US History Chapter 12
Describe the Supreme Court case Plessy vs Ferguson
It allowed legalized separation between blacks and whites for the next 60 years. "Separate but Equal" But in the end, blacks and whites were indeed separate, but were NOT equal.
What was important about the Supreme Court cases?
It caused the African Americans to take a step back from "achieving" their civil rights.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Radical Republicans were a political party in which their views were "radical". They were very different from everyone elses. Mainly, they were supporting blacks, and fighting for their cause.
What Supreme Court cases didn't help African American's quest for civil rights?
-Slaughterhouse Case -U.S. vs Reese -Plessy vs Ferguson
What were the Jim Crow Laws?
They were laws in the South which kept blacks separate from whites.
What were the two main goals of the KKK?
1. To restore white supremacy 2. To take away political and economical power from blacks
Define Carpetbaggers
A name Democrats used to call white northerners who moved to the south after the war to help out the African Americans
Define Scalawags
A name Democrats used to call white southerners who joined the Republican Party.
What is amnesty?
A pardon or forgiveness
Describe Freedman's Bureau
A program that gave freed slaves clothing, food, schools, health care, teacher-training programs, etc. Basically, it took care of blacks. Until it was "retired" in 1872.
Define Tenant Farming
A system in which "croppers" would save money to buy their own tools. Often could drive a better bargain with land-owners. Sometime even rent land for cash to keep all of their crop come harvest time. (Most of the time, blacks were very unsuccessful with this. They didn't make enough to pay back debts).
Define Sharecropping
A system in which land-owners would divide their land, give a few acres, tools, and seeds to either a free black man or a poor white. At harvest time, the worker would give up a share (often half) of his crops to the land-owner.
Why was President Johnson impeached?
Accused of violating the Tenure of Office Act.
Why did Hayes win the election?
Because he agreed to certain terms presented by Democratic's (Compromise of 1877)
Who are the only 2 presidents in our history to be impeached?
Bill Clinton & Andrew Johnson
Describe Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
Called the 10% plan. He wanted the terms of re-admittance of the states to be lenient. The Government would pardon all Confederate who would swear allegiance to the Union. When 10% of these Confederates alleged, a new state could form, as well as a new state governement, and gain representation in Congress.
14th Amendment
Citizenship
What did the Compromise of 1877 state?
Hayes promised to remove all federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina, to appoint a southerner to Hayes' Cabinet, and to give federal money to build a railroad from Texas to the West Coast, as well as to improve rivers, bridges, and harbors in the South.
Who was Hiram Revels?
He was the first black man in the Senate.
What did the Panic of 1873 do to the economy?
It was sort of a "financial freak-out". A 5 year depression, the stock market temporarily crashed, backs were failing, and unemployment rate was very high.
Why was the election of 1876 so interesting/unique?
It was the first time in history that the president didn't win the popular vote.
Who killed President Lincoln? When? Where?
John Wilkes Booth. At Ford's Theatre. On April 15, 1865.
What were Black Codes
Laws in the South that restricted blacks from pursuing their rights.
List all of the presidents in order (from this chapter)
Lincoln Johnson Grant Hayes
13th Amendment
No more slavery
Was Johnson convicted?
No. He was found not guilty by one vote.
Who won the election of 1876?
Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
What was the Tenure of Office Act?
Stated that once you are appointed in the Presidents Cabinet, you're in there for the entire term. You can't be "fired".
Define Impeach
To formally accuse of wrong-doing. Accused by the House of Reps
15th Amendment
Voting Rights (only MEN)
Describe the Radical Republicans Reconstruction Plan
Wanted to punish all of the South, instead of just the leaders. They wanted the re-admittance of states to be "harsh". They didn't want it to be easy. States would be ruled by the military until new laws were put in place. Supported all civil rights to African Americans.
Describe Johnson's Reconstruction Plan
Wanted to punish the leaders of the South, instead of everyone. More leniet than the Radical Republicans plan for re-admittance of the states, but more harsh that Lincoln's. African American's should not be granted the right to vote.