US History - Chapter 10 Study Guide

The Wealth of Nations

a book written by Adam Smith, in which he argued in favor of a free market where goods and services are exchanged with little regulation

Tecumseh

a shawnee leader; created a confederation of Indian nations which fell apart once he died

Toussaint L'Ouverture

a slave in Haiti who led the slave revolt there

Marbury v. Madison

an 1803 court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional(Judicial Review)

Embargo Act

an 1807 law that imposed a total ban on all foreign trade

Nonintercourse Act

an 1809 law that allowed americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France

John Quincy Adams

an American delegate who said that in the Treaty of Ghent "Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled"

John Marshall

appointed by John Adams as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Embargo

ban on trade

Tribute

bribe

Free Market

economic system in which goods and services are exchanged with little regulation

Democratic

ensuring that all people have the same rights

nationalism

excessive pride in one's nation

Empress of China

first American ship to trade with China

Hartford Convention

gathering of new englanders to protest the War of 1812 by threatening to secede from the Union

Laissez Faire

idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

Smuggling

importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws

Alien and Sedition Acts

in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be jailed or fined if they criticized the government or its officials

Judiciary Act (1789)

law that created the structure of the SC and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation

Napoleon

leader of France at the time

confederation

league of independent states or nations

Expedition

long voyage of exploration

War Hawks

members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

men who explored the Louisiana purchase for Thomas Jefferson

Barbary States

nations along the coast of North Africa

Treaty of Ghent

peace treaty signed by britain and the US at the end of the war of 1812

Judicial Review

power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are constitutional, and to reject a law it considers to be unconstitutional

Sacagawea

shoshone indian woman who acted as a "doctor" and translator for the Lewis and Clark expedition; also showed that they were a peaceful party because they had a woman with them

Zebulon Pike

the other guy who explored the Louisiana Purchase

Impressment

the practice of forcing people into service

Pinckney Treaty

treaty between spain and america that allowed americans to ship their goods down the Mississippi river and store them in New Orleans

Treaty of Greenville

treaty signed by some Native Americans in 1795, giving up land that would later become part of Ohio

Andrew Jackson

turned frontier fighters into a strong army, as well as took Pensacola and Spanish Florida to keep the British from using it as a base, then marched through Mobile and set up camp in New Orleans. his force consisted of frontier fighters, choctaw indians, and citizens of new orleans

Isaac Brock

used scare tactics to convince the Americans that the British were aiding the canadians

Louisiana Purchase

vast territory between the mississippi river and rocky mountains

Francis Scott Key

wrote the poem 'The Star Spangled Banner'

Adam Smith

"wealth of nations" advocated the idea of laissez faire; or government not involving themselves in the economy.

USS Constitution

A large warship owned by the US during the 1800's. It was used in the war of 1812.

War of 1812

A war declared by the United States against Britain in 1812

Albert Gallatin

Albert Gallatin was the secretary of the treasury under Thomas Jefferson. He was called the "Watchdog of the Treasury," and proved to be as able as Alexander Hamilton. He agreed with Jefferson that a national debt was a bane rather than a blessing. Using strict controls of the economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and he balanced the budget.

Battle of New Orleans

At the end of the War of 1812, a battle between british and american forces that ended in american victory

General William Hull

Attempted to invade Canada but failed because of Isaac Brock's scare tactics

Prophet

Tecumseh's brother, spiritual leader for native americans

Battle of Lake Erie

In the war of 1812, an american victory led by Oliver Perry against the British

James Madison

President of the United States of America at this time

Continental Divide

An imaginary line that runs north and south along the highest points of the Rocky Mountains. Rivers flow west or east from this line.

William Henry Harrison

General who defeated the Indian forces led by Tecumseh and the Prophet

Battle of Tippecanoe

In 1811, battle over white settlement in the Indiana Territory