urinary lab

Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscles are located in the ________ of the kidney.

cortex

Which of these cells is located interspersed between the capillaries of the glomerulus?

glomerular mesangial cells

This knot of coiled capillaries, found in the kidneys, forms the filtrate. It is the __________.

glomerulus

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: ________.

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop

Which cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin?

granular cells

The juxtamedullary nephrons ________.

have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine

Identify the correct direction of urine flow from formation to exiting the kidney.

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter

Which of the following regions of the kidney is in contact with the fibrous capsule?

Renal cortex

What region of the male urethra runs through the urogenital diaphragm, extending about 2 centimeters from the prostate to the beginning of the penis?

intermediate part of the urethra (membranous urethra

Of the following urinary system organs, major homeostatic functions are performed by the ________.

kidney

The __________ perform(s) the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system.

kidneys

The __________ of the kidney is segregated into triangular regions with a striped appearance.

medulla

As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures.

minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

What structure receives blood from the efferent arteriole of a juxtamedullary nephron?

vasa recta

What do we call the anatomical units responsible for the formation of urine? __________

nephrons

Where does the kidney filter the blood?

renal corpuscle

Where does filtration of the blood occur within the kidneys?

renal cortex

The medullary pyramids contain collecting tubules (ducts) that travel towards the renal cortex, carrying urine to exit the kidney.

false

Which capillary bed produces filtrate?

glomerulus

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of any of the urinary tract structures: kidneys, ureter, bladder, or urethra. Considering the differences in the male and female anatomy and that the bacteria that cause UTIs are often found in the feces, explain why females are more likely to contract a UTI.

Females are more likely to contract a UTI because the opening of the urinary tract is located closer to the opening of the digestive tract, allowing fecal bacteria to get into the urinary tract more easily.

Which structure is found separating the renal pyramids?

Renal columns

What type of receptors embedded in the urinary bladder wall initiate the micturition reflex?

Stretch receptors

What is true about the urethral sphincters?

The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cortical nephrons?

Their nephron loop is closely wrapped with vasa recta.

Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) is sudden inflammation of the glomeruli, most commonly a result of a streptococcal infection that causes the body to attack its own tissue. The damage to the filtration membrane increases permeability of the membrane for proteins and larger components. Which test result would you expect for a patient with acute GN?

all answers are correct

Many nephrons empty into a ________.

collecting duct

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

collects newly formed urine

When the micturation reflex is initiated, the brain responds by __________ action potentials (APs) in somatic motor neurons, resulting in the relaxation of the __________ urinary sphincter so urine can be voided.

decreasing; external

The __________ arteriole drains the glomerular capillary bed.

efferent

Micturition is a synonym for ________.

emptying of the bladder

The functions of the urinary system include ________.

excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance

The __________ urethral sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is voluntarily controlled.

external

What is the function of the macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)?

monitor the NaCl content of the filtrate

The section of the renal tubule closest to the glomerular capsule is the __________.

proximal convoluted tubule

Which region of the kidney is the most superficial?

renal cortex

Where are the renal columns located?

renal medulla

A major calyx is a component of which of the following anatomical structures?

renal pelvis

What defines the trigone of the urinary bladder?

the ureter entrances and the opening to the urethra

Which of the following best describes the function of the urethra?

transport of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body