US Fall Final
President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he appointed his relatives and friends to important positions. plundered millions of dollars from New York's city treasury. allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption. was not supported by his own party on grounds of campaign corruption.
allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption.
Which public debate in the 1920s is best associated with the passage of the Volstead Act? the idea that Progressive political reforms were too radical for the country the idea of lowering the legal age at which alcohol could be consumed the creation of illegal economies that produced and distributed alcohol the allocation of government resources to enforce the Act's provisions
the creation of illegal economies that produced and distributed alcohol
The people who lived in this sod house were most likely mc012-1.jpg Chinese railroad workers. immigrants from Italy. Native Americans on reservations. farmers who moved from the East.
farmers who moved from the East
Which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose? child labor in the oil industry the personal struggles of African Americans in urban environments political corruption in Congress and the judiciary poor working conditions in American factories
poor working conditions in American factories
The NWP and the NAWSA primarily differed in their organization goals strategies geographic focus
strategies
The subject of this political cartoon is William Jennings Bryan's mc036-1.jpg style of campaigning. "Cross of Gold" speech. support for rural farmers. advocacy of silver coinage.
style of campaigning
The increase in leisure pursuits in the 1920s was one sign of the free time resulting from massive unemployment. urban prosperity and rising salaries. the abandonment of traditional entertainments. technological innovations.
technological innovations.
During Reconstruction, which of the following changes occurred? African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights. The South moved from an agrarian economy to an industrial one The South switched from being primarily Democrats to being mostly Republican White Americans viewed African Americans as equals, enittiled to all rights of US citizenship
African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights.
Use the following graph to answer the questions. nar001-1.jpg In which decade did the number of women employed in manufacturing increase most? 1900s 1880s 1870s 1860s
1900s
What effect did the Whiskey Rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and anti-Federalists?
?
Whose plan for Reconstruction sought to make it relatively easy for Southern states to rejoin the Union? Rutherford B. Hayes Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
What conflict did NOT arise between farmers and ranchers settling western lands? Grazing cattle damaged growing crops of nearby farms. Ranchers used more water than allowed by local contracts. Some Native Americans refused to move to reservations. Growing crops depleted available land for grazing.
Some Native Americans refused to move to reservations.
Which of the following was a reason Radical Republicans sought harsh punishments against the former Confederate states? They wanted to industrialize the Southern economy. They thought it was the quickest route to reunification. They considered the practice of slavery to be a crime. They believed sharecropping was unconstitutional.
They considered the practice of slavery to be a crime.
Why did tenant farmers need to be better at managing money than sharecroppers? They were landowners and had to pay for an agricultural license. They oversaw sharecroppers who worked for the landowner. They managed the financial accounts of the landowner. They controlled more of their own planning and finances.
They controlled more of their own planning and finances.
How did business leaders in the late nineteenth century utilize vertical integration? They maintained control of the raw materials necessary for their products. They delegated responsibility for production and distribution to subsidiaries. They allowed market forces to dictate how their products were distributed. They maintained control of production and distribution of their products.
They maintained control of production and distribution of their products.
Why might members of this organization, the Ku Klux Klan, wear masks that concealed their identities? mc020-1.jpg The organization was illegal. They performed aggressive, sometimes illegal acts that frightened and angered people. Their anti-segregation stance was unpopular in many places. The group was unpopular, and its members suffered intimidation from other groups.
They performed aggressive, sometimes illegal acts that frightened and angered people.
How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era? He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning. He came from an impoverished rural background. He pledged to lead a corruption-free administration. He argued against the gold standard, supporting silver instead.
He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.
"When Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, kerosene was 30 cents a gallon. Twenty years later, Rockefeller had almost a 90 percent market share and kerosene was only eight cents a gallon. Customers were the real winners here, because Rockefeller's size allowed him to cut costs. . . ."—Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Folsom would be most likely to call John D. Rockefeller a captain of industry. carpetbagger. philanthropist. robber baron.
captain of industry.
How did the policies of Presidents Harding and Coolidge reflect a change of direction in U.S. politics? They rejected social reform in favor of laissez-faire economics and support for big business. Both increased taxes for the wealthy. They favored income tax and rejected low taxes on individuals and corporations. They promoted increased involvement in world affairs.
They rejected social reform in favor of laissez-faire economics and support for big business.
Based on this image, which of the following is most likely true of the Native Americans shown? mc015-1.jpg They were a roaming tribe who moved their camp often. They cherished the natural world more than most tribes did. They defended their own territory against intruders very ably. They often fought against the U.S. military.
They were a roaming tribe who moved their camp often.
Which statement best summarizes Mencken's opinion of Darrow's speech during the Scopes Trial?
mencken doubts the speech will be effective due to popular opinion against Darrow
W.E.B. Du Bois was an outspoken critic of Ray Stannard Baker. William Monroe Trotter. Booker T. Washington. Woodrow Wilson.
Booker T. Washington.
Which of the following can be determined from the information in the two charts? mc009-1.jpg McKinley carried larger states, while Bryan carried smaller ones. A state's electoral votes are not entirely dependent on its population. McKinley carried states with large numbers of electoral votes. Bryan carried Southern states, while McKinley carried those in the North.
McKinley carried states with large numbers of electoral votes
The house in this image, typical of those built by homesteaders adapting to their physical environment on the Great Plains, was made from mc037-1.jpg adobe. brick. sod. straw.
sod
"[Mexican Americans] are now employed to a considerable extent in the coal mines of Colorado and New Mexico, in the ore mines of Colorado and Arizona, in the smelters of Arizona, in the cement factories of Colorado and California, . . . and in fruit growing and canning in California. . . . Where they are employed in other industries, the same wage discrimination against them as was noted in the case of railroad employees is generally apparent." —Samuel Bryan, The Survey, September 1912 According to this quotation, Mexican Americans were employed in large numbers across the United States. had mostly moved to urban areas by the 1920s. received wages that were as low as those of other workers of the time. suffered discrimination in many industries.
suffered discrimination in many industries.
