Unit 9: Lesson 1 - Organic Chemistry

_______ is the relationship between two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. In other words, two compounds may have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be arranged differently.

Isomerism

An atom or groups that replaces a hydrogen atom or carbon group in an organic compound is called a(n) ___________ group.

substituent

Because of its ______, carbon can form covalent bonds with up to 4 atoms.

valence electrons

The German chemist, __________, disproved the thought that all organic compounds could be produced only by living organisms.

Friedrich Wöhler

Carbon forms covalent bonds with many elements but based on the information in the lesson, it probably would NOT easily bond with:

cesium

A(n) ______________ isomer is one of a pair of isomers in which the atoms of the two molecules are arranged in the same order but with different spatial orientations.

cis-trans

The two types of isomers are:

cis-trans structural

Both chemical and molecular formulas use ______symbols and, ______ subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound. However, a molecular formula also indicates the arrangement of atoms, especially ______ groups, in a molecule.

Both chemical and molecular formulas use element symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound. However, a molecular formula also indicates the arrangement of atoms, especially substituent groups, in a molecule.

Carbon may be in isomeric compounds that have the same __________ formula but different __________ formulas or spatial orientations.

Carbon may be in isomeric compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas or spatial orientations.

​​​​_________ is the bonding together of atoms of the same element to form covalently bonded chains or rings.

Catenation

Catenation allows carbon atoms to form three types of organic molecular structures, including _______________ structures, _____________ structures, and _____________ structures, or cyclic structures.

branched-chain straight-chain ring

All organic compounds contain the element ___________.

carbon

There are three groups that contain carbon but are not organic compounds:

carbonates carbon oxides carbides

Cis-trans isomers are also called _____ isomers because their isomerism is based on the spatial orientations of the atoms in the molecule.

geometric

Which is NOT one of the reasons that carbon forms so many compounds?

ionic bonding

A structural ____________ is one of several isomers in which the atoms of each molecule are arranged in a different structural order.

isomer

A(n)____________ is one of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations.

isomer

A(n) ____________ formula, like a chemical formula, is a symbolic representation of a chemical compound that uses element symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound. However, a molecular formula also indicates the arrangement of atoms, especially substituent groups, in a molecule.

molecular

Which of the following are organic compounds?

oil DNA carbohydrates

Cis is Latin for ______ while trans means ______.

on the same side on the other side

The branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds is called __________ chemistry.

organic

In his lab, Friedrich Wöhler accidentally synthesized _________, which is produced in the human body.

urea