Upper Extremity (DeAn)

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the shoulder joint in the inferosuperior axial (West Point) projection, the CR should be directed: A. 25 degrees anteriorly and 25 degrees medially B. 10 degrees anteriorly and 45 degrees medially C. 30 degrees posteriorly, 25 degrees laterally D. 45 degrees posteriorly and 10 degrees medially

A. 25 degrees anteriorly and 25 degrees medially

All of the following projections may be used for the radiographic evaluation of the scaphoid or navicular bone EXCEPT: A. A PA projection of the wrist with the fingers flexed B. A PA projection of the wrist with ulnar deviation C. A PA axial projection of the wrist in acute flexion

A. A PA projection of the wrist with the fingers flexed

During radiography of the clavicle, which projection is used to reduce the amount of focal spot blur? A. A PA projection with the patient erect B. A PA oblique projection with the patient supine C. A lateral projection with the patient erect D. An AP oblique projection with the patient supine

A. A PA projection with the patient erect

The early changes of rheumatoid arthritis can best be demonstrated on radiographic images of the hands in the: A. AP oblique projection B. PA projection C. AP projection D. Lateral projection with fingers flexed

A. AP oblique projection

A radiographic image is taken on a supine patient with their arm abducted to a right angle and the elbow flexed. This best describes: A. An AP projection of the scapula B. An PA oblique projection of the scapula C. A tangential projection of the elbow D. A lateral projection of the elbow

A. An AP projection of the scapula

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the clavicle in the PA axial projection, the central ray should be directed at a: A. Caudal angulation of 15-40 degrees B. Cephalic angulation of 20-35 degrees C. Caudal angulation of 35-45 degrees D. Cephalic angulation of 35-40 degrees

A. Caudal angulation of 15-40 degrees

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the AP oblique projection with medial rotation. This projection is most often used to provide an unobstructed view of the: A. Coronoid process B. Radial head C. Olecranon process D. Radial styloid process

A. Coronoid process

For the demonstration of the entire circumference of the radial head, how many lateral radiographic projections are required? A. Four B. Three C. Two D. One

A. Four

A radiographic image which best demonstrates the carpal interspaces on the medial side of the wrist should be taken in the: A. PA projection with ulnar deviation B. AP projection with radial deviation C. Lateral projection with radial deviation D. PA projection with radial deviation

A. PA projection with ulnar deviation

Which of the following radiographic will best demonstrate the carpal interspaces? A. The AP projection B. A 45 degree medial oblique projection C. The PA projection D. A 35 degree lateral oblique projection

A. The AP projection

A radiographic image is obtained with the palmar surface of the wrist in contact with the image receptor, and dorsiflexed with a slight radial shift. If the central ray is directed 25 degrees to the long axis of the hand to a point 2 cm distal to the base of the third metacarpal bone, what structures are clearly demonstrated? A. The anterior wrist bones and the carpal canal B. A defect known as carpe bossu C. The posterior wrist bones and the carpal bridge D. The scaphoid bone without superimposition

A. The anterior wrist bones and the carpal canal

In evaluating a radiographic image of the scapula in the true lateral projection, which of the following structures should be superimposed? A. The vertebral and axillary borders B. The acromion and Coracoid process C. The scapular body and axillary ribs D. The humeral head and glenoid fossa

A. The vertebral and axillary borders

A radiographic image for the bicipital groove is obtained in the tangential projection. If the patient is placed supine on the imaging table, the central ray should be directed about: A. 20 degrees anterior to the horizontal to skim the anterior aspect of the humerus B. 15 degrees posterior to the horizontal to skim the anterior aspect of the humerus C. 25 degrees to the glenohumeral joint D. 45 degrees medially to the coracoid process

B. 15 degrees posterior to the horizontal to skim the anterior aspect of the humerus

In order to demonstrate the coracoid process on a radiographic image obtained in the AP axial projection, the CR should be directed: A. Perpendicular to the shoulder joint B. 15-45 degrees cephalic to the coracoid process C. 15-45 degrees caudal to the humeral head D. 65-70 degrees caudal to the glenoid fossa

B. 15-45 degrees cephalic to the coracoid process

In a radiographic image of the carpal bones obtained in the PA projection, the fingers are flexed in order to: A. Decrease rotation of the carpal bones B. Decrease the part-to-image receptor distance C. Open the carpal interspaces D. Superimpose the lateral carpal bones

B. Decrease the part-to-image receptor distance

A radiographic image of the first digit is obtained in the AP projection with the central ray directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the elbow. This projection is most often used for the demonstration of the: A. Bones of the dorsum of the wrist B. First carpometarpal joint C. Base of the fifth metacarpal bone D. Proximal phalanges