Which event led to the formation of the NAACP? the 1908 Springfield riot the Plessy v. Ferguson decision the first meeting of the Niagara Movement the segregation of federal government offices in 1914
the 1908 Springfield riot
Based on the dates given in this timeline and information in the topic, which event was most likely influenced directly by the Homestead Act? mc011-1.jpg the Dawes Act the Indian Reorganization Act the creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act
the Dawes Act
Which legislation gave the government the authority to set and limit shipping costs, as well as tolls for bridges and ferries? the Hepburn Act the Payne-Aldrich Act the Mann-Elkins Act the Elkins Act
the Hepburn Act
Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President? the Democratic Party the Progressive Party the Nationalist Party the Populist Party
the Progressive Party
What trend does the graph show? mc004-1.jpg Between 1870 and 1910, fewer children went to school and fewer children worked. Between 1870 and 1910, fewer children went to school and more children worked. Between 1870 and 1910, more children went to school and fewer children worked. Between 1870 and 1910, more children went to school and more children worked.
Between 1870 and 1910, more children went to school and fewer children worked.
According to the chart, which city grew the most between 1880 and 1890? mc009-1.jpg Philadelphia, PA Brooklyn, NY Cincinnati, OH Chicago, IL
Chicago, IL
The end of Reconstruction in the South came with -
Compromise of 1877
What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations? The conflict between Native Americans and settlers decreased. Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted. They received education and religious teaching from settlers. They were given access to improved healthcare facilities and schools.
Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.
"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to the passage of the Dawes General Allotment Act. assimilation of the Native Americans into national life. providing modern education to Native American children. allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.
allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.
"Ten dollars a week was to him a fortune. . . . Indeed, he would have been glad, only the day before, to get a place at three dollars a week. . . . Then he was to be advanced if he deserved it. It was indeed a bright prospect for a boy who, only a year before, could neither read nor write. . . . Dick's great ambition to "grow up 'spectable" seemed likely to be accomplished after all."—Horatio Alger, 1868 The works of Horatio Alger promoted the idea that-- workers were being exploited by industrialists anyone could become successful with hard work life in the cities was preferable to rural life children in the workforce deserved better treatment
anyone could become successful with hard work
In 1914, Congress formed the Federal Trade Commission to identify those activities in which businesses could not engage. inspect food and medicines sold across state lines. monitor business practices that might lead to monopoly. protect labor unions from being attacked as trusts.
monitor business practices that might lead to monopoly.
In this political cartoon, the large figures standing in the back of the room represent mc013-1.jpg the states. unions. monopolies. politicians.
monopolies
"[Rockefeller's company] killed its rivals, in brief, by getting the great trunk lines to refuse to give them transportation. Vanderbilt is reported to have said that there was but one man—Rockefeller—who could dictate to him."—H. D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881 In this text, Lloyd describes how John D. Rockefeller built an oil-- corporation cartel monopoly trust
monopoly
In this political cartoon, the witch flying over the Capitol building on a rake is meant to represent mc005-1.jpg foreign expansionism. women's suffrage. the temperance movement. muckraking journalism.
muckraking journalism.
"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above? immigrants. freed slaves. lower-class Northerners. Native Americans.
native Americans
The men standing on a dock facing the man coming onshore represent mc012-1.jpg nativists. immigrants. business interests. immigration officials.
nativist
The National Reclamation Act directly affected the management of which natural resource? lumber water coal oil
water
This political cartoon implies that the American "captains of industry" are mc011-1.jpg generous. cunning. undeserving. ignorant.
undeserving
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 sought to abolish the black codes by blocking readmission of Southern states. impeaching Andrew Johnson. using federal legislation to overrule state laws. dissolving the new state constitutions.
using federal legislation to overrule state laws.
As a whole, the presidents of the Gilded Age could best be described as progressive. eloquent. unpredictable. weak.
weak
What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe about African Americans and racial relations in the United States? African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law. African Americans should use violence in their fight for civil rights. Prejudice against African Americans was equally severe throughout the nation. African Americans would eventually be granted rights if they waited patiently.
African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law
"Science has thus demonstrated that alcohol is a protoplasmic poison, poisoning all living things; that alcohol is a habit-forming drug that shackles millions of our citizens and maintains slavery in our midst... that it strikes deadly blows at the life of the Nation itself and at the very life of the race, reversing the great evolutionary principles of nature and the purposes of the Almighty. There can be but one verdict, and that is this great destroyer must be destroyed. The time is ripe for fulfillment. The present generation, the generation to which we belong, must cut this millstone of degeneracy from the neck of humanity...." —Richmond P. Hobson, December 22, 1914 Based on this text, why does Hobson support Prohibition? Alcohol negatively affects society as a whole. The sale of alcohol enriches undeserving people. Drinking is morally wrong from a religious standpoint. The production of alcohol creates dangerous working conditions.
Alcohol negatively affects society as a whole.
Use the following graph to answer the questions. nar001-1.jpg How do the changes shown in this graph relate to Progressive reforms? Progressives encouraged women to leave urban manufacturing jobs to take rural farming jobs. As more women entered the industrial workforce, more women began to work for better living and working conditions and voting rights. The Women's Trade Union League organized to limit the number of women working in manufacturing. As more women entered the Progressive movement, the number of women workers decreased.
As more women entered the industrial workforce, more women began to work for better living and working conditions and voting rights.
