US History Chapter 28
What was the significance of the "falling-domino" theory?
Describing how quickly communism would spread once it infiltrated a nation, the theory was used by Eisenhower to justify beginning conflicts such as the Vietnam War, despite the fact that anti-colonial insurgencies often resulted from nationalist motives.
The First Indochina War ended when the French suffered a major defeat at:
Dien Bien Phu
In 1957, nine African American students attended Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas for the first time. Which of the following statements accurately describes the actions taken by Eisenhower?
Eisenhower reluctantly dispatched federal troops there to maintain law and order, angering many southern politicians.
Adlai Stevenson was:
Eisenhower's opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956.
Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by
France
In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was:
German submarine warfare.
As a result of the Truman Doctrine:
Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism.
What stance did Eisenhower take in terms of New Deal programs?
He retained most New Deal programs and even expanded some of them, while also working to rid the government of the "excesses" that had resulted from many years of Democratic control.
Encouraged American propaganda broadcasts through Radio Free Europe, ________ nationalists rebelled against occupying Communist troops in 1956.
Hungarian
What was the significance of the Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)?
It created a large network of interstate highways, which in turn helped create jobs, tourism opportunities, and economic growth.
What was one way in which the 1957 Soviet launch of Sputnik was significant?
It led to increased U.S. government funding for science education and defense spending.
What trend did home ownership tend to follow between 1945 and 1960?
It significantly increased.
What was the Supreme Court's decision in the case Brown v. Board of Education?
It struck down "separate but equal" in public education.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
It was a civil rights organization led by Martin Luther King Jr. that coordinated activities between a cluster of organizations such as churches and community groups.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the baby boom in the United States?
It was a postwar trend that reinforced the idea that a woman's place was in the home and helped drive economic growth due the market of goods centered on children.
What was the phenomenon of "white flight" in the 1950s after the Second World War?
It was the movement of many whites to suburbs in response to the migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities in search of better opportunities after the war.
What was the state of car ownership in America by 1955?
Most American households owned a car, resulting in a greater range of choices such as the growth of fast-food restaurants as well as unintended consequences such as environmental pollution.
The 1946 congressional elections resulted in:
Republican control of Congress.
Which statement best describes the Allied invasion against Sicily in July 1943?
Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing.
What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf?
The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Beats?
This controversial group of artists was self-absorbed and reckless, and often rejected traditional responsibilities of middle-class life.
The second-place finisher in the 1948 election was:
Thomas Dewey.
During Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, moderate republicanism involved the promise of restoring the authority of state and local governments.
True
In the civil war that broke out in Greece after World War II, the United States assisted the British-supported government.
True
Within a few months of the end of World War II, there were strikes and other labor disputes in many key industries.
True
The 1948 election is probably best remembered for:
Truman's upset victory.
What agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?
War Production Board
Which of the following differentiated the postwar era from earlier periods of prosperity?
a consumer culture in which a large number of people participated
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:
a massive Chinese intervention.
According to the advertisements in popular magazines at the time, the ideal woman of the mid-1950s was
a white suburban housewife.
In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by:
adding up to six additional members.
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947:
allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes.
At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to all of the following EXCEPT:
an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.
With the end of World War II, Korea:
became divided into northern and southern halves.
In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States:
became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.
By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:
belonged to a church
While college enrollments soared in the postwar period:
black veterans encountered barriers to entrance.
Elvis Presley's recordings:
blended a variety of musical styles.
One of rock and roll's most important contributions was to:
bridge class and racial divisions.
The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:
cold war-related military spending.
The single most important stimulant to the postwar economy was
cold war-related military spending.
The Potsdam Declaration:
demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction."
By the mid-1950s, an increasing number of workers:
did mental rather than physical labor.
Due to shrinking military production, a deep recession followed the end of World War II.
false
J. Strom Thurmond was from New York.
false
The youthful rebels known as the Beats:
favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz.
The interstate highway system was:
funded by gasoline taxes.
Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to:
gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean.
With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to:
give up their jobs to returning veterans
With the end of the Second World War, women workers who had taken on traditionally male jobs during the war were encouraged to
give up their jobs to returning veterans.
Life magazine's ideal woman of the mid-1950s was:
having babies
A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was:
high rates of inflation.
Labor's new direction in the late 1930s was toward:
industrial unions.
In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:
invading the Soviet Union.
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
The mobilization of women in the labor force during World War II:
led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.
Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:
liberalism.
Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:
new construction of mass public transportation.
Blacks who moved to northern cities found:
new problems and forms of exploitation.
Blacks who moved to northern cities tended to find
new problems due to racial prejudice but better lives overall.
What tactic did Martin Luther King Jr. and the activists who organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott follow in their protest?
nonviolent civil disobedience
In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the
persistence of poverty in the 1950s.
In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:
persistence of poverty.
A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:
prevent the return of the Depression.
An important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to
prevent widespread unemployment.
After the war, Americans were most eager to:
purchase
One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the:
racist nature of the enemies of the United States.
The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act):
raised taxes on incomes above $50,000.
In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:
retained most programs and even expanded some.
The music Alan Freed labeled "rock 'n' roll" was actually
rhythm and blues.
The music Alan Freed labeled "rock and roll" was actually:
rhythm and blues.
Many concerned observers blamed teen delinquency on:
rock and roll.
The first step in Egyptian General Gamal Abdel Nasser's bid to become the leader of the Arab world was
seizing the Suez Canal.
What was the policy of "massive resistance" as promoted by senators such as Harry F. Byrd of Virginia?
southern opposition led by the Citizens' Councils and local and state governments against federal efforts to integrate public schools
The American policy of "massive retaliation" refers to the
strategy of using the threat of nuclear war to prevent Communist aggression and, thus, keeping the financial cost manageable.
In the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision, the Supreme Court:
struck down "separate but equal" in public education.
Jack Kerouac wrote on what topic?
the Beats
In early 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in:
the State Department.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in
the U.S. Army.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:
the U.S. Army.
One of the factors that contributed to religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was
the desire to combat "godless" communism.
One major reason for religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was:
the desire to combat godless communism.
Before becoming president, Eisenhower was MOST shaped by his experience in
the military.
Before becoming president, Eisenhower was most shaped by his experience in:
the military.
The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in
the suburbs.
The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:
the sunbelt.
Truman fired MacArthur:
to preserve civilian control of the military.
When the U-2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, Eisenhower first:
tried to cover it up.
By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing
uniformity
By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:
uniformity.
The nation's suburban population by 1970 was overwhelmingly:
white
Why did the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) work to replace the leaders of Guatemala and Iran in the 1950s?
Both countries had governments viewed as "unfriendly" regimes, and it was feared they would join the Soviet bloc.
How did Eisenhower describe his domestic policy of dynamic conservatism?
"conservative when it comes to money, and liberal when it comes to human beings"
What was one way in which the intervention of the United States in Iran in the 1950s was significant?
A CIA-engineered coup in Iran was viewed as successful and emboldened Eisenhower to authorize other secret operations to undermine governments thought to be falling victim to communism.
"D-day" refers to the:
Allied invasion at Normandy.
Which of the following statements accurately describes President Eisenhower's civil rights record?
Although committed in principle, he took a very passive approach to civil rights in reality, preferring to leave the issue to local and state governments.
Which of the following is an accurate assessment of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960?
Although they were the first civil rights laws since the late nineteenth century, they ultimately were watered down in terms of enforcement and, thus, failed to have much consequence.
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the United States in the 1950s?
Although white, middle-class Americans enjoyed unprecedented economic growth, the idealized image of America at the time was much more complicated in terms of race and class, and many feared what the new age of nuclear terror might bring.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of the GI Bill on African Americans?
Benefits experienced by African Americans were limited because for example, most colleges and universities remained racially segregated and refused to admit blacks.