Unit IV Exam Review The 1980s – 1990s Chapters 12 & 13 History of Rock and Roll

Pearl Jam

Alternative/Seattle Grunge their music was in ways more similar to heavy metal, which made it easier to program on mainstream rock radio stations in the md-1990s § While central to the alt rock scene, Pearl Jam was also known for their anticommercial stance, which led them to fight against Ticketmaster § Although they eventually lost their legal battle, their efforts made them heroes in the alt movement

Groups coming out of the underground during this time:

Heavy Metal and Rap

Speed metal

Incredibly fast heavy metal - Metallica formed in Los Angeles but later moved to San Francisco and embraced Speed Metal

L.A. Metal Bands

LA had developed a reputation as a place to "make it" in the business Van Halen was one of the most successful bands from this scene

Quiet Riot

LA metal band Cum on Feel the Noize - popular song that was a cover of rock band Slade a decade earlier originally did not want to rerecord the song but it ended up going number five on the singles chart and became a staple on FM Radio

Guns N' Roses

- came out of LA metal scene to become mainstream stars, - music focused on drug and alcohol abuse and urban chaos - Axl Rose - lead singer, large vocal range - SHORT LIVED BUT HIGHLY SUCESSFUL - Sweet Child O Mine (thor love and thunder trailer song)

New Wave of British Heavy Metal

-Judas Priest -Def Leppard -Iron Maiden

"Walk this Way"

-Run-D.M.C./Aerosmith; crossover, height of commercialization period on MTV, competition (whether rap/hip-hop is legitimate) -Aerosmith = rock so helped legitimize hip-hopj;

Motley Crue

80s, Shout at the Devil (gives a good example of the guitar driven pop-orientated style that many bands had adopted at this time group used fog, fiery explosions and other atmospheric effects that were used regularly used by other metal bands

hardcore

A derivative of 70s punk that was faster, heavier, and controversial while it was never successful on the national charts, this music was partially responsible for the infrastructure that supported alternative rock in the 1990s.

Hair Bands

A subset of heavy metal that featured men with long hair, glam elements such as brightly-colored clothing and make-up. Poison's "Every rose has it's thorn" is a prime example of the power ballad genre that become popular with metal bands during this time

College Rock

Athens, GA R.E.M. college radio stations and towns, indie labels

Beck

Beck Hansen successfully transitioned from an indie label to a major label § Beck's music combines a lo-fi approach with a variety of stylistic influences including hip-hop, country rock, soul, and classical, as in "Loser" (p. 492) § Much like R.E.M. and Nirvana, Beck maintained an indie aesthetic while transitioning into the mainstream

The first American heavy Metal group to reach megastar status was

Bon Jovi - led by John Bon Jovi

Lifehouse and Creed

Both produced alternative rock songs alluding to Christian theology.

California alt bands

Faith no More The Red Hot Chili Peppers

Afrika Bambaataa

Founder of Zulu Nation - gang-like organization which sought to build a sense of fraternity AMONG HIP HOP ARTISTS and to bring crime down in New York

Twin Cities Punk

Minnesota-based hardcore scene shied away from aggressive rants and produced accessible music with a melodic foundation § Hüsker Dü and the Replacements were the two bands most representative of this scene

Heavy Metal Origins & Influences

Most writers today cite Black Sabbath as the earliest form of heavy metal. whose driving riffs, dark themes and extended guitar solos were an important influence3 45for later metal ban

Led by singer-songwriter-guitarist Kurt Cobain

Nirvana quickly attained stardom despite Cobain's rejection of the rock industry apparatus, which is thought to have contributed to Cobain's suicide in1994 § "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (p. 474) is are presentative example of Nirvana's style, exhibiting a "calculated carelessness" that moves from mellow verses to an aggressive chorus

Nirvana

Nirvana's second album, Nevermind, and the single "Smells Like Teen Spirit" were hits in both the United States and the UK in 1991 § Nirvana was one of the most significant of the grunge bands to come out of Seattle in the early 1990s.

Gangsta Rap

Originally popularized by West Coast rappers in the 1980s, often containing "hardcore" rap lyrics related to gangs, gang members and their lifestyle Graphic and Angry approach

Kool Herc

Pioneering hip-hop DJ who first adapted the technique of "mixing" between two turntables to the hip-hop aesthetic.

Early Rap Heroes

RUN DMC and LL Cool j helped define the hip hop look of gold chains and name brand styles

Mtv played an important role in introducing both of these styles to larger audiences

Rap and Heavy metal/ MTV

Beastie Boys

The first commercially successful white act in hip-hop. Their early recordings represent a fusion of the youth-oriented rebelliousness of hardcore punk rock—the style they began playing in 1981—with the sensibility and techniques of hip-hop. one of the first groups to use digital sampling technology

The Red Hot Chili Peppers albums/music

The group's second album was produced by George Clinton and in 1989 they released a cover of Stevie Wonder's "Higher Ground" § They had commercial success beginning in 1991and their innovative videos became staples on MTV, as with "Give It Way" (p. 477)

Ice - T

Tracy Marrow also known as Ice - T would become one of the most important West Coast Rappers in the late 80s/90s

Bon Jovi

Used a positive message in their songs. - pop orientated songs that were still metal - fans were working class youth Americana cannected them with Bruce Springsteen Livin on a prayerrrr!!!!!!!!!

break spinning

When DJ repeats a short phrase by spinning one record backwards while the other record is playing

N.W.A

a group that brought an even angrier approach to rap and created controversy in the process got FBI complaints against F the Police oddly... the largest group of fans were white listeners from the Midwest

Ani DiFranco

acted as her own song writer, performer, and producer, and resisted offers from major labels to release music on her own indie label, Righteous Babe

The red hot chili peppers

also did not fit neatly into the alt rock template and were influenced by funk as well as punk, which is especially evident in the play of the group's bassist, Flea

Grunge

an alt rock subculture that fused elements of punk and heavy metal, featuring angst-filled lyrics that were often introspective in nature

Hip Hop Culture

began in New York in the late 70s, includes rapping, MCing, graffiti, breakdancing, fashion, slang.