Why was sod a common building material for homesteaders in the Great Plains? It insulated houses better than lumber. It was readily available in the Great Plains. It stood up well to the harsh Great Plains blizzards. It kept houses clean during dust storms.
It was readily available in the Great Plains.
Which group formed the Anti-Defamation League to defend itself against verbal attacks and false statements? Mexican Americans Jewish Americans Native Americans Asian Americans
Jewish Americans
Which organizaton was formed by white Southerners to intimidate African Americans and their supporters? Freedman's Bureau American Legion Tuskegee Institute Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to? Corruption became widespread. Native Americans were restricted to reservations. Reconstruction went on for too long. Little meaningful legislation was passed.
Little meaningful legislation was passed
What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to? Corruption became widespread. Native Americans were restricted to reservations. Reconstruction went on for too long. Little meaningful legislation was passed.
Little meaningful legislation was passed.
why were there fewer women in the American workforce in 1920 than there were ten years earlier
a recession that followed the war resulted in fewer job openings
what idea did Warren G Harding campaign successfully on in the presidential election in 1920?
a return to normalcy
"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." —William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech Whom does Bryan refer to when he speaks of "the producing masses"? owners of factories and other centers of production laborers, farmers, and others who are directly involved in producing goods and services bankers and others who support businesses that produce things political leaders who support businesses that produce things
laborers, farmers, and others who are directly involved in producing goods and services
"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." —William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech Whom does Bryan refer to when he speaks of "the producing masses"? owners of factories and other centers of production laborers, farmers, and others who are directly involved in producing goods and services bankers and others who support businesses that produce things political leaders who support businesses that produce things
laborers, farmers, and others who are directly involved in producing goods and services
Which important function of African American churches during Reconstruction does this passage best illustrate? "The African Methodist Church is still far from what it should be in the matter of an educated clergy; but the reproach of ignorance is fast passing away. In the ranks of the younger ministers, and in the seminary, are men destined, I think, to remove it entirely . . . . As it is, the church has given a business training to many, and in the re-constructed South, men trained to manage the affairs of her congregations are found, in many cases, in virtue of that training, capable of filling high places in the State." —The Rev. J.H. Magee, 1874 community center emergency relief leadership development voter registration
leadership development
The 1903 Muller v. Oregon decision upheld higher wages for women. women's right to birth control. limited work hours for women. women's right to vote.
limited work hours for women.
What is one method that some southern states used to restrict the execution of the Fifteenth Amendment? blood tests literacy tests segregated schools loyalty oaths
literacy tests
"Go into any of the 'respectable' tenement neighborhoods . . . you shall come away agreeing [that] . . . life there does not seem worth living. . . . [T]he airshaft. . . . seems always so busy letting out foul stenches . . . that it has no time to earn its name by bringing down fresh air. . . ."—Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives In this paragraph, Riis drew attention to the working conditions of urban workers. economic conditions in large cities. living conditions of the urban poor. political conditions in large cities.
living conditions of the urban poor.
Based on the circle graphs and your knowledge of the 1920's which of the following is most likely true about the 1920 and 1924 elections?
many people who voted Republican in 1920 chose to vote for a third party in 1924
"Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform What solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production? implementing a graduated income tax minting silver coinage to increase inflation granting government control of the railroads lifting tariffs on imports to encourage lower prices
minting silver coinage to increase inflation
During the 1902 coal miners' strike in Pennsylvania, President Roosevelt remained neutral. prohibited the miners from forming a union. threatened to send federal troops to take control of the mines. ordered the National Guard to stop the strike.
threatened to send federal troops to take control of the mines.
"Hopeful that, encouraged by their example, all the other nations of the world will join in this humane endeavor and by adhering to the present treaty as soon as it comes into force bring their peoples within the scope of its beneficent provisions, thus uniting the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation of war as an instrument of their national policy; [they] have decided to conclude a treaty and for that purpose have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries... who, having communicated to one another their full powers found in good and due form have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I: The high contracting parties solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another. ARTICLE II: The high contracting parties agree that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means." —Kellogg-Briand Pact, August 27, 1928 What was the purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact, from which this excerpt was taken? to bind participating nations to solve foreign disputes through peaceful means alone (outlaw war) to establish a diplomatic alliance against the Central Powers to encourage participating nations to defend each other in time of war to create an organization much like the United Nations, which would provide a way to solve conflicts through diplomacy
to bind participating nations to solve foreign disputes through peaceful means alone (outlaw war)
Which of the following was a key objective for the passage of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867? to allow for a delay in the readmission of Southern states to the Union as requested by Congress to make it easier for Southern states to reenter the Union after the Fourteenth Amendment was passed to make the implementation of military rule a possible deterrent for other states considering secession to allow the military to legally confiscate war supplies found on private property as a means of prevention
to make it easier for Southern states to reenter the Union after the Fourteenth Amendment was passed
What was the reason for the passage of the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924? to help Native Americans regain their former traditions to place Native Americans under federal authority to encourage Native American assimilation into mainstream culture to reward Native Americans for military service
to reward Native Americans for military service
Which of the following did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 lead to? the election of Wiliam Howard Taft in 1908 the preservation of Yellowstone National Park the coal miners' strike of 1902 water regulation in the west and the construction of the Hoover Dam
water regulation in the west and the construction of the Hoover Dam
The U.S. government outlawed practices such as this traditional Native American ceremony in order to mc034-1.jpg prevent conflict between rival tribes. weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation. make reservations more hospitable for land speculators. make it more difficult for Native Americans to enter mainstream society.
weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation
According to this graph, which crop lost the greatest amount of value per bushel between 1866 and 1896? mc032-1.jpg barley corn oats wheat
wheat
What connection between alcohol and taxes is suggested by these anti-Prohibition demonstrators? mc009-1.jpg Prohibition increases tax revenues from the sale of alcoholic beverages such as beer. Prohibition increases tax revenues by encouraging the sale of non-alcoholic beverages. Prohibition decreases tax revenues by ending the legal sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition decreases tax revenues by eliminating all demand for alcoholic beverages.
