US History 1301 chapter 4

The language (with mixed African roots) spoken by African-American slaves on rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteenth century was known as: a. Ashanti. b. Yoruba. c. Creole. d. Gullah. e. Ibo.

d

All of the following statements are true of the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century EXCEPT: a. Although important, slave grown crops actually accounted for only a small portion of the value of the trade b. The profits from the slave trade in particular simulated the rise of key english ports c. New england and the middle colonies exported fish, grain, and lumber to the west indies d. Profits from the atlantic trade helped finance the early industrial revolution e. Europe was the primary market for colonial grown products such as rice and indigo

A

John Locke's political philosophy stressed: a. a contract system between the people and the government. b. the necessity of the monarch having absolute power. c. that mercantilism was necessary for a strong nation. d. religious toleration for all. e. that strong government prevented a "war of all against all."

A

Olaudah Equiano: a. Wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account b.Was popular with europeans for telling them that their culture was far superior to that of africans like himself c Demonstrated in his writings that he perfectly fit the stereotype that blacks were savages incapable of becoming civilized d. Was one of the fe children of african-american and native americn descent ever to be the chief of his indian tribe

A

The American Philosophical Society in its modest beginnings was called: a. the Junto. b. Cato's Club. c. Common Sense. d. Publick Occurrences. e. Britannia.

A

What did Junípero Serra hope to do in California? a. convert Indians to Christianity and to settled farming b. explore the Sacramento River basin to find gold c. claim the land for Spain and earn the praise of Queen Isabella d. stop the common practice of using Indians as forced laborers e. take over the Russian trading post at what is now Santa Barbara

A

Which of the following is NOT true of the Great Awakening? a. It's more subdued style of preaching appealed to a wider audience than the older, bombastic style employed by the Puritans. b. It was due in part to concerns among ministers that religious devotion was in decline due to economic growth. c. It involved several denominations, not just Congregationalists. d. it increased social tensions because ministers criticized certain aspects of colonial society such as commercialism and slavery. e. It was a transatlantic movement and not just an American one.

A

Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War? a. strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire b. the founding of the new colony of Ohio in territory acquired from France c. a weakening of liberties as France made gains in North America d. the creation of a central colonial government under the Albany Plan of Union e. increased popularity of the Anglican Church among ordinary colonists

A

Which of the following was true of Georgia? a. Colonists sought self-government to gain the right to introduce slavery. b. It was the only colony to maintain a ban on liquor until independence. c. The philanthropists who founded it expected slavery to help the lower class Englishmen they brought to the colony. d. Its residents invaded Florida and took it from Spain in the War of Jenkins' Ear. e. It was named for the most important British queen of the eighteenth century.

A

How did John Locke reconcile his belief in natural rights and his support for slavery? a. He did not have to, because he opposed slavery. b. He believed that the free individual in liberal thought was the propertied white man. c. His belief in democracy meant that if a majority wanted to own slaves, they should be free to do so. d. He explicitly argued that Africans were not truly human and therefore possessed no natural right to liberty. e. He suggested that natural rights only applied to the English, not to other Europeans and certainly not to Africans.

B

How did colonial politics compare with British politics? a. British politics were far more democratic, befitting the British belief in liberty and the number of proprietary and royal colonies. b. Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote. c. Most colonies, unlike Britain, at least allowed propertied women to vote. d. Elections throughout the colonies were more hotly contested than British ones, with many different candidates and parties represented on the ballot. e. Colonial politics proved far more corrupt until the Licentiousness Act of 1694.

B

In the chesapeake region, slavery: a. was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. c. was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s. d. allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. e. was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner.

B

In the eighteenth century, the Spanish empire in North America: a. consisted of a few small and isolated urban clusters until Great Britain conquered it by force. b. rested economically on trading with and extracting labor from surviving Native Americans. c. attracted thousands of settlers after Spain built a series of missions and presidios. d. helped the Native American population to grow considerably through the mission system. e. forced Spanish priests to choose between loyalty to the Pope and loyalty to the king.

