U.S. History Ch. 16-17 Practice Test

Which statement identifies a change in American society during World War II? A. Economic opportunities for women increased B. Government regulation of the economy decreased. C. The Great Depression worsened. D. Racial tensions were eliminated.

A. Economic opportunities for women increased

Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials? A. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity . B. Only individuals who actually commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime. C. Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations. D. Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.

A. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity .

• Cash and Carry (1937) • Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal (1940) • Lend-Lease Act (1941) Which change in United States foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to World War II? A. a shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement B. an effort to become more neutral C. a movement from isolationism to containment of communism D. a desire to provide aid to both Allied and Axis powers

A. a shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement

During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because... A. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace B. more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups C. labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups D. new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

A. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace

President Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his belief that... A. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties B. Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe C. an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union D. Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons

A. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties

The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to... A. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I B. create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry C. support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia D. help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini

A. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I

Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that... A. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions B. the United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping C. the League of Nations could successfully enforce international law D. nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations

A. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions

The Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases deal were adopted prior to World War II primarily because these actions would... A. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war B. stop the spread of communism C. convince the American people that war was necessary D. create jobs to end the Great Depression

A. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war

During the early years of World War II, the Destroyer Deal and the Lend-Lease Act were efforts by the United States to... A. help the Allies without formally declaring war B. maintain strict neutrality toward the war C. negotiate a settlement of the war D. provide help to both sides in the war

A. help the Allies without formally declaring war

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the... A. impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis B. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression C. success of the pacifist movement in the United States D. role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs

A. impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis

". . . The Director of the War Relocation Authority is authorized and directed to formulate and effectuate [implement] a program for the removal, from the areas designated from time to time by the Secretary of War or appropriate military commander under the authority of Executive Order No. 9066 of February 19, 1942, of the persons or classes of persons designated under such Executive Order, and for their relocation, maintenance, and supervision. . . ." — Executive Order 9102, March 18, 1942 Shortly after this executive order was signed, federal government authorities began to... A. move Japanese Americans to internment camps B. deport German and Italian aliens C. detain and interrogate Chinese immigrants D. arrest the individuals who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor

A. move Japanese Americans to internment camps

In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to... A. provide economic aid to veterans B. reduce military expenditures C. ban racial segregation in the armed forces D. create government jobs for returning soldiers

A. provide economic aid to veterans

In the early 1940's, the "destroyers-for-military-bases deal" with Great Britain and the Lend-Lease Act were evidence that the United States... A. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest B. followed its policy of neutrality more strictly as World War II progressed in Europe C. believed that the Allied policy of appeasement would succeed D. wanted to honor the military commitments it had made just after World War I

A. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest

During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to... A. recruit women into wartime industries B. encourage women to serve in the armed forces C. promote women's suffrage D. support higher education for women

A. recruit women into wartime industries

World War I and World War II brought about changes for minorities and women because these conflicts led to... A. the creation of new job opportunities B. the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment C. a greater number of high-level management positions D. greater integration in housing and schools throughout the nation

A. the creation of new job opportunities

Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to... A. work on the development of an atomic bomb B. increase economic production to meet wartime demands C. defend New York City against a nuclear attack D. recruit men for the military services

A. work on the development of an atomic bomb

A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the... A. arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids B. passage of an open immi-gration law C. internment of Japanese Americans D. forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations

C. internment of Japanese Americans

Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives." Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island." Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor." Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians." Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action? A. A and B B. A and C C. B and C D. B and D

B. A and C

How did the personal diplomacy conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II affect the Presidency? A. Subsequent Presidents have refused to use this unsuccessful method. B. The President's role in shaping United States foreign policy was strengthened. C. The President's war powers as Commander in Chief were sharply reduced. D. Congress increased its power over the executive branch.