Prohibition decreases tax revenues by ending the legal sale of alcoholic beverages
"The recent alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses, render it imperative, if we desire to enjoy the blessings of life, that a check should be placed upon its power . . . and a system adopted which will secure to the laborer the fruits of his toil. . . ."—Preamble to the Knights' Constitution, 1878 This text was taken from the constitution of an organization led by Karl Marx. Cornelius Vanderbilt. Terence V. Powderly. Samuel Gompers.
Terence V. Powderly.
According to the information in this map, where was cattle ranching most important as an industry? mc030-1.jpg Kansas Texas Utah Territory Arizona Territory
Texas
"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief Satanta In this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining the Native Americans' view on nature and spirituality. why the Native Americans resisted the white men. how the white men ruined the Native Americans' way of life. how important the buffalo herds were to Native Americans.
why the Native Americans resisted the white men.
Which reform resulted from the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory? antitrust legislation a ban on child labor workers' compensation laws the spread of settlement houses
workers' compensation laws
According to the information in the graph, in which year was legislation most likely passed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States? mc031-1.jpg 1870 1876 1882 1888
1882
In the year 1890, approximately what percentage of the total U.S. population lived in the West? mc010-1.jpg 5 percent 10 percent 25 percent 40 percent
25
"Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized." —Booker T. Washington, "The Educational Outlook in the South," July 16, 1884 What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans? The equal rights movement for African Americans has made little hope for progress. The equal rights movement for African Americans is vital for everyone's well being. African Americans must demand to receive equal treatment under the law. African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.
African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.
Why did immigration to the U.S. decrease after World War I? Europeans had more opportunities in their own countries. The fear of the Red Scare and the after-effect of World War I resulted in immigration quotas. Anti-immigration laws targeted poor. uneducated immigrants from Russia. After the war, government restrictions prevented emigration from European countries.
After the war, government restrictions prevented emigration from European countries.
What was the long-term effect of the 1920s bull market? People invested wisely, made money, and the market soared. Buying on margin decreased, but the market held firm Buying on market pushed stock prices up and gradually harmed the market. Although it was risky, investors paid high prices for stocks and then resold; the market plunged.
Although it was risky, investors paid high prices for stocks and then resold; the market plunged.
"The white tenant lives adjoining the colored tenant. . . . They are equally burdened with heavy taxes. They pay the same high rent. . . . They pay the same enormous prices for farm supplies. . . . Now the People's Party says to these two men, 'You are kept apart that you may be separately fleeced of your earnings. . . You are deceived and blinded that you may not see how this race antagonism perpetuates a monetary system which beggars both.'"—Thomas Watson, "The Negro Question in the South," 1892 Which argument is Thomas Watson making in this quote? Racial equality would have a negative impact on the South. In legal terms, blacks and poor whites in the South are treated equally. Conflict between the races has made it more difficult to achieve economic justice for the poor.
Conflict between the races has made it more difficult to achieve economic justice for the poor.
"I am anxious to learn about my sisters, from whom I have been separated many years. I have never heard from them since I left Virginia twenty four years ago. I am in hopes that they are still living and I am anxious to hear how they are getting on. I have no other one to apply to but you and am persuaded that you will help one who stands in need of your services as I do. I shall be very grateful to you if you oblige me in this matter. One of my sisters belonged to Peter Coleman in Caroline County and her name was Jane." —Hawkins Wilson, letter, 1867 Which organization often handled requests such as the one made in this letter? Freedmen's Bureau Suffrage Association Democratic Party Tuskegee Institute
Freedmen's Bureau
What does this political cartoon suggest about William Jennings Bryan? mc014-1.jpg He is a former Democrat who has betrayed the Democratic Party. He is a Populist who is trying to overwhelm and absorb the Democratic Party. He is trying to destroy the Democratic Party so that the Republican Party can advance. He is a corrupt politician who will do whatever it takes to advance the Democratic Party.
He is a Populist who is trying to overwhelm and absorb the Democratic Party.
Which woman founded the National Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who were less fortunate? Susan B. Anthony Alice Paul Elizabeth Cady Stanton Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells
What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson? It permanently divided the Progressive Party. It made the sale of alcohol illegal in the United States. It led to greater opportunities for minorities. It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.
It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.
There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . .—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 Which opinion would Helen Hunt Jackson most likely agree with? The Native Americans were never justified in resisting the whites who threatened them. Whites have every right to settle in the West as long as they leave the Native American land alone. It would be beneficial to both whites and Native Americans if the two groups could co-exist and live together. White settlers have often treated Native American with proper respect, but not recently.
It would be beneficial to both whites and Native Americans if the two groups could co-exist and live together
How did the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese immigrants? The act forced all people of Chinese descent to leave the United States. The act forced all Asians who were not of Chinese descent to leave the United States. The act banned any new Chinese laborers from entering the United States. The act excluded Chinese immigrants from certain privileges and duties of citizenship.
The act banned any new Chinese laborers from entering the United States.
