URR Pathology Miscellaneous
a 50yo male presents with rlq pain, watery diarrhea and low grade fever. the us exam demonstrates a prominent lymph node in the area of pain and the image below was also obtained at the area of pain. these findings are most consistent with (loops of bowel)
colitis
which of the following is not an expected finding with adreanal myelolipoma
comet tail artifacts
the blue arrow indicates the adrenal gland in a 30yo male with a palpable flank mass and no other related history. which of the following best describes the findings on the image demonstrated by the red arrows? (adrenal glad)
complex adrenal mass located superior to the gland, most likely cortical carcinoma
malignant ascites is describes as
complex fluid collection with matted bowel loops
which of the following describes carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the median nerve by the carpal sheath causing numbness, weakness and pain
when diaphragmatic paralysis is suspected
The diaphragmatic thickness should be measured during inspiration and expiration
which of the following is true regarding pyloric stenosis
abnormal muscle thickness >4mm
bacterial infection, internal bleeding and viral infection typically share what abdominal us finding
ascites with debris/septations
Creeping fat is a sign of
Crohn's disease
what is the most common retroperitoneal mass
Liposarcoma
what is identified on the longitudinal intercostal image of the liver (PE an ascites)
Pleural effusion and ascites
a 50 yo male presents with paraumbilical pain and a palpable mass. the findings on the image are most suggestive of (hernia with bowel)
abd wall hernia with bowel protrusion
which of the following statements is true regarding retroperitoneal lymph nodes
abnormal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement
the achilles tendon most commonly ruptures
about 4cm from the distal insertion point
a 55yo female presents with a fever, leukocytosis and llq pain. she states she suffers from crohn disease. the exam demonstrates a 2.7cm ill defined hypoechoic mass in the llq that is surrounded by a small abount of ascites. there is no flow within th emass and no movement with peristalsis. these finding are most suggestive of
abscess
____ is the most common malignant neoplasm found in the prostate
adenocarcinoma
which of the following is the most common cancer of the gi tract
adenocarcinoma
the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in adults is ___ the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in an infant is
adhesions, intussusception
which of the following correctly describes myelolipoma
adrenal tumor that is composed of fat and bony elements
an incidentaloma is
an unexpected mass on an imaging exam
Phlegmon formation, abscess formation, prominent pericecal fat and loculated pericecal fluid collections are sonographic findings that are most suggestive of:
appendiceal perforation
a pt presents with moderate rlq pain an da low grade fever. a us exam of the area demonstrates a 7mm thick aperistaltic tube that is noncompressible. which of the following best describes the findings
appendicitis
acute pain in the rlq is commonly associated with ___, while acute pain in the llq is commonly associated with ____
appendicitis, diverticulitis
which of the following is a common finding in hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic abscess formation
ascites
bacterial infection, internal bleeding and viral infection typically share what us finding
ascites with debris/septations
a pr presents for a groin us with a history of right inguinal hernia repair 3 years ago. hes currently having right groin pain. what should you do next for this pt
assess the edges of the mesh in the groin while the pt performs the valsalva maneuver
which of the following correctly describes penile cancer
associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy
where is the most common location for the occurrence of retroperitoneal fibrosis
at the level of the aortic bifurcation
____refers to a collection of serous fluid in the popliteal fossa
baker cyst
a 70yo male presents for transrectal us due to psa level of 7ng/ml, urinary frequency and hematuria. the us exam demonstrates a 40cc prostate volume with heterogeneity and calcifications centrally. the peripheral zone appears normal. these findings are most consistent with
benign prostatic hypertrophy
all of the following correctly describe a mechanical bowel obstruction except
best evaluated by us after pt drinks at least 32 oz of water
which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of adrenal hyperplasia
bilateral, diffuse gland enlargement
which of the following is a common cause of transudate pleural effusion
chf
what are the most common causes of ascites
cirrhosis and malignancy
What penile structure is usually fractured with penile trauma?
