UNT A&P 2302 Chapter 17 Review

During erythroblastosis fetalis, a Rh- mother's anti-Rh antibodies that have crossed the placenta will cause agglutination of the fetus's Rh+ RBCs. However, the reverse problem never happens when a Rh+ mother is pregnant with a Rh- fetus, that is, antibodies produced by the fetus cannot cause agglutination of the mother's Rh+ RBCs. This is true because ______. A) agglutinins are physically too large to pass across the placenta B) fetal antibodies are immature and non-functional C) antibodies that can cause this agglutination are not produced by a fetus D) the placenta is a barrier that prevents the passage of all antigens

C) antibodies that can cause this agglutination are not produced by a fetus

The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the __________. A) ESR B) red blood cell count C) hematocrit D) reticulocyte count

C) hematocrit

The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is ________. A) hemoglobin A B) hemoglobin B C) hemoglobin F D) hemoglobin S

C) hemoglobin F

Thromboembolic disorders ________. A) result in uncontrolled bleeding B) include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vessel C) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system D) are caused by vitamin K deficiency

C) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte? A) it has a nucleus B) it has a mitochondria C) it has a biconcave disc shape D) it is composed mostly of albumin and water

C) it has a biconcave disc shape

Erythropoietin is made primarily by the __________. A) pancreas B) spleen C) kidneys D) pituitary gland

C) kidneys

Overproduction of white blood cells is called __________. A) leukopenia B) leukopoiesis C) leukocytosis D) polycythemia

C) leukocytosis

In a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy, the decision to utilize a CSF capable of specifically stimulating the production of only the granular leukocytes would require that the CSF acts exclusively on ______. A) lymphoid stem cells B) myeloid stem cells C) myeloblasts D) lymphoblasts

C) myeloblasts

Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood? A) anti-A antibodies B) anti-B antibodies C) neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies D) both anti-B and anti-A antibodies

C) neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways? A) one involves calcium ions while the other does not B) one is triggered by tissue damage while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage C) one is faster than the other D) one leads to the production of prothrombin activator and the other does not

C) one is faster than the other

Blood volume restorers include all of the following except ________. A) dextran B) albumin C) packed cells D) saline solutions

C) packed cells

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. A) aplastic anemia B) polycythemia C) pernicious anemia D) sickle-cell anemia

C) pernicious anemia

Which of the following is a protective function of blood? A) transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target tissues B) delivering oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues C) preventing infection D) maintaining normal body temperature E) maintaining normal pH in the body

C) preventing infection

Which of the following is a function of basophils? A) mount immune response B) transport blood gases C) release histamine during allergic reaction D) kill parasites E) phagocytize bacteria

C) release histamine during allergic reaction

The process of actively metabolizing oxygen by neutrophils to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as __________. A) amoeboid movement B) chemotaxis C) the respiratory burst D) diapedesis

C) the respiratory burst

Which of these is not a normal plasma protein? A) fibrinogen B) gamma globulin C) thromboplastin D) albumin

C) thromboplastin

Together, leukocytes and platelets comprise approximately ________ percent of total blood volume. A) 1 B) 75 C) 45 D) 10

A) 1

Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrinogen → fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin → thrombin A) 3, 4, 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 4, 3, 1, 2 D) 3, 2, 1, 4

A) 3, 4, 1, 2

Which of the following are not currently known red blood cell antigens? A) Carson B) Lewis C) Kell D) Duffy

A) Carson

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? A) Kidney B) Brain C) Liver D) Pancreas

A) Kidney

Which of the following is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting? A) The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor. B) The extrinsic pathway does not involve calcium ions. C) The extrinsic pathway is slower than the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting. D) The extrinsic pathway is independent of procoagulants.

A) The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.

Fredʹs blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. B) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. C) His blood lacks Rh factor. D) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.

A) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? A) They are nucleated. B) They have cytoplasmic granules. C) They are phagocytic. D) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood

A) They are nucleated.

Select the correct statement regarding age-related blood disorders. A) They include anemias and thromboembolic disorders. B) They are usually the result of the red blood cells wearing out. C) Increased incidence of leukemia is not usually associated with aging. D) They are caused by abnormal forms of hemoglobin F.

A) They include anemias and thromboembolic disorders.