"The visitor [to St. Louis] is told of the wealth of the residents, of the financial strength of the banks, and of the growing importance of the industries; yet he sees poorly paved, refuse-burdened streets, and dusty or mud-covered alleys; he passes a ramshackle firetrap crowded with the sick and learns that it is the City Hospital. . . . Finally, he turns a tap in the hotel to see liquid mud flow into [the] wash basin or bathtub." — Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore, "Corruption and Reform in St. Louis," McClure's Magazine, October 1902 According to Steffens and Wetmore, what best describes the often positive stories visitors are told about St. Louis before they come to the city? Those stories are unnecessarily negative. Those stories are entirely wrong. Those stories are entirely accurate. Those stories are misleading.
Those stories are misleading.
What basic conflict was the Sand Creek Massacre a part of? U.S. businesses against the unions U.S. settlers and soldiers against Native Americans Americans born in the country against immigrants U.S. soldiers against immigrant settlers
U.S. settlers and soldiers against Native Americans
How does this cartoon portray the South during the Grant administration (on the left) and during the Hayes administration (on the right)? mc019-1.jpg Under Grant, the South is thriving, while under Hayes it is once again oppressed. Under Grant, the South is rural, while under Hayes it is urbanized. Under Grant, the South is producing cash crops, while under Hayes it is growing only food crops. Under Grant, the South is oppressed, while under Hayes it is thriving.
Under Grant, the South is oppressed, while under Hayes it is thriving.
"When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892 In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans? an allotment program for land a treaty ending violent conflict involuntary relocation to reservations assimilation into mainstream culture
assimilation into mainstream culture
"When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 The Square Deal that President Roosevelt describes insured that small business owners would have what they needed in order to start up. receive a return on their investment. compete successfully with large businesses. be given fair opportunities to compete.
be given fair opportunities to compete.
Which law(s) supports the argument that African Americans were NOT free during Reconstruction? 13th Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1866 14th Amendment black codes
black codes
The Knights of Labor was formed with the goal of promoting capitalism among skilled workers. raising money to overthrow large factories. broad social reform for laborers. helping immigrant workers find jobs.
broad social reform for laborers.
"...I had a big washing and ironing to do, house to straighten out, bread to bake etc. and when Sat night came about 5 P.M. I had to lay down was just about give out. And my feet hurt me so I could scarcely stand. The balls of them even swelled. Mon and Tues this week we have worked in the garden, as the weeds have grown pretty bad. Then we washed this morning. I have been so tired since we got back. Seems like I can't get rested, but has been too much push work I guess." —Estella Stilgebouer, letter to Ella Roesch Based on this letter from settler Estella Stilgebouer, which phrase best describes life for settlers on the Plains? free and liberating difficult for most adventurous and easier than elsewhere harder for men than women
difficult for most
Which of the following was a lasting effect of Reconstruction? diversification of the southern economy to include crops other than cotton and some industry racial integration of public education Republican dominance in southern states successful implementation of the Fifteenth Amendment
diversification of the southern economy to include crops other than cotton and some industry
"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 In this quote, Horace Greeley is criticizing the urban poor for being burdens. analyzing the advantages of the Western frontier. ignoring the existence of Native Americans on the Great Plains. warning potential settlers of the dangers of the West.
ignoring the existence of Native Americans on the Great Plains.
What is Warren G. Harding's presidential administration mainly remembered for? its wartime leadership its internal corruption its social progressivism its innovative policies
its internal corruption
Based on the excerpt, which of the following was a priority for Lincoln after the Civil War? "With malice toward none, and charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds . . . to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." —Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865 regaining a sense of national unity making the United States a world power recognizing the South's secession placing limits on states' rights
regaining a sense of national unity
Marcus Garvey advocated the idea that African Americans should demand equal treatment under the law. should form separate communities from whites. should work together with whites to end society's racial conflicts. should wait patiently for other Americans to extend political rights to them.
should form separate communities from whites.
The Bessemer process was crucial in the development of skyscrapers. airplanes. the telegraph system. refrigerated railroad cars.
skyscrapers
Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s? immigrants small farmers cattle ranchers railroad workers
small farmers
Which two acts from the early twentieth century shown in the table were most closely related to one another? mc013-1.jpg the Hepburn Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act the National Reclamation Act and the Elkins Act the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Hepburn Act
the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
It can be inferred from these pie graphs that after 1860, mc010-1.jpg income was largely contingent on education. the Northern economy grew more quickly than the South. the South had many resources but little capital investment. Southern industry suffered when slavery was abolished.
the Northern economy grew more quickly than the South.
"If any apprentice shall leave the employment of his or her master or mistress, without his or her consent, said master or mistress may pursue and recapture said apprentice, and bring him or her before any justice of the peace of the county, whose duty it shall be to remand said apprentice to the service of his or her master or mistress; ... and if the court shall be of opinion that said apprentice left the employment of his or her master or mistress without good cause, to order him or her to be punished, as provided for the punishment of hired freedmen, as may be from time to time provided for by law for desertion ..." —An Act to Confer Civil Rights on Freedmen, and for other Purposes, Tennessee, 1865 This law is an example of the Reconstruction Acts. the Enforcement Acts. the black codes. the Ten Percent Plan.
the black codes.
Based on the line graph, what effects did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 the National Origins Act of 1924 on immigration levels in the US
together they held immigration levels for several years
"Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both of the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day. Unhampered by tradition, uncorrupted by power, undismayed by the magnitude of the task, the new party offers itself as the instrument of the people to sweep away old abuses, to build a new and nobler commonwealth." —Progressive Party Platform of 1912 This excerpt from the Progressive Party platform concerns which issue? suffrage for women and other disenfranchised groups the relationship between government and industry corruption within the judicial branch of government the conditions under which the urban poor live and work
the relationship between government and industry
Based on the congressional elections of 1894, in which region of the country did Populism seem to have the most support? mc029-1.jpg the midwest the far west the southeast the northeast
the southeast
Which of the following can best be inferred by the fact that one in five children worked in a factory in the late 1800s? Women were no longer required to work long hours. Immigrants were no longer a crucial part of the workforce. Children who worked often received little education due to long working hours. New industries were created to promote the skills of young laborers.