Ska Revival

beginning in the mid-1990sproduced several successful bands which mixed elements of laid-back beach music, hip hop, and traditional Jamaican music- No Doubt. - also sublime

Alt-Country

blending country music with rock goes back to the second half of the 1960s, the band Uncle Tupelo helped spark the alt-country movement by blending country and indie rock

Lifehouse

breakout hit, "Hanging by a Moment" (2000), paid clear homage to Nirvana, but their lyrics reflected the band's history of playing in churches

Korn

brought the sound of the seven-string electric guitar into rap rock, which, by adding a string below the lowest note of a conventional guitar, gave greater possibilities for heavier, more angular riffs, as in "Falling Away From Me"

Industrial Rock

can be traced to British bands of the mid-1970s Heavily imbued with concept art and anti-conformity, the style blended electronic sources with live performance that aimed to be avant-garde and disturbing

British Metal Bands

chose to return to heavy rock and roll and they were often from working class sections of England - Black Sabbath and Ozzy Osbourne were both mainstream successes on the rock charts - Black Sabbath fired Ozzy for being too much of a freaking mess to keep around

Rapper's Delights Success

demonstrated to the music industry that the hip hop experience could be transferred to recordings Sugar Hill went on to become the most important rap label of the early 1980s

Heavy Metal

developed out of the harder, more aggresive styles of rock from the 60s/70s including garage rock and progressive psychedelia

Pavement

espoused a slacker aesthetic featuring half-sung, half-spoken lyrics accompanied by heavy guitar and loose backing groove, as in "Silence Kid"

DJ Turntable Techniques

first hip hop DJs used Jamaican Dj techniques to play records at neighborhood parties with their own sound systems

Rappers Delight

first hip hop single released by Sugar Hill Records which reached no4 on the charts

Faith No More

formed in San Francisco in 1992and had an eclectic style more akin to the comic irreverence of Frank Zappa than the angry rebelliousness of The Sex Pistols, as in their hit "Epic"

fear

group known for an infamous 1981 performance on SNL

Los Angeles was a center for

hardcore music in the 1980s as the home of the groups Fear, X, the Germs, the Circle Jerks, and Black Flag

Washington dc

hardcore scene was unique because of the stances on social and political issues taken by bands such as Bad Brains, Teen Idles, and Minor Threat in their music § Rather than anarchy, many of these groups advocated for social tolerance and intellectual debate

Heavy metal fans were called _____________

headbangers - fans were often stereotyped as unsophisticated and assumed that fans were white blue-collar workers

Similar to punk....

heavy metal bands rejected the status quo, which fans embraced as a mark of authenticity

Rage Against the Machine

incorporated rapped vocals into a hard rock context. Taking a cue from Faith No More and The Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine combined hard rock with politically-charged rapped vocals § "Bulls on Parade", from 1996, incorporates a career-defining guitar solo by Tom Morello that replicates the sound of a record scratching

Lo-fi aesthetic

indie groups embraced their lack of access to good recording facilities and rejected elements of mainstream" professionalism" by opting for a lo-fi aesthetic

Marilyn Manson

industry rock Manson included vulgar, grotesque, and satanic content on his albums

Run-DMC

influential group that has a crossover hit with the single "Rock Box" - played on MTV

Green Day

labled as pop punk Green Day's "When I ComeAround" (p. 479) is a good example of how the group blended power chords with a strong pop melodic sensibility, while their ballad "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)", shows the softer side of their music

Public Enemy

led by Chuck D and Flavor Flav, built on the rhythmic style of Run-DMC and the social and political approach of BDP. The group had significant crossover success and was one of the most influential groups in rap.

Indie Rock

less commercial rock music, which appeals chiefly to college students and twentysomethings

the indie rock movement included _______ women's perspectives than mainstream rock

more

Creed

music more directly alluded to Christian theology, as in "Higher" § Their best-known song, "With Arms Wide Open" (2000), depicts the perspective of a new father

Seattle bands

nirvana, pearl jam

Alternative Rock

nonmainstream rock music, which includes many types of experimental music and some forms of punk and grunge

Rap Origins

originated in NYs African American and Latino communities in the late 70's

Alt's rock's rise can be seen in many ways as a

parallel to the rise of punk in the 1970s

Punch Phrasing

punching in short musical segments from one record onto the beat from another record.

scratching

rotating a record in both directions quickly and repeatedly to create distinctive rhythms

Elliot Smith'

songs often featured him self playing all of the instruments on primitive equipment, creating a homemade atmosphere§ Several of his songs were featured on the soundtrack to the movie Good Will Hunting, including "Miss Misery", which earned him an Academy Award nomination

Heavy Metal title

the phrase heavy metal appears in Steppenwolf's 1968 hit "Born to be Wild"

Cross Fades

transitional effects for moving from one turntable to another

Liz Phair

was a Chicago-based artist whose 1993 album Exile in Guyville established her reputation in the indie scene with songs such as "F*ck and Run"

Nine Inch Nails

was the first to bring industrial to a mainstream rock audience, and often explored dark themes, as in their hit, "Hurt"

no doubt

was the ska revival band that made the biggest impression on the main stream with albums that sold in the tens of millions § Hits like "Just a Girl" (1995) helped to make lead singer Gwen Stefani a household name and fashion icon