U.S History Exam 1

The Virginia House of Burgesses A. was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government. B. was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival. C. banned the importation of both indentured servants and African slaves. D. had more power than the royally appointed governor. E. was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony

B. was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival.

What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa Indentured servants never changed owners After giving birth, indentured servant women had to give up the child to the owner. The indentured servants could freely choose their spouse. Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped and found permanent freedom. Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies.

Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies.

What did Anne Hutchinson's critics accuse her of? a. Antinomianism: she put her own judgement above human law and the teachings of the church. b. Indecency: she wore revealing clothing. c. Judaism: she renounced Jesus Christ. d. Catholicism: she named the pope as the head of the church. e. Fraud: she stole money from the offering trays.

a. Antinomianism: she put her own judgement above human law and the teachings of the church.

Why did Indians exercise more power in their relations with the French and the Dutch compared to the English? a. The French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners than were the English. b. The first French and Dutch settlements, unlike the English settlements, never failed and were long-lasting. c. The Indians in New England had no interest in trading with English settlers there and vice versa. d. The Indians in the French and Dutch colonies were more likely to be immune to European diseases. e. The French and Dutch, unlike the English, never allowed indentured servants to come to America.

a. The French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners than were the English.

The Virginia Company's establishment of the headright system in 1618 a. gave fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage, which in effect awarded large estates to anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants. b. gave widows the entirety of their husbands' properties in perpetuity, which undermined the patriarchal social order. c. abolished indentured servitude and slavery and dispersed all plantation owners' lands to former servants and slaves. d. forbade the development of large plantations, which hindered the spread of tobacco farming. e. gave every former indentured servant fifty acres of land, which created the basis for a more socially equal society than that of Massachusetts.

a. gave fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage, which in effect awarded large estates to anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants.

In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England a. grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings. b. was not as deeply religious. c. did not stress family-based activities. d. focused on rice and tobacco. e. included even fewer women.

a. grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings.

The spread of tobacco farming in seventeenth-century Virginia a. helped to create a highly unequal society, dominated economically and politically by an elite plantation-owning class. b. led to a decline in profits for the colonial government and the crown. c. impoverished the landholding elite and allowed poor laborers to acquire most of the land. d. discouraged land speculation and reduced the demand for field labor. e. led to a remarkably equal, socially unified society, centered on networks of closely connected towns.

a. helped to create a highly unequal society, dominated economically and politically by an elite plantation-owning class.

The Dutch settled New Netherland a. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State. b. on the island later known as Newfoundland. c. on the gulf coast of what later became Florida. d. on the Pacific coast of what later became California. e. along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec.

a. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.

How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership? a.They viewed land as a common resource to use.b.They treated land as a space for only hunting, not farming.c.They treated land as an economic commodity.d.They considered land as a trading opportunity.e.They viewed land as a possession owned only by individuals, not families.

a.They viewed land as a common resource to use.

French colonizers in New France a.established the most enduring alliances between settlers and Indians in colonial North America.b.treated native Indian people much less humanely than the Spanish and English did.c.established hundreds of slave plantations.d.sent many more emigrants to the Western Hemisphere than England.e.brought Protestantism to Quebec.

a.established the most enduring alliances between settlers and Indians in colonial North America.

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans a.tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.b.immediately opened treaty negotiations regarding land and resources.c.promptly united against them in open warfare.d.immediately surrendered due to the Europeans' superiority.e.simply moved away to avoid any interactions with them.

a.tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.

What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? a. It was only signed by the wealthiest of the colonists. b. It was the first written frame of government in the American colonies. c. It formally acknowledged Indian ownership of their ancestral territories. d. It acknowledged that women had the right to vote. e. It established the headright system.

b. It was the first written frame of government in the American colonies.

What was an important impetus for English empire building in North America? a. England's rival, Ireland, had already established a colony in North America. b. The Protestant Reformation heightened England's sense of mission to spread Protestantism and liberate the Americas from Spanish "popery." c. England was determined to spread Catholicism to Native Americans. d. England believed that, as a great empire, it had a duty to share its wealth and knowledge with Native Americans. e. England wanted to create a trading relationship with Spain in the New World.

b. The Protestant Reformation heightened England's sense of mission to spread Protestantism and liberate the Americas from Spanish "popery."