Children who worked often received little education due to long working hours.
Many Progressives who followed Walter Rauschenbusch's Social Gospel program believed that government should not regulate business. laws shortening the workweek were unconstitutional. Christianity should be the basis of social reform. child labor encouraged discipline and a strong work ethic
Christianity should be the basis of social reform.
"I, [name], do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement, to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted, nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution, within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto." —"Ironclad Test Oath," 1864 This oath, used by the United States Congress, was primarily intended to eliminate which group from elected office? southern scalawags northern carpetbaggers Confederate sympathizers Union deserters
Confederate sympathizers
"The white tenant lives adjoining the colored tenant. . . . They are equally burdened with heavy taxes. They pay the same high rent. . . . They pay the same enormous prices for farm supplies. . . . Now the People's Party says to these two men, 'You are kept apart that you may be separately fleeced of your earnings. . . You are deceived and blinded that you may not see how this race antagonism perpetuates a monetary system which beggars both.'"—Thomas Watson, "The Negro Question in the South," 1892 Which argument is Thomas Watson making in this quote? Racial equality would have a negative impact on the South. In legal terms, blacks and poor whites in the South are treated equally. Conflict between the races has made it more difficult to achieve economic justice for the poor. The People's Party supports segregation while assisting people of both races.
Conflict between the races has made it more difficult to achieve economic justice for the poor.
"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply? Significant economic disparity exists in Nebraska. Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen. Railroads are necessary to the farming industry. Transportation and commerce help Nebraska's economy.
Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.
"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply? Significant economic disparity exists in Nebraska. Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen. Railroads are necessary to the farming industry. Transportation and commerce help Nebraska's economy.
Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.
What is the theme of this illustration? mc038-1.jpg The farming industry is in danger of collapse. Farmers have an important job in American society. Bankers and other professions are not kind to farmers. Many professions are related to others.
Farmers have an important job in American society.
In this Topic, you read the following text: "The Freedmen's Bureau helped reunite families that had been separated by slavery and war. It negotiated fair labor contracts between former slaves and white landowners. By representing African Americans in the courts, the Bureau also established a precedent that black citizens had legal rights. The Freedmen's Bureau continued its efforts until 1872." Based on the text, which piece of legislation would eventually extend the legal goals of the Freedmen's Bureau? Fourteenth Amendment the black codes Ten Percent Plan Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
"I consider the danger which threatens civilized society from the growing power of a sect whose views on prohibition are merely an exemplification of their general low estimate of man's ability to rise to higher things... Already the government of our State, and indeed of a good many other States, has passed practically into the hands of a few preacher-politicians of a certain creed. With the machine they have built up, by appealing to the emotional weaknesses of the more or less unintelligent masses, they have lifted themselves on to a pedestal of power that has enabled them to dictate legislation or defeat it at their will . . ." —Percy Andreae, "A Glimpse behind the Mask of Prohibition," 1915 What is Andreae's position on Prohibition? He supports it, because it would produce a healthier, more productive society. He opposes it, because it will cause a large increase in organized crime. He opposes it, thinking that only a minority backs Prohibition and will impose it unfairly. He supports it, because majority opinion is in favor of the amendment.
He opposes it, thinking that only a minority backs Prohibition and will impose it unfairly.
How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era? He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning. He came from an impoverished rural background. He pledged to lead a corruption-free administration. He argued against the gold standard, supporting silver instead.
He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.
"I was not hostile to the white man... We preferred our own way of living. We were no expense to the government then. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone. Soldiers were sent out in the winter, who destroyed our villages. Then 'Long Hair' [Custer] came in the same way. They say we massacred him, but he would have done the same to us had we not defended ourselves and fought to the last. Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight. ... I came here with the agent [Lee] to talk with the big white chief, but was not given a chance. They tried to confine me, I tried to escape, and a soldier ran his bayonet into me. I have spoken." —Crazy Horse Based on this text, what would Crazy Horse have thought of Manifest Destiny? He would have supported the goals of those who believed in Manifest Destiny. He would have opposed the goals of those who believed in Manifest Destiny. He would have thought that Manifest Destiny did not affect his people. He would have supported the goals of Manifest Destiny, but not the way it was carried out.
He would have opposed the goals of those who believed in Manifest Destiny.
"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial result for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the sole agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer—doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves."—Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 What is Carnegie's message in the text above? It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society. America is a land of opportunity, where anyone can work to make a fortune. People who are wealthy deserve the money that they have. Regardless of social class, everyone should accept their place in society.
It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society.
How did the federal government affect the practice of mining in the West? It instituted a high tax on all mined materials. It enacted stricter laws for water usage and land reclamation. It provided land and patents for new inventions for large mining companies. It called for higher populations of Mexican and Chinese immigrants to enter the nation
It provided land and patents for new inventions for large mining companies.
"I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice. . . . I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. . . . Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates." —Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms Of which literary movement or group is this work by Ernest Hemingway representative? Modernists Muckrakers Lost Generation Harlem Renaissance
Lost Generation
Use the information below to answer the following questions. nar002-1.jpg Why did minority groups receive limited benefits from Progressivism? Many Progressives held racist ideas about minority groups. Few minority groups actively worked for their own rights. Minority groups did not wish to Americanize. The Supreme Court barred minority groups from having increased rights.
Many Progressives held racist ideas about minority groups.