Which property do white blood cells have in common? A) WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function B) all WBCs have a phagocytic function C) WBCs transport oxygen D) all WBCs are granulocytes

A) WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function

Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by __________. A) an Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy B) a loss of blood by the fetus C) a malfunction of the thymus during fetal development D) an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the newborn

A) an Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy

Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) eosinophils D) neutrophils E) monocytes

A) basophils

An individual who is blood type AB negative ________. A) can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen B) can donate to all blood types in moderate amounts C) can receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O D) can donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O

A) can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

Athletes who choose to use industry-produced EPO as a performance-enhancing drug to increase the effects of their naturally-produced EPO, will experience ______. A) decreased production of EPO by their kidneys B) decreased erythropoiesis C) decreased reticulocyte counts D) none of the listed responses is correct

A) decreased production of EPO by their kidneys

The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called __________. A) diapedesis B) leukocytosis C) transcytosis D) active transport

A) diapedesis

The final step in clot formation is __________. A) fibrinogen ---> fibrin B) platelet plug formation C) formation of prothrombin activator D) the release of chemical platelets E) prothrombin ---> thrombin

A) fibrinogen ---> fibrin

The slowest step in the clotting process is ________. A) formation of prothrombin activator B) production of fibrin strands C) binding fibrin strands D) release of PF3

A) formation of prothrombin activator

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? A) hyperventilating B) testosterone C) a drop in normal blood oxygen levels D) erythropoietin

A) hyperventilating

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? A) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells B) decreased tissue demand for oxygen C) an increased number of RBCs D) moving to a lower altitude

A) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells

Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. A) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss B) suppressed immunity C) impaired formation of all formed elements D) bleeding disorders

A) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. A) monocytes B) basophils C) eosinophils D) neutrophils

A) monocytes

Which of the following is correctly matched? A) pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency B) hemorrhagic anemia: red blood cells rupture C) aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss D) hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake

A) pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

Which of the following is a function of neutrophils? A) phagocytize bacteria B) mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies C) release histamine and other mediators of inflammation D) seal small tears in blood vessels E) kill parasitic worms

A) phagocytize bacteria

Which of the following is a protective function of blood? A) prevention of blood loss B) maintenance of adequate fluid volume C) maintenance of normal pH in body tissue D) maintenance of body temperature

A) prevention of blood loss

Platelets ________. A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break B) have a life span of about 120 days C) are the precursors of leukocytes D) have multiple nuclei

A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break

Which term describes a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel? A) thrombus B) hemophilia C) embolus D) thrombocytopenia

A) thrombus

Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes? A) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide B) phagocytize bacteria C) mount immune response D) release histamine E) kill parasitic worms

A) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Dissolved proteins are an important part of blood clotting. A) true B) false

A) true

Each hemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains: two alpha chains and two beta chains. A) true B) false

A) true

Formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. A) true B) false

A) true

Hemoglobin is the protein that makes red blood cells red. A) true B) false

A) true

One of the regulatory functions of blood is to maintain normal temperatures in body tissues. A) true B) false

A) true

Plasma contains water, proteins, nutrient molecules, and hormones. A) true B) false

A) true

Reticulocytes are sometimes found in circulating blood and are filled with hemoglobin and some ribosomes. A) true B) false

A) true

When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, it becomes oxyhemoglobin. A) true B) false

A) true

All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________. A) vascular spasm B) vitamin K deficiency C) severe hypocalcemia D) liver disease

A) vascular spasm

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end? A) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation B) coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation C) vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation D) platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, coagulation

A) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what makes up the buffy coat? A) white blood cells and platelets B) platelets only C) red blood cells D) plasma

A) white blood cells and platelets

The universal recipient blood type is ________.