B

John Peter Zenger's libel trial: a. resulted from his publication of news stories questioning the intelligence of the king. b. probably would not have ended in his acquittal if he had attacked someone other than the colonial governor. c. set back freedom of the press when it ended in his conviction and imprisonment for printing the truth. d. showed that the public was not yet ready to accept the idea of freedom of speech. e. led to the overturning of the Licentiousness Act of 1694.

B

Pontiac's Rebellion: a. greatly helped the British defeat the French in the Seven Years' War. b. although named for an Ottawa warrior, owed its origins as much to the teachings of a religious prophet. c. established the Mississippi River as the western boundary of British North America. d. ended with the surrender of all the Indian forces only six months after the fighting began. e. led Britain to adopt the policy of salutary neglect in its American colonies.

B

Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of __________ as the essence of liberty. a. protecting the natural rights of all humans b. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens c. a strong central state d. supporting royal authority as opposed to parliamentary authority e. voting rights for all adult men

B

Slave resistance in the eighteenth century: a. was limited to running away, since mounting an armed rebellion would have been impossible and deadly. b. included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies. c. most famously included the War of Jenkins' Ear, fought over the habit that masters developed of slicing off the ears of rebellious slaves. d. prompted southern lawmakers to cut off slave imports from Africa and the Caribbean by mid-century. e. led to a strong but ultimately unsuccessful movement to abolish slavery in Georgia in the 1760s.

B

The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: a. the Indians along the frontier finally had to be subdued. b. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company. c.they had to aid the English, who were fighting Napoleon in Europe. d. taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians. e. French Jesuits were converting too many Indians to Catholicism, endangering the Protestant majority on the North American continent.

B

The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was: a. John Locke. b. George Whitefield. c. Cotton Mather. d. John Peter Zenger. e. James Oglethorpe.

B

The most successful colonial governors: a. blocked the rising power of colonial assemblies, thereby pleasing the king and Parliament. b. used their appointive powers and control of land grants to win allies in colonial legislatures. c. abolished the colonial judicial system, whose members frequently overturned their executive orders and legislative action. d. were able to stay in office during the Revolutionary War and went on to enjoy political power after independence. e. had to leave office after twelve years, because the king and Parliament imposed term limits.

B

What did Neolin tell his people they must reject? a. a pan-Indian identity b. European technology and material goods c. the enslavement of Africans d. an alliance with the French e. the use of English in trade negotiations

B

Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa? a. It had little effect on west africa, because the more the 90 percent of enslaved people came from east africa? b. It helped lead to the rise of militarized states on west africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves. c. It encouraged the expansion of west africa's domestic textile industry which supplies clothing for slaves d. It led to an increase in west africa's population during the 1700's as slave traders encouraged woman to have more childern who would then be sold into slavery e. Successfully united west african nations to resist european slave traders, who reluctantly ended the trade by 1763

B

Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia? a. The laws in those colonies created a very static institution with few differences among plantations, small farms, and cities. b. Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture. c. Because of the high death rates of Africans due to malaria, slave populations declined by 5 to 10 percent per decade during the 1700s. d. Because the governments of South Carolina and Georgia strictly enforced laws preventing sexual contact between whites and blacks, a significant population of racially mixed individuals never developed. e. Colonial law gave freedom to any slave who successfully escaped to Charleston or Savannah.

B

Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union? a. George Washington b. Benjamin Franklin c. William Pitt d. John Peter Zenger e. Thomas Jefferson

B

Deists shared the ideas of eighteenth-century European Enlightenment thinkers, namely that: a. the universe was unknowable. b. Christ's divinity was beyond question. c. science could uncover God's laws that governed the natural order. d. God did not exist. e. divine revelation was necessary for a proper understanding of truth.

C

During the eighteenth century, British patriotism: a. reflected the rise of Spain as Great Britain's traditional enemy, in place of France. b. emphasized England's freedom of religion. c. celebrated individual freedom and the rule of law. d. included the admission that slavery and freedom were wholly contradictory. e. was the subject of numerous satires by Benjamin Franklin.