B. The President's role in shaping United States foreign policy was strengthened.

Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." These speakers would have made these statements during A. World War I B. World War II C. the Korean War D. the Vietnam War

B. World War II

In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime conditions justified the... A. use of women in military combat B. ban against strikes by workers C. limitations placed on civil liberties D. reduction in the powers of the president

C. limitations placed on civil liberties

Speaker A:"We must take action even if we are not sure it will work. To do nothing to stop them would be a repeat of the Munich mistake." Speaker B:"We must recognize the increasing interdependence of nations and join the United Nations." Speaker C:"Stopping the spread of communism can and must take several forms. We must be willing to do whatever is necessary." Speaker D:"Involvement in European affairs would be a mistake. We should not jeopardize our peace and prosperity over issues that Europe's ambitions and rivalries control." The "Munich mistake" mentioned by speaker A refers to a policy of... A. interdependence B. appeasement C. balance of power D. collective security

B. appeasement

This World War II cartoon was used to encourage Americans to "The gas you burn up in YOUR car in one whole year..." "...Would only take a light tank 653 miles" ".....So save it pal! My troups are more important" A. buy war bonds B. conserve natural resources C. serve in the armed forces D. work in war industries

B. conserve natural resources

What was a key challenge faced by the United States during World War II? A. lack of public support for the war effort B. fighting the war on several fronts C. difficulty gaining congressional support D. total reliance on naval power

B. fighting the war on several fronts

After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to... A. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union B. help European nations recover economically C. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe D. bring Nazi war criminals to justice

B. help European nations recover economically

Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime necessity? A. a ban on German-language books B. internment of Japanese Americans C. exclusion of Chinese immigrants D. adoption of the quota system of immigration

B. internment of Japanese Americans

The decision of the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the power of the president during wartime to... A. ban terrorists from entering the country B. limit a group's civil liberties C. stop mistreatment of resident legal aliens D. deport persons who work for enemy nations

B. limit a group's civil liberties

A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the... A. future role of the League of Nations B. morality of nuclear warfare C. commitment of troops without congressional approval D. civilian control of the military

B. morality of nuclear warfare

Which action best illustrates the policy of isolationism followed by the United States before it entered World War II? A. signing of a collective security pact with Latin American nations B. passage of neutrality legislation forbidding arms sales to warring nations C. embargo on the sale of gasoline and steel to Japan D. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's exchange of American destroyers for British naval and air bases

B. passage of neutrality legislation forbidding arms sales to warring nations

In the 1930s, Congress attempted to avoid the situations that led to United States involvement in World War I by... A. enacting a peacetime draft law B. passing a series of neutrality acts C. authorizing the deportation of American Communist Party members D. relocating Japanese Americans to internment camps

B. passing a series of neutrality acts

To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the... A. money borrowed from foreign governments B. sale of war bonds C. sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations D. printing of additional paper money

B. sale of war bonds

In the period following World War II, the United States established a long-term military presence in West Germany in an effort to... A. support the unification of Europe, by force if necessary B. stop communist expansion in Europe C. prevent the renewal of German aggression in Europe D. allow the United Nations to resolve international disputes

B. stop communist expansion in Europe

Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the "arsenal of democracy" by... A. financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy B. supplying war materials to the Allies C. creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war D. providing workers for overseas factories

B. supplying war materials to the Allies

What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II? A. to offer low-interest loans to the defense industry B. to provide economic aid to veterans C. to contain the spread of international communism D. to expand career opportunities in the military

B. to provide economic aid to veterans

During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers primarily because they... A. were known spies for Japan B. were seen as a security threat C. refused to serve in the United States military D. expressed their support for Italy and Germany

B. were seen as a security threat

During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they... A. served in military combat positions B. worked in jobs formerly held by men C. controlled most corporations D. chaired several congressional committees

B. worked in jobs formerly held by men

"Korematsu was not excluded from the military area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the . . . authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures." —Justice Hugo Black Korematsu v. United States, 1944 Which generalization is supported by this quotation? A. Individual rights need to be maintained in national emergencies. B. The Supreme Court lacks the power to block presidential actions taken during wartime. C. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances. D. Only the Supreme Court can alter the constitutional rights of American citizens.

C. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances.

How did the post-World War II baby boom affect American society between 1945 and 1960? A. It decreased the demand for housing. B. It bankrupted the Social Security System. C. It increased the need for educational resources. D. It encouraged people to migrate to the Sun Belt.

C. It increased the need for educational resources.

A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to... A. increase foreign trade B. limit the growth of industry C. conserve raw materials for the war effort D. encourage women to enter the workforce

C. conserve raw materials for the war effort

President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that the... A. world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear power B. Axis powers deserved total destruction C. early ending of the war would save many lives D. American public demanded that the bombs be used

C. early ending of the war would save many lives

Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." Which situation is Speaker B describing? A. destruction of crops during wartime B. need for importation of food products C. food rationing to support a war effort D. limitation of agricultural production through farm subsidies

C. food rationing to support a war effort

During World War II, this poster was used primarily to "Keep these hands off!" "Buy the New Victory Bonds!" A. contain the spread of communism B. create jobs for the unemployed C. gain financial support for the war D. convince women to fill vacant factory jobs

C. gain financial support for the war

The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to... A. renew support for the principle of separate but equal B. join the armed forces in record numbers C. increase efforts to end racial discrimination D. move back to the rural south

C. increase efforts to end racial discrimination

The war crimes trials of German and Japanese military officials following World War II established that... A. it is difficult to convict leaders of crimes against humanity B. civil liberties must be expanded for civilians during wartime C. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians D. genocidal acts are acceptable during wartime

C. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians

The United States Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) concerned... A. restricting freedom of the press B. the president's right to use atomic weapons C. limiting civil liberties during wartime D. the right of women to serve in military combat

C. limiting civil liberties during wartime

One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to... A. bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice B. force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor C. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust D. punish the German government for bombing England

C. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust

"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible." This quotation supports a foreign policy of A. imperialism B. appeasement C. neutrality D. economic sanctions

C. neutrality

A major purpose of the GI Bill (1944) was to... A. replace the draft near the end of World War II B. prohibit racial discrimination in the armed forces C. provide federal funds for veterans to attend college D. increase the number of women working in defense industries

C. provide federal funds for veterans to attend college

A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was... A. national segregation policies B. immigration quotas C. racial prejudice D. economic depression

C. racial prejudice

A major cause of the growth of state and Federal highway systems after World War II was the A. increased use of mass transit systems B. growing prosperity of inner-city areas C. rapid development of suburbs D. return of city dwellers to farm areas

C. rapid development of suburbs

As World War II was ending, the United States decided to join the United Nations mainly because the United States... A. sought to meet the American public's overwhelming demand for free-trade agreements B. wanted to continue to play the same role it had in the League of Nations C. recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required United States involvement D. wanted to stop the growing influence of newly independent developing nations

C. recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required United States involvement

Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt? A. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers' paychecks B. raising income tax rates C. selling war bonds D. enacting wage and price controls

C. selling war bonds

The rulings of the Supreme Court inDred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and Korematsu v. United States (1944) all demonstrate that the Supreme Court has... A. continued to extend voting rights to minorities B. protected itself from internal dissent C. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities D. often imposed restrictions on free speech during wartime

C. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities

"The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. "They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. . . ." —Preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty, 1949 This statement shows the commitment of the United States to the principle of A. colonialism B. neutrality C. militarism D. collective security

D. collective security

The United States became involved in World War II primarily because... A. Germany refused to pay its debts from World War I B. European democracies supported United States policies toward Germany and Japan C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not enforce the Neutrality Acts D. Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia

D. Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia

Which statement about Japanese Americans interned during World War II is most accurate? A. Many were forced to return to Japan at the conclusion of the war. B. No Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the United States armed services during the war. C. Most were released after signing a loyalty oath D. Many lost their homes and businesses