What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa? a. Indentured servants never changed owners. b. Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped and found permanent freedom. c. Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies. d. The indentured servants could freely choose their spouse. e. After giving birth, indentured servant women had to give up the child to the owner.

b. Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped and found permanent freedom.

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch a. sought to imitate the Spanish. b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion. c. avoided warfare at all costs. d. called them members of a deceitful race. e. tried to drive Native Americans into the Puritan colony.

b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.

What happened to the population of the Americas as a result of contact with Europeans? a.Many Native Americans moved to Europe.b.It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement.c.The population stayed relatively stable.d.Many native inhabitants of South America moved to West Indian islands.e.The native population increased from 2 million to 20 million. 1 points

b.It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement.

Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest? a.Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Islandb.Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestownc.Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Islandd.Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Islande.Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown

b.Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestown

Which country first explored the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1400s, and soon thereafter established plantation slavery on the Atlantic islands off the African coast? a.Franceb.Portugalc.Spaind.Englande.China

b.Portugal

African enslavement of other Africans a.was the only kind of labor on that continent.b.involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.c.included no form of rights for the slaves.d.resulted from the arrival of Europeans.e.accelerated with the arrival of the French in the 1520s.

b.involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were a.urban, but lacking markets and trade networks. b.large, wealthy, and sophisticated. c.large in geographic size but sparsely populated. d.rural, with few impressive buildings. e.small in population but sophisticated in infrastructure.

b.large, wealthy, and sophisticated.

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now a.western Canada.b.the southwestern United States.c.the Yucatan Peninsula.d.the eastern United States.e.the northeastern United States.

b.the southwestern United States.

European society on the eve of colonization a.had no rigid class lines.b.was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship.c.allowed the majority of men a great degree of personal independence.d.valued freedom of expression and a free press above all else.e.valued gender equality above all else.

b.was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship.

Maryland was established as a refuge for which group? a. Pilgrims b. Puritans c. Catholics d. Quakers e. Native Americans

c. Catholics

How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society? a. She married John Smith and led the Jamestown colony alongside him, leading to an alliance between the English and Indians. b. Her conversion to Christianity led to the majority of Native Americans in her village to switch to the Church of England. c. She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders, transporting food and messages. d. She became a symbol of the animosity between settlers and Indians and was denied entry to King James I's court. e. Her marriage to John Rolfe led to many more interracial marriages between Indians and the English.

c. She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders, transporting food and messages.

Who provided funding for the first permanent English settlement in what would become the United States? a. the Anglican church b. the settlers themselves c. a private business organization d. a wealthy individual e. the English government

c. a private business organization

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans? a.Trade among Native American groups had yet to be established because there were few riches there. b.Across Native American groups, only a few languages were spoken, which aided communication. c.A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts. d.Very little diversity existed in North America, which contributed to the lack of fighting. e.Groups relied only on hunting and gathering, not any form of farming the earth.

c. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts

The Columbian Exchange was: a. the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World. b. John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World. c. the transatlantic flow of people, plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World. d. the first European market established in the New World, named for the man who founded it. e. responsible for introducing food staples such as corn, tomatoes, and potatoes to the Americas.

c. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations? a.none whatsoeverb.Columbus was determined to convert Native Americans to Christianity.c.Catholics in Spain supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.d.Columbus benefited from Ferdinand and Isabella's efforts to promote tolerance in Spain.e.Spain wanted Columbus to find a refuge for the Jews that the king was driving out of the country.

c.Catholics in Spain supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

What factor had the greatest impact on ensuring Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztecs? a.the pacifism of Aztec rulersb.Cortés's superior negotiation skillsc.a smallpox epidemic that devastated Aztec societyd.iron weapons and gunpowdere.the thousands of Aztec subjects alienated by brutal Aztec rule who were willing to fight with Cortés

c.a smallpox epidemic that devastated Aztec society

In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was a.procuring religious relics in India.b.obtaining the compass from Asia.c.establishing a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods.d.spreading African slavery to the Americas.e.mining gold in central Mexico.

c.establishing a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods.