C

During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies: a. lost political power to colonial governors. b. remained purely advisory bodies to the royal governor. c. became more assertive. d. concentrated on the patronage system. e. rejected the theories of the English Country Party.

C

In the northern colonies, slaves: a. lived in segregated but prosperous communities. b. became more important in New England after the Half-Way Covenant. c. were far less important to New England than the Middle Colonies. d. were forbidden by law to display any aspect of African culture in public. e. faced far harsher treatment than they did in the South.

C

Neolin, a Delaware Indian and religious prophet, helped inspire __________ Rebellion in 1763. a. Bacon's b. the Stono c. Pontiac's d. the Yamasee e. Leisler's

C

Property qualifications for holding office: a. were the same in every colony as they were for voting. b. meant that women served regularly in colonial legislatures. c. meant that the landed gentry wielded considerable power in colonial legislatures. d. existed for legislators but not for judges, who were esteemed for their legal ability. e. disappeared from Parliament before they were eliminated by colonial legislatures.

C

Revivalist preachers during the Great Awakening frequently: a. formed influential organizations dedicated to abolishing slavery. b. praised Deism. c. criticized commercial society. d. sought to avoid emotional styles of preaching. e. accepted financial support from colonial governments.

C

The American version of the Enlightenment: a. produced no one who achieved world renown, unlike the English and French versions. b. led to the increased popularity of Arminianism but not of Deism. c. was exemplified by Benjamin Franklin. d. had no impact on religion. e. was sparked by Isaac Newton's colonial tour in 1739.

C

The early South carolina economy focused on the export of deer skins and furs to england as well as on: a. the cultivation of cotton. b. small-scale manufacturing of firearms for use in raids against Spanish Florida. c. the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean. d. shipbuilding. e. copper mining.

C

The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion: a. surrendered without any bloodshed and agreed to pledge loyalty to the colony. b. were mostly former indentured servants upset over the colony's Indian policy. c. included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa. d. laid siege to Charleston but had to retreat when the Royal Navy brought reinforcements. e. were unsuccessful because of divisions over language and ethnicity.

C

Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: a. Were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in brithish north america. b. Did not have any slaves on farms c. Helped make the chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism d. Were far less successful than tobacco plantation that developed in the lower southern colonies e. Were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated

C

What did the British acquire from the Netherlands in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713? a. Sufficient gold to pay off the British national debt b. The right to trade at dutch outposts in what is now south africa c. The right to transport slaves from africa to spain's new world colonies d. New netherlands, which was then renames new york e. New holland, which later became known as Australia?

C

What did the Paxton Boys demand? a. that liquor not be banned in Georgia b. that slave codes be tightened in New York c. that the Indians be removed from Pennsylvania d. that the French be hanged in Quebec e. that John Peter Zenger be tried for treason

C

When brought to the New World, with regard to religion, slaves: a. gave up practicing African beliefs. b. quickly converted to Christianity. c. mixed elements of Christianity with African beliefs. d. looked to convert colonists to African religions. e. did not see a connection between African-based spirits and Catholic saints.

C

Which issue divided colonial governors appointed by the king and legislatures elected by colonists? a. Legislatures wanted universal white male suffrage, and the governors wanted to maintain the less democratic system under which British politics functioned. b. They were divided about how to respond to the lack of economic growth in the colonies—legislators wanted to act to help the economy, and governors preferred to let events take their course. c. To deal with a scarcity of gold and silver coins, legislatures supported printing paper money despite opposition from the governors. d. Governors wanted slavery outlawed because they considered it antithetical to the British idea of liberty, but legislators supported it. e. Governors wanted life terms for judges, and legislators sought elections every ten years.

C

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? a. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. b. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. d. More reformers lived in the North. e. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

C

Deists concluded that the best form of religious devotion was to: a. read the Bible. b. attend revival meetings. c. worship in organized churches. d. study the workings of nature. e. appeal to divine grace for salvation.

D

Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe, whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of: a. indentured servitude. b. a hereditary system. c. taxes. d. slavery. e. property requirements for voting.

