US History 1

Describe one way in which non-Europeans helped to facilitate European trade.

teaching them about trading procedures, sources of goods, and being able to see the quality of a product.

What was each cultural group of native Americans based on?

the environment they lived in

How did the Portuguese extract wealth from African coastlines?

they extracted wealth from the African coastlines by controlling shipping and trading routes. Their caravels would patrol the ports and collect large amounts of fees.

Why are the Mississippian Indians important?

they had markets to trade and they built the Cahokia mounds to live in

how are the creation stories of the Native Americans similar to each other?

Each creation story has to do with their god, or "Great Spirit". The spirit brought the land up from under the sea and grew the tree that gave birth to the first humans.

What impact does the Columbian Exchange have on food?

better nutrition leads to longer life expectancy, better tastes in food, and population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa

what was traded through the middle passage?

captured African Americans

name 5 items the Old World brought to america.

diseases, olives, coffee, horses, citrus fruits

mergantilism

economic theory that country gains power by building up its wealth, do this by selling goods to hoard wealth

What was the Enconmienda?

enslavement of Natives by Spanish colonists

Hernan Cortes

explorer who found present -day Mexico, and the Aztec empire and conquered it for Spain

in 1518. the spanish brought what over

first enslaved african Americans

What was the Columbian Exchange?

following Columbus and other European exploration of the Americas, exchange of animals, plants, culture, disease, ideas

Can you think of ways in which European exploration still has an impact on the present? Describe one.

for those countries that were invaded, they are still suffering from those riches being taken from them.

Francisco Pizarro

found present day India, conquered it and indiginous people

Both Pizarro and Cortés relied on

help from rival indigenous communities to help them take control from the Incas and the Aztecs.

What were the people in the Artic known for?

hunting, gathering, and fishing

what wee the Indians of the Northeast and Great Lakes known for?

hunting, gathering, slash and burn agriculture, longhouses

impact columbian exchange had on culture

massive diffusion, missionaries to convert to Christianity, schools built to spread European language, and religion and culture of Natives suffer

what were the gender roles in native American tribes?

men would do the hunting while women did the gathering and farming

what exports were included in triangular trade?

natural resources, cash crops, manufactured goods, and enslaves people

what impact did the Columbian Exchange have on economics?

new industries like cattle ranching, coffee growing, and roasting, a increased trade, and the encomenda system used natives to work lands

Slash and burn agriculture is

rotating the fields which simple crops. They use the three sisters, or corn, squash, and beans, which can be planted all together and on top of each other and they will replenish each other.

who was Christopher Columbus

ship captain who discovered the Caribbeans and enslaved indiginous people of the Caribbean.

What does the old world exclude?

the Americas and Caribbean

what came about with the Ottoman defeat of Constantinople (1453)-

this led to the Ottoman navy and the age of exploration because the Europeans needed to find new trade routes because of the Ottoman navy.

How did the Spanish Empire extract wealth from their exploration, starting with Columbus' 1492 trip

to extract wealth, they controlled the land and the people within it and the money would enrich the empire.

Why was the Iroquois League formed?

to form a permanent alliance, end inter-tribal warfare, and to unite against the Algonquin, their enemy

Triangular Trade

transatlantic trading network which connects Europe, Africa, and Americas.

What were the people in the plains known for?

Bison hunting, migration, and riding horses

what country did Portugal conquer of the New World?

Brazil

Malinche

Dona Maria as referred to by Spain, she helped Cortes by gathering allies for him and informing him of danger

Caravel

ships of the Portugese, nimble and could hold weaponry like canons

How many cultural groups of native Americans are there?

10

What three factors drove Spanish exploration?

God, Gold, and Glory.

when did explorers first cross the Atlantic?

late 1400s

how many different native American group were there within the Cultural groups?

156

How many tribes were included in the Iroquois league, to present day?

6

how much fat made up the diet of the people who lived in the artic ?

75% which came from seals

What were the 5 native American cultural groups discussed in the video?

Artic, Plains, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest

What tribal groups lived in the Artic?

Eskimos and Inuits

Why did Europeans explore and colonize the Americas?

Europeans explored and colonized the Americas because they were in search of better lifestyles. They believed that these lands had wealth, and valuable resources. Some also wanted to advance their military through colonization. Another reason was they wanted to convert the natives to Christianity.