Which of the following can be determined from the information in the two charts? mc009-1.jpg McKinley carried larger states, while Bryan carried smaller ones. A state's electoral votes are not entirely dependent on its population. McKinley carried states with large numbers of electoral votes. Bryan carried Southern states, while McKinley carried those in the North.
McKinley carried states with large numbers of electoral votes.
What was the main reason for the drop in cotton prices between 1865 and 1890? Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton. The boll weevil decimated the southern states' cotton supply. Other crops became more popular in the textile industry. The southern states could not export as much cotton to the North.
Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton
Which of the following resulted from the 1913 coal miners' strike in Ludlow? President Wilson ordered the mining company to negotiate with the workers. President Wilson sent federal troops to protect the miners during their strike. The Colorado National Guard opened fire on the miners' tent city. After a month-long strike, the mine owners met the miner's demands for safer conditions and higher pay.
The Colorado National Guard opened fire on the miners' tent city.
"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead. "It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. "Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief Joseph Which overall theme can best be inferred from this speech? New generations of American Indians would always remain strong. The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down. The Battle of Little Big Horn led to more conflicts between Plains Indians. Surrendering their values and land caused desertion within the Nez Percé.
The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down.
Why did the United States banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s? Interest rates for loans rarely fluctuated. Banks had full access to their reserves when customers wanted to withdraw money. Too many people controlled the reserve funds of the nation's banks. The nation had no central authority to supervise banks.
The nation had no central authority to supervise banks.
Why did the United States banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s? Too many people controlled the reserve funds of the nation's banks. Banks had full access to their reserves when customers wanted to withdraw money. The nation had no central authority to supervise banks. Interest rates for loans rarely fluctuated.
The nation had no central authority to supervise banks.
Which of the following can be determined from the information in the map? mc008-1.jpg The northern states have more electoral votes than the southern and western states. William Jennings Bryan was a popular candidate with lower-class people. The Populist Party was no match for the major parties in 1892. The electoral vote can win an election for a candidate who loses the popular vote.
The northern states have more electoral votes than the southern and western states.
Under President William Howard Taft, the federal government brought lawsuits against many corporations and trusts. continued Roosevelt's "rule of reason" policies. upheld the Standard Oil Trust. strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act.
brought lawsuits against many corporations and trusts.
How did the U.S. government encourage American industry in the late nineteenth century? by enacting protective tariffs by enforcing the Fourteenth Amendment by subsidizing the steel industry by passing laws to protect workers
by enacting protective tariffs
In what way did Booker T. Washington think the Tuskegee Institute could best help the African American community? by providing advanced education in medicine and law by organizing civil rights rallies by teaching practical skills by providing integrated education
by teaching practical skills
"Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, at the discretion of the court.—Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890 Which of the following best represents an illegal action under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? creating a large business that aims to eliminate market competition hiring laborers for long hours and low wages organizing a widespread labor strike selling shares of a business with little financial security
creating a large business that aims to eliminate market competition
Theodore Roosevelt supported powerful corporations (monopolies) as long as they bullied smaller companies. controlled railroads. did business fairly. gave to charities.
did business fairly.
Which of the following issues contributed to conflict over Reconstruction? divisions in the Supreme Court lack of interest in the executive branch differing opinions over the freedom of African Americans power struggles among Democrats in Congress
differing opinions over the freedom of African Americans
Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions. nar003-1.jpg Wilson's New Freedom worked to improve which of the following? international relations economic policy social welfare public education
economic policy
Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions. nar003-1.jpg Wilson's New Freedom worked to improve which of the following? social welfare economic policy international relations public education
economic policy
Wilson tried to protect workers by enacting economic reforms like lowering tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries. encouraging large manufacturers to charge high prices for their products. relaxing government controls on corporations. vetoing an income tax passed by Congress.
enacting economic reforms like lowering tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries.
Progressives that promoted Americanization efforts believed that assimilating immigrants would make them less loyal citizens. helped immigrants establish ethnic communities in urban communities. believed that the temperance movement unfairly targeted immigrants. encouraged immigrants to assimilate (follow white, middle-class ways of life.)
encouraged immigrants to assimilate (follow white, middle-class ways of life.)
"The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech In this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that businessmen have exploited small rural farmers. every worker contributes to the growth of the economy. employers are more important than their employees. workers create more wealth than businessmen.
every worker contributes to the growth of the economy.
Which action of President Johnson's directly led to his impeachment? granting pardons to Union officials firing a Cabinet member without Senate approval enforcing the Emanicpation Proclamation exceeding his annual limit of executive vetoes
firing a Cabinet member without Senate approval
The concept of "rational use" suggested that all wild areas be left untouched. the federal government sell Alaskan lands to business interests. private companies manage water resources. forests be preserved for public use.
forests be preserved for public use.
From which country did the rate of emigration to the United States drop between the 1870s and the 1880s? mc008-1.jpg France Norway Germany Italy
france
The themes of artist and writers of the Harlem Renaissance revealed the African Americans were
gaining confidence and pride in their cultural achievements
The themes of artists and writers of the Harlem Renaissance revealed that African-Americans were beginning to accept Marcus Garvey's philosophy. strengthening their communities in southern cities. fighting for civil rights. gaining confidence and pride in their cultural achievements.
gaining confidence and pride in their cultural achievements.
