US & Government 7/29 & 8/5

19 In the late 19th century, what was the major goal in developing the "New South?" (1) expanding the industrial base (2) reducing tobacco production (3) strengthening labor unions (4) restricting government support for railroad construction

(1) expanding the industrial base

The Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) were important because they (1) increased the power of the federal government (2) expanded the powers of the president (3) encouraged westward expansion (4) placed limits on the spread of slavery

(1) increased the power of the federal government

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. *First law preventing specific ethnic group from entering the country *Gold rush dried up, Chinese moved into cities and took low paying jobs, white citizens blamed Chinese for depressed wage levels.

Which statement best illustrates the meaning of federalism? (1) All citizens enjoy the basic rights of freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly. (2) The Constitution delegates certain powers to the national government but reserves other powers for the states. (3) The Constitution can be changed by amendments ratified by Congress. (4) The House of Representatives has the power to impeach the president, and the Senate has the power to conduct an impeachment trial.

(2) The Constitution delegates certain powers to the national government but reserves other powers for the states.

The authors of the United States Constitution established a bicameral legislature primarily because they (1) wished states to retain their absolute sovereignty (2) reached a compromise between the large states and the small states over representation (3) hoped to weaken the power of Congress (4) wanted to create an independent judiciary elected by the people

(2) reached a compromise between the large states and the small states over representation

The establishment of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison (1803) gave the Supreme Court the authority to (1) impeach members of Congress (2) create state courts (3) approve foreign treaties (4) decide the constitutionality of a law

(4) decide the constitutionality of a law

European Enlightenment writers of the 17th and 18th centuries such as John Locke influenced America's colonial development by providing (1) justification for state-supported churches (2) a defense of the slave trade (3) arguments for monarchy and rule by divine right (4) ideas about self-government and political rights

(4) ideas about self-government and political rights

What was a major success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1788)? (1) developing a plan for the admission of new states (2) establishing the first national export tax (3) paying off all government debts (4) gaining the respect of foreign nations

1) developing a plan for the admission of new states

The Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Progressive Era

1890 - 1920, Progressives tended to be women, middle class, and live in urban areas. Progressives sought to use government influence to solve societal problems. *Labor laws *Women's sufferageterm-33

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade, Congress could also not draft soldiers; strength- plan for admitting new states)

bicameral legislature

A law making body made of two houses (bi means 2). Example: Congress (our legislature) is made of two house - The House of Representatives and The Senate. **compromise made to alleviate battle over representation. Senate= 2/state; HOR is a

New Deal Programs

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. Included programs such as the; CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), NRA (National Recovery Act), WPA (Works Progress Administration), PWA (Public Works Administration), AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Act), SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) , and FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation).

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments The debate between federalists and anti-federalists is states power vs. federal power

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill) made a significant impact on post-World War II America because it provided for (1) aid to veterans for housing and college costs (2) the rapid demobilization of soldiers (3) pensions for soldiers from World War I (4) the establishment of a draft for all males over 18 years of age

Aid to veterans for housing and college costs

Anti-Federalists

Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states **State power

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay.

Which pair of Supreme Court cases upheld the right to counsel for defendants in state criminal cases? (1) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) (2) Baker v. Carr (1962) and Engel v. Vitale (1962) (3) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) (4) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and Roe v. Wade (1973)

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

New South

Idea that the south should industrialize after the Civil War. Despite calls for industrialization, sharecropping and tenant farming persisted in the South

In his war message to Congress, President Woodrow Wilson urged the United States to enter World War I in order to (1) protect the empires of European countries (2) create a new world government (3) make the world safe for democracy (4) stop a British attack on the United States

Make sure the world is safe for democracy

Prior to its military involvement in both the War of 1812 and World War I, the United States attempted to maintain a policy of (1) neutrality (2) internationalism (3) collective security (4) détente

Neutrality

. . .We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment . . . Which Supreme Court decision is reflected in this passage? (1) Wabash, St. Louis & Pacifi c R.R. v. Illinois (1886) (2) United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) (3) In Re Debs (1895) (4) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Plessy v. Ferguson

"Income Tax Amendment Passes" "Congress Enacts Federal Reserve Act" "Pure Food and Drug Act Passed by Congress" Which reform movement supported the actions described by these headlines? (1) Progressive (2) Prohibition (3) labor (4) conservation

Progressive Era- the period of social reform

• Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 • Espionage Act of 1917 • USA Patriot Act of 2001 One common effect of these wartime laws has been to (1) expand government regulation of the economy (2) increase the nation's military defenses (3) promote immigration from neighboring nations (4) protect national security at the expense of civil liberties

Protect national security at the expense of civil liberties

President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a plan in 1937 to add justices to the Supreme Court primarily because the Court (1) lacked representation from minority groups (2) had declared major New Deal laws unconstitutional (3) had little judicial experience (4) supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution

The Court had declared major New Deal laws unconstitutional

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent.

The Compromise of 1850 was an attempt to resolve issues related to (1) the protection and spread of slavery (2) boundary disputes between the United States and Britain over the Oregon Country (3) relations with the Native American Indians of the Great Plains (4) the role of the federal government in industrial development

The protection and spread of slavery

Which statement describes an effect of the Louisiana Purchase (1803)? (1) The size of the United States was doubled. (2) The boundary with Mexico was finally established. (3) The Northwest Territory became part of the United States. (4) The Mississippi River became the western boundary of the United States.

The size of the US doubled

Compromise of 1850

Under the Compromise: -California was admitted to the Union as a free state -the slave trade was outlawed in Washington, D.C., -a strict new Fugitive Slave Act compelled citizens of free states to assist in capturing enslaved people -the new territories of Utah and New Mexico would permit white residents to decide whether to allow slavery. The Compromise did not resolve the issue of slavery's expansion; instead, it further polarized the North and the South.

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal **separate but equal** **upheld Jim Crow South**

Neutrility Acts

date: 1935-1939 A series of laws passed to keep the US from becoming involved in war. Prohibited trade and travel of US ships to other countries. Would allow the US to avoid the conflict over freedom of the seas that contributed to involvement in the WWI.

GI Bill

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams;; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish (sedition) defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.

Epsionage Act (1917)

prohibited interference with the draft and other acts of national "disloyalty"

US Patriot Act of 2001

reduced restrictions on law enforcement agencies abilities to search telephone, email, and medical records. *In response to terrorism*