corpus cavernosum
which of the following statements is tru regarding rectus sheath hematomas
coumadin therapy is a common cause for hematoma formation
concentric wall thickening of the terminal ileum, hyperemia and mesenteric fatty proliferation are signs of what gi tract abnormality
crohn disease
most pts with adrenal cortical cancer have associted
cushing syndrome
what changes occur on th eus image when scanning breast tissue affected by acute mastitis
decrease penetration due to tissue edema
which of the following is an expected sonographic characteristic of prostatitis
diffuse hypervascularity
loculated fluid in the abdomen usually___, while ff in the abdomen will ____
displaces adjacent structures, fills spaces around structures
which of the following describes a giant cell tumor of the hand
does not move with the adjacent tendon with flexion and extension
which of the following describes the best way to image the patellar tendon with us
eval the patellar attachments from an anterior approach
which of the following is most likely to be confused with a breast carcinoma
fat necrosis after breast surgery
a pt presents with right groin pain. you identify a hernia sac medial to the common femoral vein. what type of hernia is present
femoral
the most common benign breast mass is the___ and the most common malignant breast mass is ___
fibroadenoma, invasive ductal carcinoma
how can you differentiate a ganglion cyst from a giant cell tumor of the hand
ganglion cyst will demonstrate posterior enhancement, giant cell tumor will not demonstrate enhancement
____ is one of the most common surgical procedure in the us and most pts are males less than 1yr old
herniorrhaphy
what is one of the most common findings on a transrectal us in prostatitis
hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area
what causes symptoms in a pt with carpal tunnel syndrome
impingement of the median nerve
adrenal gland hemorrhage
in adults is usualllt related to trauma or hemotologic disorders, such as thrombocytopenia
what type of henia is a delayed complication of upper abdominal surgery
incisional hernia
what is the key anatomic landmark in differentiating direct, indirect and spigelian hernias
inferior epigastric artery
a right sided pheochromosytoma will displace the ipsilateral kidney____
inferiorly
a pt presents with a 2cm palpable reddened lump on the bottom of her foot. the pt states she accidentally stepped on a piece of broken glass. the dr suspects there may be some glass remaining in her foot. which of the following statements is true regarding the eval of a this pts foot
inflammation usually leads to a hypoechoic ring surrounding the foreign body
a 3 yo is scanned due to vomiting an a palpable lump in the abdomen. these findings are most suggestive of (telescoping bowel)
intussusception
the term used to describe the involution of the small bowel upon itself is
intussusception
which of the following is not usually treated by surgical intervention
intussusception
which portion of the gi tract contains numerous valvulae conniventes that cause a feathery appearance of the structure on us
jejunum
demonstration of gastrohepatic and retorperitoneal lymphadenopathy in a pt is most suggestive of:
lympoma
an enlarged, rounded lymph node with loss of hilar definition is most suggestive of associated ____, while an enlarged, oval lymph node with normal hilar characteristics is most suggestive of associated
malignancy, infection
all of the following are signs of pyloric stenosis except
mcburney
what congenital defect presents as a blind ended, fluid filled bowel loop connected to a normal peristalsing small bowel loop
meckel diverticulum
The SMA is identified to the right of the SMV in a patient with acute abdomen symptoms. What should you suspect?
midgut malrotation
all of the following correctly describes a scalp hematoma, except
most commonly caused by motor vehicle trauma
what is the sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucinous secretions and tumor formation within the lower abdomen cause bowel to be matted down against posterior abdominal wall
what is the most accurate sonographic predictor of pyloric stenosis
muscle wall thickness
adrenal hemorrhage is most commonly see in ____
newborns
Ascites is usually associated with all of the following except : A. hepatoma B. renal failure C. congestive heart failure D. oncocytoma
oncocytoma
the ____zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by malignancy
peripheral
which zone of the prostate has the highest risk for carcinoma development
peripheral
Loculated ascites with echogenic debris and matted bowel loops are most suggestive of:
peritoneal metastasis
the development of scar tissue and fibrous plaque formation involving the tunica albuginea of the penis describes
peyronie disease
The diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare area sign are indicative of what abnormality?
pleural effusion
the diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare area sign are indicative of what abnormality
pleural effusion
a 2yo presents with a swollen abdomen and pain for 3 days. the doctor suspectes and intussusception is present. how will this appear on the exam
prominent focal area of concentric rings of bowel
corpora amylacea is a benign condition of what organ
prostate
which of the following statements is correct regarding hernias
pts with one hernia should be evaluated for other types of ipsilateral and contralateral groin or anterior abdominal hernias
a dr refers an infant for a chest us exam due to a history of a chest mass seen in the left lower lobe on xray you identify a well defined hypoechoic mass in the area of interest. color doppler demonstrates arterial supply to the mass from a branch of the aorta. these findings are most suggestive of
pulmonary sequestration
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy is an expected finding with what primary malignancy
renal cell carcinoma
bilateral ureteral obstruction can be caused by
retroperitoneal fibrosis
which of the following is a malignant mass of the retroperitoneum that is composed of muscle tissue
rhabdomyosarcoma
which of the following foreign body types is better visualized on sonography than with radiography?
rose thorn
which of the following sonographic signs is displayed on the image (aorta with lymph nodes on both sides)
sandwich
a hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle that occurs below the arcuate line can extend into
space of retzius
the image demonstrates a coronal vein of the luq. where is free fluid documented on the image? (long spleen with ff on the left side of the screen)
subphrenic space and pleural space
which of the following is not required when reporting a suspected hernia
suspected age of the hernia
____is acute symptomatic inflammation of a tendon, while____refers to asymptomatic degenerative changes in the tendon
tendinitis, tendinosis
which statement is true regarding the image displayed(infant hip)
the alpha angle appears less than 43 degrees and the femoral head coverage is less than 50% which indicates dislocation
which of the following correctly describes a pneumothorax
the lung gliding sign is not present with free air in the chest
priapism is an abnormality of
the penis
which of the following is true regarding the image of the ruq of a neonate? (thickened pylorus)
the pylorus is thickened and the stomach is demonstrated medially
the image demonstrates a transverse view of the right and left side of the abdominal wall, about 5cm lateral to the umbilicus. which of the following statements is true regarding the findings on the image
there is a heterogeneous, rounded mass located wihtin the left rectus sheath, within the muscle layers and anterior to the peritoneal lining
what is the primary reason a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RLND) is performed
to determine if systemic chemotherapy is needed
the ___ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by bph
transitional
which of the following is the most likely cause of the findings on the image of the abdomen(right comparison)
trauma
primary sclerosing cholangitis is usually seen in pts with
ulcerative colitis
which of the following describes how to differentiate a ventral hernia from diastasis recti?
ventral hernias are a focal weakening of the abdomen wall, diastasis recti is a diffuse defect of the abdominal wall
massive adreanal gland enlargement, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are common findings what fatal autosomal recessive disorder
wolman disease
pyloric stenosis is diagnosed when the muscle wall thickness exceeds:
4mm
