Unit 9 Module 52

Boez is a 2-year-old boy who is in the process of potty training. When Boez urinates in the potty, he has a sense of pride. If Boez urinates in his pants, he runs and hides. According to Erikson, in which psychosocial stage is Boez? a. Autonomy versus shame and doubt b. Initiative versus guilt c. Competence versus inferiority d. Identity versus role confusion e. Intimacy versus isolation

A

Which is true of social relations during the teen years? a. As teens distance themselves from parents, peer relationships become more important. b. High school girls who have the poorest relationships with their mothers have the most intense friendships with peers. c. Parental influence peaks during mid to late adolescence. d. Most adolescents have serious disagreements with parents, leading to great social stress. e. Teens are generally more concerned with family relationships than peer relationships.

A

According to Erikson, you develop your _____, a part of who you are, from your group memberships. a. self-interest b. social identity c. social self d. self-esteem e. self-consciousness

B

In many Western societies, it is common for adolescents to graduate high school, go to college, and still live at home with their parents. They have not yet assumed full adult responsibilities and independence. Psychologists have identified this period of time as a. adulthood. b. early adulthood. c. emerging adulthood. d. late adolescence. e. role confusion.

C

Megan, a third grader, is having trouble with math. She is starting to do poorly in other subjects, because she feels she cannot master math. Based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which stage is Megan in? a. Autonomy versus shame and doubt b. Initiative versus guilt c. Competence versus inferiority d. Identity versus role confusion e. Intimacy versus isolation

C

According to Erikson, what is the primary developmental task for adolescents? a. Trust versus mistrust b. Initiative versus guilt c. Competence versus inferiority d. Identity versus role confusion e. Intimacy versus isolation

D

Compared with the late nineteenth century, what is true about the transition from childhood to adulthood in Western cultures? a. It starts earlier and is completed earlier. b. It starts later and is completed later. c. It starts later and is completed earlier. d. It starts earlier and is completed later. e. It has not changed.

D

What is emerging adulthood? Name two trends that have led to adding this to the stages of life.

Emerging adulthood is the period in modern Western cultures during the late teens to the mid-twenties that bridges the gap between adolescent dependence and adult independence. Longer years of schooling and later age of marriage and moving out of the family home are the trends that have led to this new stage.

How has the transition from childhood to adulthood changed in Western cultures in the last century or so?

In little more than a century, the gap between puberty and adult independence has widened from about 7 years to about 12 years. This longer adolescence gives us a chance to grow up a bit more before facing the "real world," but it also comes with its share of stressors, as sexually mature teens must wait many years before achieving true independence. In Western nations, this has led to a postadolescent, not-yet-settled phase of life known as emerging adulthood.

Name and describe Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development for infancy (first year) and middle adulthood (40s to 60s).

The stage for infancy is trust vs. mistrust. If needs are dependable met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. The stage for middle adulthood is generativity vs. stagnation. Un middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack or purpose.