What step did the Populist Party support to reduce the cost of railroad shipping? having states control the railroads having unions control the railroads having the Populist Party control the railroads having the national government control the railroads
having the national government control the railroads
I make my money from supplying a public demand. If I break the law, my customers, who number hundreds of the best people in Chicago, are as guilty as I am. The only difference between us is that I sell and they buy. Everybody calls me a racketeer. I call myself a businessman." —Al Capone, quoted in Era of Excess (Sinclair) In this quote, what is Capone defending? his involvement in bribery his involvement in tax evasion his involvement in bootlegging his involvement in money laundering
his involvement in bootlegging
How did Congress respond to situations like the one pictured? mc006-1.jpg established the Ten Percent Plan ratified the Compromise of 1850 passed the Enforcement Acts created the Fifteenth Amendment
passed the Enforcement Acts
what did Calvin Coolidge suggest when he said, "the man who builds a factory builds a temple?"
people who build productive businesses deserve the highest respect
Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called trusts political machines commissions municipal services
political machines
"Meanwhile they live in a place of infernal dins. The crash and thunder of the machinery is like the roar of an immense cataract. The room shrieks and blares and bellows. Down in the midst of it sit these tiny urchins, where they earn fifty-five cents a day each. They breathe this atmosphere until their lungs grow heavy and sick with it. But they are uncowed; they continue to swagger. And at the top of the 'breaker' laborers can always be seen dumping the roaring coal down the wide, voracious maw of the creature."—Stephen Crane, "In the Depths of a Coal Mine," 1894 Crane describes young coal miners as mistreated but nonetheless happy satisfied healthy proud
proud
"Laws permitting, and even requiring, [racial] separation in places where [the races] are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other, and have been generally, if not universally, recognized as within the competency of the state legislatures in the exercise of their police power. The most common instance of this is connected with the establishment of separate schools for white and colored children, which has been held to be a valid exercise of the legislative power even by courts of States where the political rights of the colored race have been longest and most earnestly enforced. ... We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment...." —Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court of the United States (163 U.S. 537), May 18, 1896 The Supreme Court decision cited in the text declared that racial segregation was not unconstitutional. minorities could not be denied equal rights. rules to keep African Americans from voting were not constitutional. schools could only educate African Americans separately.
racial segregation was not unconstitutional.
"Laws permitting, and even requiring, [racial] separation in places where [the races] are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other, and have been generally, if not universally, recognized as within the competency of the state legislatures in the exercise of their police power. The most common instance of this is connected with the establishment of separate schools for white and colored children, which has been held to be a valid exercise of the legislative power even by courts of States where the political rights of the colored race have been longest and most earnestly enforced. ... We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment...." —Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court of the United States (163 U.S. 537), May 18, 1896 The Supreme Court decision cited in the text declared that rules to keep African Americans from voting were not constitutional. minorities could not be denied equal rights. racial segregation was not unconstitutional. schools could only educate African Americans separately
racial segregation was not unconstitutional.
How did the policies of President Harding and Coolidge reflect a change of direction in US politics?
they rejected social reform in favor of laissez-faire economic and support for big business
"The chief business of the American people is business. They are profoundly concerned with producing, buying, selling, investing, and prospering in the world. . . . We make no concealment of the fact that we want wealth, but there are many other things that we want very much more. We want peace and honor, and that charity which is so strong an element of all civilization. The chief ideal of the American people is idealism." — Calvin Coolidge, speech to the American Society of Newspaper Editors This quote explains why President Coolidge supported increasing regulations on businesses. shielding business owners from certain laws. reducing taxes to encourage the growth of businesses. supporting business with direct government funding.
reducing taxes to encourage the growth of businesses.
What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature? direct primary referendum initiative 19th Amendment
referendum
During Reconstruction, Republicans dominated new state governments because of Southern white voters who took loyalty oaths. the political support of freed African Americans who voted Republican and took positions in state and local governments. the political support of former Confederates leaders the efforts of carpetbaggers and a new crop of women voters.
the efforts of carpetbaggers and a new crop of women voters.
What does this 1917 political cartoon illustrate? mc019-1.jpg strong public support for the Nineteenth Amendment the failed attempts to stop passage of the Eighteenth Amendment the public concerns about the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment the public concerns about the effectiveness of the Eighteenth Amendment
the failed attempts to stop passage of the Eighteenth Amendment
This political cartoon references mc035-1.jpg the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City. the signing of the Pendleton Civil Service Act. the corruption in Ulysses Grant's administration. the efforts to relocate Native Americans to reservations
the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City.
What social problem did Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle describe? the ruthless business methods of John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil the struggles of black Americans the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards and meat packing industry the conflict between California farmers and the Southern Pacific Railroad
the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards and meat packing industry
The period of average price decreases coincided with mc017-1.jpg the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. the beginning of the Red Scare. the presidency of Warren G. Harding. the United States' involvement in World War I.
the presidency of Warren G. Harding.
"Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both of the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day. Unhampered by tradition, uncorrupted by power, undismayed by the magnitude of the task, the new party offers itself as the instrument of the people to sweep away old abuses, to build a new and nobler commonwealth." —Progressive Party Platform of 1912 This excerpt from the Progressive Party platform concerns which issue? corruption within the judicial branch of government suffrage for women and other disenfranchised groups the conditions under which the urban poor live and work the relationship between government and industry
the relationship between government and industry
In the nineteenth century, tenements such as this were examples of mc031-1.jpg the social issues affecting rural development. how foreign policies affected economic issues in cities. the social issues affecting urbanization. demographic shifts from urban to rural areas.
the social issues affecting urbanization.
The photographer intended this image to emphasize mc033-1.jpg the ceremonial clothing worn by Native American leaders. the strong connection between Native Americans and the land. the effect of Manifest Destiny on Native Americans. the violent nature of many Native American cultures.
the strong connection between Native Americans and the land.
"The people are demoralized; most of the States have been compelled to isolate the voters at the polling places to prevent universal intimidation and bribery. The newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are badly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform, 1892 When it was written, this excerpt from the Preamble was most likely written to appeal to businessmen. farmers especially. immigrants. workers of all types.
workers of all types