What happened between 1519 and 1522?

Ferdinand Magellan found the straits of the tip of South America which opened the world to global trade, transportation, and global slavery, warfare, and conquest.

What countries did France conquer of the New World?

Haiti, Guadalupe, and Martinique

What are the tribes in the Southwest known for?

Living in clay houses and cliff dwellings because they practice maize or corn agriculture

who was Mansa Musa and how did he inspire the Portuguese?

Mansa Musa was the Malian king who conquered Mecca and became extremely wealthy. He inspired the Portuguese because he had an entourage of 60,000 people and huge quantities of gold, which is the position the portugese wanted to be in.

what countries did Spain conquer of the New World?

Mexico and South America

How were Native Americans and Europeans different in their views over land and property?

Native americans viewed land as something that is used but not owned. Land was seen not as someone's property but as "common to everyone." John Green quotes one of the tribe leaders on, " The great spirit gave it to his children to live upon and cultivate as far as necessary for their subsistence; and so long as they occupy and cultivate it, they have a right to the soil." Europeans saw land and property as a way to gain control and power over an area and its people, also as a way to gain wealth.

What countries did England conquer of the New World?

North America, Barbados, Jamaica

example of navigational technological advances of the 15th century

Portolan charts, astrolabes, quadrants, compasses, chronometer

What is Potosi? What impact did it have on Europe?

Potosi is an island, it is also present-day Boliva. It provided the Spanish with the wealth they had been searching for when they uncovered a huge deposit of silver

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal was significant because

Prince Henry of Portugal encouraged exploration, the study of navigation, and the development of tools to aid navigation. This was because Portugal was so poor and with the Ottomans empire, they needed to find wealth. Portugal soon started to find ways to reach Africa because of the "vast wealth" it is known for.

name 5 items America gave to the New World.

Squash, Avocados, Vanilla, Maize

Why did the Europeans have such a negative view of Native American Tribes?

The Europeans had such a negative view on the Native Americans for 3 reasons. One, was that they didn't have writing, another that they were able to have marital intimacy without feeling ashamed, and last they weren't christan. They were important to the Europeans because they felt it was their obligation to instill these values they had into these so called "savages."

How were African women essential to European trade?

The african women were essential because they provided inside information, local networks, and wealth including the enslaved. These women were the main forces behind trade networks.

How did the colonization of Native American tribes by the Spanish have a negative impact on the Native Americans? (Provide examples from the video).

The colonization of Native Americans by the Spanish had a negative impact on the Natives because the Spanish brought along diseases that eventually wiped out a lot of the Native American population. Also, while trying to convert the Native Americans to Christianity, the Natives began uprises and the Spanish began to enslave them and kill those who defied them. They were not tolerant of the religions of the Natives and started to punish those who believed in anything other than Christianity. The Spanish also forced the Natives to work and tortured them to the point where it is described as "Harshest, fiercest, most horrible servitude and captivity which no one who has not seen it can understand."

How would you describe Native American culture based on the description provided in Crash Course?

The native american culture was nomaticate and dominated by the natural resources available to them. So, if you lived near a coast, you would have a diet of mostly fish, and gathering food from the forest. Their religion involved the spiritual world where they believed in the souls of their ancestors. Most believed in one creator god who was on a higher level than the other gods they worshipped. Class differences such as rulers coming from the same family and wealth was evenly distributed. Most tribal leaders were men, but their children became part of their mother's family, unlike today where children become part of the father's family. Women played roles in religious life and even owned things, but not land.

why is the Witchita tribe important?

They were one of the few non- nomadic plains indians. They grew agriculture to supplement the meat

What are the tribes of the Southeast known for?

Those in the southeast had a lot in common with the tribes in the Southwest like living in clay houses and cliff dwelling and using agriculture as their main source of food.

Treaty or Tordesillas

Treaty that ended disputes between Spain and Portugal by creating a permanent line of demarcation.

Why do we not know enough about Spanish Colonization from the perspective of Native Americans?

We don't know enough about the Spanish Colonization from the viewpoint of the Native Americans because they could not write. No written form of what they went through was ever kept and preserved for us to be able to understand what happened.

what was the impact on indigenous people by the Columbian exchange?

attacks killed thousands in Central and South America, disease like smallpox and measles killed 90% of people