US History Chapter 28-29

Pushed state legislatures and federal government

At what level (city, state, or nation) did Progressive reforms first go into effect?

Western states

Before the passage of the 19th Amendment, women could vote in some states - where were most of these states located?

"Leave it alone", Allowed corporations to do whatever they wanted

What does the term "laissez-faire" economics mean?

Divided the Republican Party and allowed the democrats to win

What effect did the Bull Moose Party have on the election of 1912?

Women campaigned the right to vote, kicked off women's suffrage movement

What happened at the Seneca Falls Conventions and why is it important?

146 workers were killed in a fire, demonstrated the need for laws to regulate factories

What happened at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire and why is it important?

To provide a stable base of income for the Federal Government through graduated taxation, Allowed for prohibition of alcohol, Anyone who works has to pay taxes

What is the 16th Amendment?

Allowed for direct election of US Senators, political machines were weakened, as they used to elect Senators

What is the 17th Amendment?

Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol, Success of the temperance movement, Rise of gangsters

What is the 18th Amendment?

Voting rights for all American women

What is the 19th Amendment?

Big stick policy

What is the term for Roosevelt's diplomatic policies?

Give money to Senators to buy drinks for ladies.

What is the trick to remember the Progressive Amendments?

Roosevelt worked with the coal miners but the previous presidents didn't care

What was Roosevelt's stance on the Pennsylvania coal miner strike? How did this differ from previous presidents?

Bad living conditions, Bad factory conditions, Bad food

What was it about cities that made them a natural place for the beginnings of the progressive movement? [think of the conditions of cities around 1900]

"Fair deal", for workers while reconciling this with the needs of businesses, Welcomed legislation that monitored and regulated big business

What was the "Square Deal"?

Control of Corporations, Consumer Protection, Conservation of Natural Resources

What was the Square Deal's 3 main areas of focus?

Another extension of Social Darwinism and considered 'cutting-edge science'; Desirable and undesirable traits must have been inherited by superior or inferior ancestors

What was the eugenics movement all about? How did it seek to accomplish its goals? What philosophy or ideas were behind their movement?

Dollar Diplomacy

What was the term for Taft's diplomatic policies?

Payne-Aldrich Tariff, Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy, Speaker of the House Controversy, Taft's antitrust suit against US Steel

What were the four reasons that caused Roosevelt to withdraw his support for Taft, and run against him in the next election?

Roosevelt-Discriminated between "good trusts" and "bad trusts", broke up bad trusts to set an example for others; Taft-Busted twice as many trusts in 4 years, Busted "good trusts" that was approved by Roosevelt

Compare the "trust-busting" of Roosevelt to that of Taft.

Means different things to different people at different times; It is defined by those who are involved in the movement and want to make themselves look good, we must always look at each issue on its own

Does "Progressive" really mean "progress"?

History of the Standard Oil Company, Targeted company's abuses so effectively that company was prosecuted in 1911, Ran American magazine to campaign for honest government and end business abuses

List (a) the issue they exposed, (b) the title of their publication, and (c) the effects - in the form of a specific law or government action: Ida Tarbell

How the Other Half Lives, Indictment of the misery of New York slums, Great influence on NY City Police Commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt, Had people clean the city and most tenements were destroyed

List (a) the issue they exposed, (b) the title of their publication, and (c) the effects - in the form of a specific law or government action: Jacob Riis

The Jungle, Exposed conditions of Chicago's meat packing plants, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act

List (a) the issue they exposed, (b) the title of their publication, and (c) the effects - in the form of a specific law or government action: Upton Sinclair.

Mental disabilities, Epilepsy, Alcoholism, Criminals, Blind, Deaf, The poor, The homeless, The immoral, New immigrants, African-Americans

List groups of people who were considered "undesirable" by eugenicists?

Progress - Political corruption, working conditions, child labor, voting rights; Backward - Eugenics

List the goals of the Progressives and decide which actually represent progress, and which are really backwards.

Populists came from the farms, progressives come from the cities

The Populists and the Progressives had many similar ideas. Why did the Populists fail, but the Progressives win? [has to do with geography/location]

Direct primary

The nomination of a party's candidates for office through a special election of that party's voters

Initiative

The procedure whereby voters can, through petition, present proposed legislation directly to the electorate

Referendum

The submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct vote of the people

Populist Party

What 19th century 3rd party did the Progressives draw inspiration from?

The forgettable Presidents, Not much power and did not do much, Congress had the majority of the power, Political corruption, Grant, Hayes, Cleveland

What are the Gilded Age Presidents?

Focus on domestic policy, Government gets more involved, wanted more reforms, Pushed state legislatures and federal government to fix problems, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Woodrow Wilson

What are the Progressive Presidents?

Women's Christian Temperance Union, Campaign for restrictions and bans on alcohol

What does the "WCTU" stand for and what were its goals?

Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Woodrow Wilson

Which 3 presidents are considered the "three Progressive Presidents"?

Margaret Sanger

Which eugenicist founded Planned Parenthood?

Adolf Hitler

Which famous European dictator based many of his policies on American eugenics laws?

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

Who said this and in what book? There were the wool pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their bare hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off. There were those who made the tins for the canned meat, and their hands, too, were a maze of cuts, and each cut represented a chance for blood poisoning. ...

Ida Tarbell, the history of Standard Oil company

Who said this and what was it about? Rockefeller has never lowered the price if it could be avoided, and in times of public stress he has taken advantage of the very misery of the poor to demand higher prices... Does it pay the public to trust the control of a great necessity of life to such a man?

Teddy Roosevelt, before 1912 Bull Moose Party Speech

Who said this and when? Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose! But fortunately I had my manuscript, so you see I was going to make a long speech, and there is a bullet - there is where the bullet went through - and it probably saved me from it going into my heart. The bullet is in me now, so that I cannot make a very long speech, but I will try my best.

President Teddy Roosevelt

Who said this? We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible, this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country, the coal, iron, oil, gas,... does not reproduce itself, and therefore is certain to be ultimately exhausted; and wastefulness today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would.

Kansas WCTU member, enforced the law that banned alcohol

Who was Carrie A Nation and what did she do?

Represents the point of view of someone against Women's suffrage, explains the future that could be a reality if women get the right to vote, this future being one that will give women the power to take up roles that men would usually have, puts men in the role of women

Women's Suffrage Propaganda Poster analysis