B. First carpometarpal joint

During the radiographic evaluation of the hand for the localization of foreign bodies, the hand should be placed in the: A. Lateral position with fingers flexed B. Lateral position with fingers extended C. Oblique position with the fingers flexed D. Oblique position with the fingers extended

B. Lateral position with fingers extended

When radiographing the proximal humerus using the transthoracic (Lawrence) position, the plane of the epicondyles should be: A. Parallel to the plane of the image receptor B. Perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor C. 45 degrees to the plane of the image receptor D. 70 degrees to the plane of the image receptor

B. Perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor

A radiographic image of the scapula is obtained in the PA oblique (Lorenz and Lillenfeld) projection. This projection is most commonly used to demonstrate the: A. Sternoclavicular joints and body of the sternum B. Scapula free of the ribs C. Space between scapula and the clavicle D. Fractures of the anterior scapula

B. Scapula free of the ribs

A radiographic image of the wrist is obtained in the AP oblique projection with a medial rotation of about 45 degrees. This is normally used to demonstrate: A. The trapezium and trapezoid bones B. The lunate and pisiform bones C. The scaphoid and hamate bones D. The ulnar and radial styloid processes

B. The lunate and pisiform bones

Radiographic images of the acromioclavicular articulations are normally performed: 1. In the decubitus position 2. With the patient holding weights 3. Bilaterally A. 1 & 2 only C. 2 & 3 only B. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2, & 3

C. 2 & 3 only

When performing a radiographic image of the hand in the PA projection, which of the following surfaces should be in contact with the image receptor? 1. Dorsal surface 2. Palmer surface 3. Ventral surface A. 1 & 2 only B. 1 & 3 only C. 2 & 3 only D. 1, 2, & 3

C. 2 & 3 only

In order to visualize the glenoid fossa on radiographic image of the humerus in the AP oblique (Grashey) projection, the patient is medially rotated: A. 10-20 degrees B. 20-30 degrees C. 35-45 degrees D. 60-70 degrees

C. 35-45 degrees

In a radiographic image of the hand in the PA oblique projection, the hand should be placed at an angle of: A. 15 degrees to the plane of the image receptor B. 25 degrees to the plane of the image receptor C. 45 degrees to the plane of the image receptor D. 60 degrees to the plane of the image receptor

C. 45 degrees to the plane of the image receptor

The maximum relaxation of the fat pads of the elbow is seen with the joint flexed to an angle of about: A. 15 degrees B. 35 degrees C. 90 degrees D. 180 degrees

C. 90 degrees

To avoid crossing the radius and ulna during the radiographic evaluation of the forearm in the AP projection, the hand should be: A. Hyperextended to its full extent B. Fully pronated C. Fully supinated D. Placed in the true lateral

C. Fully supinated

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the humerus (non-trauma) in the lateral projection, the arm should be placed in: A. Neutral rotation B. Counter rotation C. Internal rotation D. External rotation

C. Internal rotation

A radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the AP projection with a medial rotation. This will place the humerus in the: A. Anatomic position B. 25-degree oblique position C. Lateral position D. 45-degree oblique position

C. Lateral position

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the AP oblique projection for the demonstration of the radial head. This will require that the elbow be: A. Medially rotated 15 degrees B. Medially rotated 35 degrees C. Laterally rotated 45 degrees D. Laterally rotated 15 degrees

C. Laterally rotated 45 degrees

A bony outgrowth at the base of the third metacarpocarpal joint (carpe bossu) is best demonstrated in the: A. Lateral projection of the hand in acute dorsiflexion flexion B. PA projection of the hand in ulnar deviation C. PA projection of the wrist in acute palmar flexion D. PA projection of the wrist in radial deviation

C. PA projection of the wrist in acute palmar flexion

A radiographic image of the finger is obtained in the PA projection. The central ray should be directed perpendicular to the: A. Third metacarpophalangeal joint B. Middle interphalangeal joint C. Proximal interphalangeal joint D. Distal interphalangeal joint

C. Proximal interphalangeal joint

Which radiographic projection of the shoulder will demonstrate the humerus in true anatomic position? A. the transthoracic lateral projection B. The AP projection with internal rotation C. The AP projection with external rotation D. The AP projection with neutral rotation

C. The AP projection with external rotation

The radiographic projection of the hand that will demonstrate the greatest amount of distortion of the phalanges and the interphalangeal joints is: A. The PA projection B. The AP projection C. The PA oblique projection D. the lateral projection