D. Many lost their homes and businesses

Based on a study of the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti (1920's) and the internment of Japanese Americans (1940's), which conclusion is most accurate? A. The Bill of Rights is not intended to apply to naturalized citizens B. Racial and ethnic hostilities are effectively checked by adherence to due process of law. C. Internment of suspected criminals is necessary during wartime. D. Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy

D. Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy

Which series of events leading to World War II is in the correct chronological order? A. Neutrality Acts → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → United States declaration of war on Japan B. Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts → United States declaration of war on Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor C. United States declaration of war on Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts D. Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → United States declaration of war on Japan

D. Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → United States declaration of war on Japan

Why was the United States called the "arsenal of democracy" in 1940? A. The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States B. Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil. C. The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war. D. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.

D. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.

What was one result of World War II? A. The arms race ended. B. The Cold War ended. C. Communism was eliminated. D. Two superpowers emerged.

D. Two superpowers emerged.

Between 1934 and 1937, Congress passed a series of neutrality acts that were designed primarily to... A. strengthen the nation's military defenses B. provide aid to other democratic nations C. create jobs for unemployed American workers D. avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I

D. avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I

"Arms Sales to Warring Nations Banned" "Americans Forbidden to Travel on Ships of Warring Nations" "Loans to Nations at War Forbidden" "War Materials Sold Only on Cash-and-Carry Basis" These headlines from the 1930s reflect the efforts of the United States to... A. maintain freedom of the seas B. send military supplies to the League of Nations C. limit the spread of international communism D. avoid participation in European wars

D. avoid participation in European wars

Prior to United States entry into World War II, Congress passed the Cash-and-Carry Act of 1939 and the Lend-Lease Act of 1941. These foreign policy actions showed that the United States... A. gave equal support to both the Allied and Axis Powers B. attempted to contain the spread of communism C. maintained a strict policy of isolationism D. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe

D. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe

Which wartime policy toward Japanese Americans was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 1944 ruling in Korematsu v. United States? A. deportation to Japan B. mandatory military service C. denial of voting rights D. confinement in internment camps

D. confinement in internment camps

After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from wartime to peacetime because the United States... A. possessed nuclear weapons B. raised tariffs on imports C. had collected its war debts from the Allies D. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction

D. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction

At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United States should continue the policy of... A. coexistence B. containment C. imperialism D. isolationism

D. isolationism

In 1988, Congress voted to pay $20,000 to each of the surviving Americans of Japanese descent who were interned during World War II because... A. the danger of war with Japan no longer existed B. all of the interned Japanese Americans eventually became American citizens C. the World Court ordered the United States to pay reparations D. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary

D. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary

In the 1930's, the United States attempted to avoid a repetition of the events leading up to United States involvement in World War I by... A. establishing the Good Neighbor policy with Latin American nations B. forgiving the foreign debts incurred during World War I C. officially recognizing the existence of the Soviet Union D. passing a series of neutrality laws

D. passing a series of neutrality laws

Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives." Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island." Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor." Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians." These statements most likely were made during the A. Versailles Peace Conference (1919) B. 1920s C. Great Depression D. post-World War II period

D. post-World War II period

During World War II, the federal government used rationing to... A. hold down prices of military weapons B. increase educational benefits for veterans C. increase imports of scarce products D. provide more resources for the military

D. provide more resources for the military

President Harry Truman supported a containment policy after World War II in an attempt to... A. limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons B. end colonialism in Africa and Asia C. bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice D. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries

D. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries

". . . it is known that there are Japanese residents of California who have sought to aid the Japanese enemy by way of communicating information . . ." — Culbert Olson, Governor of California, February 1942 This statement helped influence President Franklin D. Roosevelt to... A. ask Congress to declare war on Japan B. force most Japanese Americans to leave the United States C. send federal troops to guard California's capital D. restrict the civil liberties of Japanese Americans

D. restrict the civil liberties of Japanese Americans

An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that... A. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by World War I B. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact C. Japan declared war against the United States D. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

D. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

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