AB

Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the __________ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. A) K B) D C) E D) C

B) D

________ is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting. A) PGI2 B) PF3 C) Thrombin D) Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator)

B) PF3

Which of the following plasma expanders would be associated with the LEAST complications? A) dextran B) Ringer's solution C) hetastarch D) human serum albumin

B) Ringer's solution

Mast cells are most similar to which type of leukocyte? A) lymphocytes B) basophils C) monocytes D) neurtrophils E) eosinophils

B) basophils

Another term for reduced hemoglobin is __________. A) hemoglobin S B) deoxyhemoglobin C) oxyhemoglobin D) carbaminohemoglobin

B) deoxyhemoglobin

Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms, destroys antibody complexes, and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy? A) lymphocytes B) eosinophils C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) basophils

B) eosinophils

Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? A) thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets B) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) C) a defect in the clotting cascade D) vitamin K deficiency

B) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus. A) true B) false

B) false

Blood cell formation is referred to as hemostasis. A) true B) false

B) false

Blood is NOT important in the regulation of the body's pH. A) true B) false

B) false

Eosinophils are erythrocytes that fight parasitic infection or allergic reaction. A) true B) false

B) false

Hemoglobin serves to transport oxygen, but NOT carbon dioxide. A) true B) false

B) false

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby. A) true B) false

B) false

The RBC count in both men and women is between 5.1 and 5.8 million per microliter of blood. A) true B) false

B) false

The buffy coat in centrifuged blood contains RBC and platelets. A) true B) false

B) false

The most abundant component of plasma is protein. A) true B) false

B) false

Vitamin D is essential for the synthesis of RBC. A) true B) false

B) false

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? A) vascular spasm B) fibrinolysis C) platelet plug formation D) coagulation

B) fibrinolysis

One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of __________ oxygen molecules. A) two B) four C) six D) eight

B) four

Blood type is determined by __________. A) antibodies present on the surface of erythrocytes B) glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes C) antibodies present in the plasma D) glycoproteins present in the plasma

B) glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes

Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with __________. A) mitochondria B) hemoglobin molecules C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosomes E) nuclei and all other cellular organelles

B) hemoglobin molecules

Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin? A) it acts as a carrier molecule B) it serves an immune system function C) it contributes to plasma osmotic pressure D) it acts as a blood buffer

B) it serves an immune system function

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________. A) high hematocrit B) low blood viscosity C) increased blood volume D) high blood pressure

B) low blood viscosity

Platelets are derived from __________. A) monocytes B) megakaryocytes C) lymphocytes D) band cells

B) megakaryocytes

As red blood cells age ________. A) ATP production increases B) membranes ʺwear outʺ and the cells become damaged C) they will eventually be excreted by the digestive system D) iron will be excreted by the kidneys

B) membranes ʺwear outʺ and the cells become damaged

Which of the following is a precursor of a basophil? A) megakaryoblast B) myeloblast C) lymphoblast D) monoblast

B) myeloblast

Which leukocyte functions in phagocytizing bacteria? A) basophil B) neutrophil C) eosinophil D) lymphocyte

B) neutrophil

Erythropoiesis is best defined as __________. A) platelet production B) red blood cell production C) albumin production D) leukocyte production

B) red blood cell production

Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have which type of anemia? A) renal anemia B) sickle-cell anemia C) aplastic anemia D) iron-deficiency anemia E) hemorrhagic anemia

B) sickle-cell anemia

Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the __________. A) liver B) spleen C) intestines D) kidneys

B) spleen

What is the average normal pH of blood? A) 8.4 B) 7.8 C) 7.4 D) 4.7

C) 7.4

Which of the following is true about blood plasma? A) It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins. B) The main protein component is hemoglobin. C) It is about 90% water. D) It contains about 20 dissolved components.

C) It is about 90% water.

Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation. A) The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver. B) Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation. C) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life. D) Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation.

C) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.

What is an embolus? A) an anticoagulant B) a stroke C) a blood clot that has broken loose and is floating freely in the bloodstream D) a protein in the coagulation pathway

C) a blood clot that has broken loose and is floating freely in the bloodstream

The most abundant plasma protein is ________. A) globulin B) clotting protein C) albumin D) bile

C) albumin

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to osmotic pressure? A) beta globulins B) fibrinogen C) albumin D) alpha globulins

C) albumin

Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters? A) they carry 20% of the carbon dioxide released by tissues back to the lungs B) they represent most of the formed elements in the blood C) the don't contain a nucleus D) the generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry

D) the generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry

Pernicious anemia may result from __________. A) excessive bleeding B) abnormal production of hemoglobin caused by genetic defect C) rupture of red blood cells caused by parasites D) the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12 E) the absence or depressed synthesis of globin chains

