocker

You respond to a patient in a nursing home, and while getting a SAMPLE history you are told about a subarachnoid hemorrhage that occurred a few years before. Where did that hemorrhage occur? Cerebral cortex Between the arachnoid and the dura mater Between the arachnoid and pia mater Outside the ventricles of the brain

Between the arachnoid and pia mater

The brachial plexus consists of which spinal nerves? C1 to C4 C5 to T1 L1 to L4 L4 to S4

C5 to T1

_______ fibers carry motor impulses from the brain to the fibers of the peripheral nervous system. Ascending Corticospinal Descending Vestibulospinal

Descending

Neuroglia cells have a number of basic functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these functions? Protect cell membranes of neurons Facilitate electrical impulses through neurons Regulate composition of interstitial fluid Defend neural tissue from pathogens

Facilitate electrical impulses through neurons

How many basic functions do neuroglia have? Three Four Five Six

Four

The most inferior portion of the diencephalon is vital in control of many bodily functions including heart rate, digestion, and temperature regulation. What is that portion of the diencephalon called? Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal body Pons

Hypothalamus

At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, an unconscious patient who has sustained significant trauma to the head has no pupillary response when a light is shown in either eye. What cranial nerve has been affected by the head trauma? II III IV V

III

The oculomotor nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and upper lids; this nerve is also referred to as the _______ cranial nerve. II III IV V

III

The nervous system is divided into a number of systems. Which of the following is NOT one of these systems? Autonomic nervous system Central nervous system Involuntary nervous system Peripheral nervous system

Involuntary nervous system

You are on the scene with a patient who has slightly slurred speech but is responding to questions. The remainder of your assessment determines the high likelihood of a stroke. The patient has a deficit only on the right side of the body. You suspect the stroke has affected what part of the brain? Left side Right side Both right and left sides Neither side; brain stem only

Left side

What nerve innervates the diaphragm? Axillary Median Obturator Phrenic

Phrenic

On the scene of a patient with a sports injury the patient has reportedly sustained an injury to the wrist and forearm. The patient manifests a wrist drop that is a characteristic sign of injury to which nerve? Ulnar Brachial Median Radial

Radial

Myelinated nerves are surrounded by a sheath manufactured by a form of nervous tissue called _______ cells. Schwann myelin neuroeffector ganglia

Schwann

What is the gap between nerve cells called? Axon Vesicles Fissure Synapse

Synapse

A patient has signs and symptoms consistent with a stroke. While you are transporting the patient the signs and symptoms seem to be subsiding. This leads you to believe that the patient has probably sustained what type of neurologic problem? Early signs of Parkinson's disease Hemorrhagic stroke Temporary neurological paralysis Transient ischemic attack

Transient ischemic attack

Cerebral spinal fluid is manufactured in what part of the brain? Peduncles Pineal body Subarachnoid space Ventricles

Ventricles

A cholinergic fiber secretes: norepinephrine. epinephrine. nicotinic acid. acetylcholine.

acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine is normally rapidly destroyed by an enzyme called: acetylcholinesterase. acetylnorepinerase. acetylepinerase. acetylnicotinerase.

acetylcholinesterase

The _______ nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles. axillary radial ulnar median

axillary

Neurons contain projections called: synaptic terminal and synaptic cleft. fibers and sheaths. axons and dendrites. nuclei and extenders.

axons and dendrites.

Collectively, the midbrain, pons, and medulla are called the: brain stem. cerebral cortex. corpus callosum. diencephalon.

brain stem.

While working for a commercial ambulance service you are called to the business officer to go over some paperwork from a call. The administrative assistant you are meeting with complains about pain and difficulty using his hand and wrist. You ask a few questions and he tells you he uses his computer for 4 to 5 hours every day in order to type in billing information. You suspect that the problem is: Bell's palsy carpal tunnel syndrome. claw-hand response. ulnar nerve pre-paralysis.

carpal tunnel syndrome.

While relaying a call for an overdose, the dispatcher informs you that it is an insecticide overdose from what is reportedly an organophosphate compound. Your paramedic training taught you the mnemonic SLUDGE to remind you of the sign and symptoms the patient should be having when you arrive on the scene. As you go through SLUDGE you cannot remember what the "D" stands for. Your partner providers you with the correct information by telling you it stands for: dilated pupils. defecation. diaphoresis. dementia.

defecation

An area of the skin supplied by a given pair of spinal sensory nerves is called a(n): ventral root. dermatome. efferent fiber. plexus.

dermatome

The outer membrane covering of the central nervous system is called: arachnoid. pia mater. meninges. dura mater.

dura mater.

While sitting in the dayroom of your ambulance station, you observe another crew enter the room and immediately go for the coffee and donuts. To determine whether the coffee is hot, one of your colleagues touches the pot and immediately withdraws his hand, obviously answering his question. You think to yourself that you observed a(n) _______ reflex. axon extensor flexor ganglic

flexor

The spinal cord leaves the skull through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the: cauda equina. foramen magnum. occipital opening. vertebral orifice.

foramen magnum.

Numerous folds greatly increase the surface area of the cortex. These folds are called: lobes. ganglia. gyri. sulci.

gyri

Portions of the cerebrum and diencephalon influence emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure; this is called the: limbic system. dorsal root ganglia. involuntary nervous system. lateral spinothalamic sulci.

limbic system.

The inferior portion of the midbrain coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, vomiting, and coughing and is called the: cerebral cortex. cerebellar peduncles. thalamus. medulla.

medulla.

Neural tissue contain two cell types, called: axons and dendrites. Schwann cells and nodes of Ranvier. white matter and grey matter. neurons and neuroglia.

neurons and neuroglia.

Electrical impulses travel down the nerve and trigger the release of chemicals known as: receptor stimulators. limbic transmitters. neurotransmitters. diencephalons.

neurotransmitters

The _______ nervous system is responsible for slowing the heart and respiratory rate, constricting pupils and increasing digestive system activity. passive parasympathetic sympathetic involuntary

parasympathetic

The largest peripheral nerve in the body is the: phrenic nerve. sciatic nerve. musculocutaneous nerve. median nerve.

sciatic nerve.

Neurotransmitters are contained within the: synaptic cleft. synaptic vesicles. postsynaptic terminal. presynaptic terminal.

synaptic vesicles.

The V cranial nerve supplies sensation to the scalp, forehead, face, and lower jaw via three branches and provides motor innervation to the muscles of the throat and inner ear; this nerve ear is also called the _______ nerve. abducent accessory hypoglossal trigeminal

trigeminal

Bundles of myelinated nerves are referred to as: grey matter. white matter. synaptic vesicles. nodes of Ranvier.

white matter.