unit v
what best characterizes intensive commercial agriculture? a. commercial agriculture dominates in MDCs b. due to globalization and competition, profit margins have decreased c. farmers must specialized or order to stay competitive d. farmers are part of a complex and highly integrated system called agribusiness e. all of the above
e
all of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except a. dairy b. truck farming c. mixed crop and livestock d. horticulture e. paddy rice farming
e
pastoral nomadism is a threated way of life because... a. of competition for resources b. the nomads often cross international borders c. it is not an economically viable livelihood d. increased population pressures e. all of the above
e
the most practiced economic activity in the world is...
intensive subsistence agriculture
The modern definition of agriculture includes...
the deliberate domestication of plants and animals.
which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths? A. Ester Bosrup B. Carl Sauer C. Heinrich von Thunen D. Walter Christaller E. William Burgess
B.
which type of diffusion is most closely associated with the Columbian Exchange?
Relocation diffusion.
all of the following are true regarding contemporary hunting and gathering societies except: a. their way of life is preserved by many governments b. they tend to be isolated from modern societies c. they provide insight into prehistoric cultures d. they exist in the Arctic, the interior of Africa, Australia, and South America. e. their numbers are rapidly declining.
a
pastoral nomads do not typically herd a. cattle b. llamas c. sheep d. goats e. camels
a
pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by. a. overgrazing b. using poor cultivation techniques c. moving animals frequently d. all of the above e. a and b only
a
____________ did not contain an agricultural hearth. a. Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. South America e. Middle America
a.
herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice. a. transhumance b. seasonal variation. c. swidden agriculture d. livestock ranching e. extensive subsistence agriculture
a.
livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both. a. exist in environments too harsh for crop production b. suffer from low wages c. rely on the same animals for their livelihood d. flourish in Central Asia e. suffer from undue government regulations
a.
subsistence agriculture dominates in. a. less-developed countries b. more developed countries c. mid-latitude climates d. newly-industrialized countries e. none of the above.
a.
technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is. a. irrigation b. precision agriculture techniques c. biotechnology d. advancements in pesticide research e. all of the above
a.
the agricultural practice most commonaly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is... a. paddy rice farming b. swidden agriculture c. plantation agriculture d. market gardening e. none of the above
a.
the percentage of the labor force in the united states that works directly in agriculture is. a. 2-5% b. 5-7% c. 7-9% d. 10-12% e. 13-15%
a.
the primary purpose of commericial agriculture is to. a. make a profit b. produce a superior product c. produce a product in a sustainable manner d. provide jobs for a large percentage of the population e. sustain the rural way of life
a.
what activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture? a. wheat and grain farming b. livestock ranching c. banana plantations in latin america d. mixed crop and livestock operations in Iowa e. a and b only
a.
All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except. a. pastoral nomadism b. truck farming c. shifting cultivation d. swidden agriculture e. intensive rice farming
b.
the second agricultural revolution coincided with... a. the Enlightenment b. the Industrial Revolution c. Imperialism d. the Age of Revolutions e. the first wave of European migration
b.
what area of the world first incorporated domestication of both plants and animals? a. Ethiopian Highlands b. Southwest Asia c. Southeast Asia d. East Asia e. Middle America
b.
which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture? a. swidden and dairy b. slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding c. shifting cultivation and livestock ranching d. livestock ranching and slash and burn agriculture e. nomadic herding and plantation agriculture
b.
why do societies practicing shifting cultivation only farm the same plot of land for one to two years? a. shifting cultivation depletes nutrients from the soil faster then other methods. b. tropical soils are nutrient poor c. pressure from the government keeps tribes moving. d. since they don't own the land, tribes must keep shifting location. e. all of the above
b.
humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in... a. shifting cultivation b. hunting and gathering c. pastoral nomadism d. hunting big game animals e. slash and burn cultivation techniques
b. hunting and gathering
all of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except a. over harvesting of ocean fisheries b. contribution to the urban heat island effect c. dofrestation d. erosion of top-soil e. chemical contamination of drinking water
b.contribution to the urban island effect.
Agriculture first diffused to Europe from... a. North Africa b. South Asia c. Southwest Asia d. West Africa e. Southeast Asia
c.
Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of... a. South Asia b. East Asia c. South America d. North Africa e. Central Asia
c.
all of the following were vegetative planting (root crop) hearths except: a. West Africa b. Southeast Asia c. Southwest Asia d. Peruvian Highlands e. All of the above.
c.
extensive subsistence agriculture predominates. a. tropical rain forests b. sub-tropical areas c. semi-arid deserts d. deserts e. all of the above
c.
pastoral nomadism is still a dominant way of life many parts of... a. western united states b. central australia c. central asia d. west africa e. central america
c.
the process by which people engaged in shifting cultication plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called... a. ridge tillage b. swidden agriculture c. intertillage d. shifting cultivation e. subsistence agriculture
c.
what agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land? a. four-field crop rotation system b.intertillage c. double cropping d. swidden agriculture e. slash and burn agriculture
c.
which pairing of animal(s) and region is not correct? a. water buffalo, pig, and chicken-Southwest Asia. b. Llama and alpaca-South America c. Cattle-South Asia d. Goat and Sheep- Southwest Asia e. All of the above
c.
all of the following are aspects of commerical agriculture except: a. a heavy reliance on machinery b. the product is consumed off the farm c. there is little relationship to other businesses d. a small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture e. the average size of farms is hundreds of acres
c..
According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication? a. the process was gradual b. a number of independent hearths were established c. hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity d. all of the above e. none of the above
d.
Europeans evolved from farming a single field in early medieval times to rotating crops into how many different sections or fields by the 18th century? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five
d.
all of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except... a. they consume mostly grains rather than meat b. they trade meat and skins for grains c. they stay in one place when rainfall is plentiful d. they only consume animal products and animal by-products e. they primarily depend on animals for their survival.
d.
all of the following are characteristics of shifting cultivation except... a. people usually live in small villages. b. farmers clear land using a slash (vegetation) and burn (debris) technique. c. crops are grown on land until the nutrients in the soil are depleted. d. primogentric land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies. e. farmers usually return to the same area approximately twenty years later.
d.
growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of. a vegetative planting market gardening c. extensive commercial agriculture d. subsistence agriculture e. none of the above
d.
shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because of... a. competition for resources from logging and mining companies. b. population increase c. modern technology makes the practice obsolete d. a and b only e. none of the above
d.
what geographical factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for agriculture? a. soil quality b. precipitation levels c. climate region d. distance to the market e. price of land
d.
which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia? a. water buffalo, pig, and chicken b. Llama and alpaca c. Cattle Camel, and goat d. sheep and goat e. yak and horse
d.
Agriculture is affected by all of the following except: a. cultural taboos b. distance to the market c. political policies d. level of economic development e. all of the above
e.
How did the second agricultural revolution improve agricultural production? a. the four-field system increased yields and soil fertility b. new technologies such as the drill press increased production c. the enclosure movement encouraged the use of machinery d. advances in breeding livestock increased production of meat and dairy e. all of the above
e.
The Enclosure movement altered the geography and agricultural practices of rural England by... a. consolidating oddly shaped fields. b. encouraging the use of more farm machinery c. displacing farmers d. all of the above e. A and B only
e.
The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is. a. where the product is consumed b. that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit c. that land ownership in subsistence agricultural communities is often communal. d. that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family. e. all of the above
e.
What was the advantage of domesticating animals? a. animals provided meat b. animals provided milk c. animals provided furs and skins d. animals were beasts of burden e. all of the above
e.
another term for pastoral nomadism is a. extensive subsistence agriculture b. nomadic herding c. livestock ranching d. grain agriculture e. a and b only
e.
pastoral nomads predominate in... a. semi-arid deserts b. deserts c. subtropical grasslands d. tropical rainforest. e. a and b only
e.
strategies used to increase the supply of food for a country could include. a. putting more land into production b. increasing the yield of land under cultivation. c. identifying new food sources d. increasing food imports e. all of the above
e.
swidden agriculture refers to... a. clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques b. only farming cleared land for one to two years. c. terracing steep hillsides for agricultural purposes. d. all of the above. e a and b only
e.
what conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution? a. advancements in agricultural production helped feed the expanding population b. technological advancements helped increase agricultural production c. transportation improvements made more food available to urban populations. d. none of the above e A and B only.
e.
which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the invention of agriculture? a. the process was gradual b. there were multiple hearths throughout the world c. the process was a sudden response to extreme environmental changes d. humans did little experimentation with plant domestication. e. A and B.
e.
agriculture is associate with which economic sector?
primary sector of the economy.