C. The PA oblique projection

A radiographic image of the scapula is obtained in the lateral projection. The upper portion of the scapula is demonstrated as the letter Y. The superior aspect of the letter Y is formed by: A. The glenoid and humeral heads B. The scapular spine and vertebral border C. The acromion and coracoid processes D. The vertebral and axillary borders

C. The acromion and coracoid processes

When bilateral hands or wrists are requested, it is important to radiograph each side separately to prevent: A. Excessive patient exposures B. The distortion of the phalanges C. The distortion of the joint spaces B. the magnification of the wrist bones

C. The distortion of the joint spaces

A radiographic image of the hand is obtained in the PA projection. The central ray should be directed perpendicular to the: A. Third metacarpocarpal joint B. Third proximal interphalangeal joint C. Third metacarpophalangeal joint D. Midcarpal region

C. Third metacarpophalangeal joint

To insure proper position of the elbow during a radiographic image takin in the lateral projection the: 1. Epicondyles should be placed perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor 2. Radial and ulnar styloids should be superimposed 3. Forearm, elbow, and humerus should be placed in the same plane A. 1 & 2 only C. 2 & 3 only B. 1 & 3 only D. 1,2, and 3

D. 1, 2, and 3

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the lateral projection. In order improve the visualization of the soft tissue structures, the elbow should be flexed to an angle of about: A. 45 degrees B. 90 degrees C. 60 degrees D. 35 degrees

D. 35 degrees

A radiographic image of the shoulder in the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection is obtained to rule out a dislocation of the humeral head. The patient should be rotated so that the midcoronal plane forms an angle of: A. 5-10 degrees to the plane of the image receptor B. 15-25 degrees to the plane of the image receptor C. 55-75 degrees to the plane of the image receptor D. 45-60 degrees to the plane of the image receptor

D. 45-60 degrees to the plane of the image receptor

Which of the following radiographic projections is most commonly used to provide a profile image of the olecranon process: A. The AP projection of the elbow B. An AP oblique projection of the elbow with medial rotation C. An AP oblique projection of the forearm with lateral rotation D. A lateral projection of the elbow

D. A lateral projection of the elbow

A radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the inferosuperior axial (Lawrence) projection. This projection requires that the humerus be: A. Abducted 90 degrees and medially rotated B. Fully adducted and medially rotated C. Fully adducted and laterally rotated D. Abducted 90 degrees and laterally rotated

D. Abducted 90 degrees and laterally rotated

Fractures of the dorsal aspect of the carpal bones are well demonstrated on a radiographic image taken in the tangential projection. This is also referred to as the: A. Extension method B. Stecher method C. Carpal canal method D. Carpal bridge method

D. Carpal bridge method

During a radiographic evaluation of the scapula in the AP projection, respiration should be: A. Suspended on full inspiration B. Suspended on full expiration C. Suspended at the end of forced inspiration D. Continued with quiet breathing

D. Continued with quiet breathing

A radiographic image of the humerus is obtained in the AP projection. This will require that a plane passing between the epicondyles be placed parallel to the plane of the image receptor in order to obtain a profile view of the: A. Acromion B. Lesser tuberosity C. Glenohumeral joint D. Greater tuberosity

D. Greater tuberosity

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the first finger in the AP projection, the hand should be placed in the: A. AP position B. PA oblique position C. 45-degree oblique position D. Lateromedial position

D. Lateromedial position

A radiographic image of the hand is obtained in the PA projection. This will provide a: A. Lateral projection of the thumb B. Tangential projection of the thumb C. AP projection of the thumb D. Oblique projection of the thumb

D. Oblique projection of the thumb

A radiographic image of the forearm is obtained in the AP projection with the arm in acute flexion. The CR is directed perpendicular to enter 5 cm superior to the olecranon process. This image is most often used for the demonstration of the: A. Radial notch B. Radial head C. Semi-lunar notch D. Olecranon process

D. Olecranon process

A radiographic image of the wrist is obtained in the tangential (Gaynor Hart) projection (inferosuperior position). The only carpal bone demonstrated free of all bony superimposition is the: A. Navicular bone B. Capitate bone C. Hamate bone D. Pisiform bone

D. Pisiform bone

A radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the AP projection. If the patient's arm is medially rotated this will provide a: A. Profile view of the humeral epicondyles B. Profile view of the greater tuberosity C. Profile view of the glenoid fossa D. Profile view of the lesser tuberosity

D. Profile view of the lesser tuberosity

A radiographic image of the scapula is obtained in the tangential projection. The patient is placed supine with the CR directed through the posteriorsuperior region of the shoulder at a caudal angle of 45 degrees. Which of the following structures is best demonstrated? A. The acromioclavicular articulation B. the glenoid fossa C. The coracoid process D. the scapular spine

D. the scapular spine