Where did mound-building tribes flourish? a.near the Hudson River b.near the Atlantic Ocean c.in the Mississippi River Valley d.in present-day New Mexico e.in present-day South Florida

c.in the Mississippi River Valley

Puritans were a. English Catholics who wanted England to become Catholic again. b. Catholic settlers in Maryland who sought to keep all Protestants out of the colony. c. English settlers who advocated for the right of all religious dissenters in New England to freely practice their own religion. d. English Protestants who believed that the Church of England was still too similar to the Catholic Church. e. English Protestants who rejected the teachings of John Calvin.

d. English Protestants who believed that the Church of England was still too similar to the Catholic Church.

What was unique about the Roanoke colony? a. It established a lasting positive relationship with the local Indians. b. It was intended to be a refuge for persecuted Catholics. c. It established the first elected assembly in colonial America. d. Its settlers disappeared and their fate was never discovered. e. Its residents owned the colony's land entirely collectively.

d. Its settlers disappeared and their fate was never discovered.

Which is true of the approach taken by English colonies to Native American land in the seventeenth century? a. The first English colonists sought the permission of local Indian chiefs before establishing settlements. b. Puritan preachers made popular the argument that only Indians who converted to Christianity could claim ownership to any land. c. The English did not acknowledge that the Native Americans had any rights to their ancestral lands. d. The English usually acquired land from the Native Americans by forcing treaties on them. e. English leaders encouraged settlers to establish farms on Native American land in order to provoke warfare, which inevitably resulted in treaties favoring the English.

d. The English usually acquired land from the Native Americans by forcing treaties on them.

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 allowed for a.wives to share half the family property. b.English peasants to regain half of their communal lands lost during the enclosure movement. c.Native Americans to regain half of their lands lost to English settlers. d.partial membership in Puritan churches based on ancestry. e. indentured servants to pay their masters to cut their term of service in half.

d.partial membership in Puritan churches based on ancestry.

Why did Roger Williams found Rhode Island? a.to establish a Catholic colonyb.to establish a Jewish colonyc.to establish a Native American colonyd.to establish a haven for religious dissenterse.to compete with Connecticut for access to the British export trade

d.to establish a haven for religious dissenters

The first French explorations of the New World a.brought great riches to France.b.were in response to an intense rivalry with the Netherlands.c.created no permanent settlements until the eighteenth century.d.were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.e.led to successful colonies in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.

d.were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

Mestizos a.were enslaved Africans.b.were people of entirely indigenous (native) ancestry.c.were a very small group, because intermarriage between Spanish and native people was illegal.d.were persons of mixed origin who made up a large part of the urban population of Spanish America.e.were people of European birth who occupied the top of the social hierarchy in Spanish America.

d.were persons of mixed origin who made up a large part of the urban population of Spanish America.

Which of the following resulted from the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Western Hemisphere? a.European interest in Africa dissipated; instead, Europeans focused on enslaving Native American populations. b.The Old and New Worlds remained largely unchanged. c.European nations entered the longest era of peace since the Pax Romana. d.Native Americans gained an unprecedented amount of political power. e.Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped people's diets and transformed the natural environment.

e. Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped people's diets and transformed the natural environment.

Which statement is true of Bartolomé de Las Casas? a.Las Casas believed that Spain's rule over America was unjust, and advocated returning the land to its native inhabitants.b.Las Casas sailed on Columbus's first voyage, and used his firsthand knowledge of the brutalities he saw inflicted on that journey to justify his political views.c.Las Casas participated in the conquest of Brazil and was himself an enslaver of Indians before he changed his views in 1523.d.Las Casas was equally critical of enslaving Africans and Indians, and felt that all humans should be treated with respect and dignity.e.Las Casas's book A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies denounced Spain for enslaving Indians and causing the deaths of millions of native people.

e.Las Casas's book A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies denounced Spain for enslaving Indians and causing the deaths of millions of native people.