D

It is estimated that between __________ percent of adult white men could vote in eighteenth-century colonial British America. a. 5 and 10 b. 25 and 40 c. 33 and 50 d. 50 and 80 e. 75 and 90

D

The British Country Party: a. declined in popularity as England became an increasingly urbanized country. b. underwrote the expenses of a large number of migrants to the American colonies. c. opposed the power of the landed gentry in British politics. d. sought to stop corruption in British politics. e. required its leaders to dress in work clothes to promote the idea of being "of the people."

D

The French in North America: a. had a rapidly expanding empire, in large part because of the strong encouragement the French government gave to citizens wanting to move to the New World. b. made it a point to avoid competing with the British. c. won control of the Ohio Valley in the Seven Years' War. d. were greatly outnumbered by the British on the continent. e. were notorious for their poor relations with Native Americans.

D

The assumption among ordinary people that wealth, education, and social prominence entitled leaders to public office was called: a. liberalism. b. Lockeanism. c. Deism. d. deference. e. Suffrage.

D

The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: a. occurred only after the colony's planters unsuccessfully sought to cultivate tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo. b. required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. c. would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s. e. is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.

D

The idea of liberalism in eighteenth-century British politics: a, had the same meaning as liberalism in twenty-first-century American politics. b. had mainly a civic and social quality. c. brought great wealth and power to its main voice, John Locke. d. was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being. e. prompted two eighteenth-century leaders, Joseph McCarthy and Hugh McCarran, to demand independence for Ireland.

D

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? a. to end the slave trade b. to protect the Indians c. to open up more land for settlement d. to bring stability to the colonial frontier e. to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France

D

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? a. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. b. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of the worlds commerce in the 1700s c. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and rhode island profited from the slave trade. d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland north America e. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the middle passage

D

"Salutary neglect" meant: a. providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system. b. colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary. c. failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists. d. the same thing that "child neglect" means today. e. British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.

E

As slave society consolidated in the chesapeake region, what happens to free blacks? a. They retained the same rights because they were free. b. Their population grew rapidly through natural reproduction. c. The British government ordered the colonies to treat them better. d. They bought increasing numbers of plantations. e. They lost many of their rights.

E

The 1741 panic in New York City that led to thirty-four executions was sparked by: a. a series of murders. b. the seizing of the armory. c. a rally of boisterous Irish. d. the imprisonment of twenty free blacks. e. a series of fires.

E

The British concept of liberty: a. allowed for unrestrained government authority, since restraints would contradict the very idea of liberty. b. meant that liberty and power could be compatible. c. was a constant reminder to the British that their governmental system was not the best means of preventing absolutism. d. had no connections to how the British viewed their empire. e. included both formal restraints on authority and a collection of specific rights.

E

The English finally became successful in defeating the French in the Seven Years' War under the leadership of: a. George Washington. b. Edward Braddock. c. Robert Carter. d. John Locke. e. William Pitt.

E

The language of British liberty: a. was Latin and Greek, reflecting the emphasis that the educated upper class put on the subject. b. did not include the idea that the people had the right to protest government actions. c. excluded those outside the "political nation" (meaning those who voted or held office). d. allowed those outside of office to speak openly, but not to write down their views. e. was used by humble members of society as well as by the elite.

E

The task system: a. was the most widely used form of labor discipline in British North America. b. allowed slaves to own a portion of the land they worked. c. meant that slaves were strictly supervised and had little autonomy. d. was created by the South Carolina assembly in response to the Stono Rebellion. e. assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.

E

Which one of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of the public sphere during the eighteenth century? a. the establishment of literary and philosophical clubs b. widespread literacy c. the proliferation of newspapers and libraries d. the trial of John Peter Zenger e. the founding of the California missions

E

Which one of the following statements about slaves in the Chesapeake is FALSE? a. Slaves learned English. b. Slaves participated in the Great Awakening. c. Slaves were exposed to white culture. d. Slaves began to experience family-centered communities. e. Slave communities remained distinctly African in culture.

E