D) the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12

Diapedesis refers to __________. A) the type of movement erythrocytes use in the tissue spaces B) the secretion of chemicals that trigger the inflammatory process C) the chemical attraction leukocytes use to reach the site of tissue damage D) the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces E) the engulfing of foreign bodies by leukocytes

D) the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces

Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by ________. A) travel at high altitude B) vigorous exercise C) malaria and travel at high altitude D) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise

D) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise

James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________. A) above normal B) normal only if James is an infant C) abnormally low D) within the normal range

D) within the normal range

A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is __________. A) angiotensinogen B) fibrin C) globulin D) fibrinogen E) albumin

E) albumin

The most numerous leukocyte is the __________. A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) basophil D) eosinophil E) neutrophil

E) neutrophil

The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to __________. A) platelets B) thrombocytes C) white blood cells D) leukocytes E) red blood cells

E) red blood cells

Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT? A) platelets are essential for the clotting process B) platelets contain serotonin, ADP, calcium, and PDGF C) the formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin D) platelets are fragments of a larger cell called a megakaryocyte E) the life span of platelets is between 30 to 60 days

E) the life span of platelets is between 30 to 60 days

The potent platelet aggregate that attracts more platelets to the site of an injury is ________.

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called ________.

aplastic anemia

________ is an antiprostaglandin drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 formation (platelet plug formation).

aspirin

The rarest leukocyte is the ________.

basophil

The formed element ________ can kill parasitic worms

eosinophil

Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.

four

When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called ________.

macrophages

A ________ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell which produces neutrophils.

myeloblast

________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected.

normoblast

Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 2, 1, 3, 4 D) 2, 4, 3, 1

D) 2, 4, 3, 1

The shelf life of whole collected blood at 4° C is about ________ days. A) 206 B) 120 C) 55 D) 35

D) 35

A healthy adult male has approximately __________ liters of blood. A) 1-2 B) 2-3 C) 3-4 D) 5-6 E) 7-8

D) 5-6

Which of the following is considered a type of lymphocyte? A) neutrophil B) macrophage C) basophil D) B cell

D) B cell

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? A) A+ female pregnant with a B- baby B) O+ female pregnant with a B+ baby C) AB- female pregnant with an AB- baby D) B- female pregnant with an AB+ baby

D) B- female pregnant with an AB+ baby

When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type ________. A) A B) B C) AB D) O

D) O

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal donor? A) B B) AB C) A D) O

D) O

Which blood type is called the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O

D) O

The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains __________. A) plasma B) RBCs C) serum D) WBCs

D) WBCs

Which type of anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses? A) renal anemia B) pernicious anemia C) iron-deficiency anemia D) aplastic anemia

D) aplastic anemia

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes? A) carry oxygen B) produce albumin C) maintain body temperature D) destruction of virus-containing cells E) regulate pH

D) destruction of virus-containing cells

Choose the compatible transfusion. A) donate type A blood to a recipient with type B blood B) donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood C) donate type AB blood to a recipient with type B blood D) donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood

D) donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood

Choose the true statement about fetal hemoglobin. A) fetal hemoglobin is call hemoglobin A B) fetal hemoglobin contains four alpha chains C) fetal hemoglobin is produced until the baby is one year old D) fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin

D) fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin

The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the __________. A) hemostat B) blood volume C) buffy coat D) hematocrit

D) hematocrit

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) distribution B) regulation C) protection D) hormone production

D) hormone production

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? A) if the child is type O positive B) if the child is Rh+ C) if the father is Rh+ D) if the father is Rh-

D) if the father is Rh-

Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? A) delivery of oxygen to body cells B) transport of metabolic wastes from cells C) prevention of blood loss D) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues

D) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues

Granulocytes do NOT include __________. A) basophils B) PMNs C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) eosinophils

D) monocytes

A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop __________. A) aplastic anemia B) hemorrhagic anemia C) sickle-cell anemia D) pernicious anemia

D) pernicious anemia

Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis? A) production of ribosomes B) synthesis of hemoglobin C) ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus D) production of vacuoles

D) production of vacuoles

Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage? A) adenosine diphosphate B) serotonin C) thromboxane A2 D) prostacyclin

D) prostacyclin

Blood is a ________. A) colloid B) homogeneous compound C) heterogenous compound D) suspension

D) suspension