U.S. History Final Exam - Immigration in America

Immigration Quiz Which of the following is a PULL factor that drew immigrants to settle in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Promise of a better life

Travels to America List 5 push or pull factors faced by immigrants between 1880 and 1920.

Pull/Push factors for the immigrants between 1880 and 1920 included making money, finding jobs, to escape what was happening in their country, to escape poverty, and overgrown populations.

Travels to America Chinese

Push/Pull Factors - gold in California - jobs like the transcontinental railroad - a good fortune Travels to America - $50 a bunk on a crowded steamship to America - one month trip to San Francisco - first chance eating foreign food Obstacles Faced - got paid less than white laborers - Exclusion Act banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S. - Chinese immigrants were banned from becoming citizens - earthquake destroyed birth certificates and allowed more Chinese to immigrate to the U.S. - were put in jail when they reached the U.S. - one in ten went back to China - couldn't work in farms, factories, or for the railroads - lack of Chinese women in the U.S. caused for the Chinese population to decline - housing was closed to Chinese - Chinatown became overcrowded and a tourist attraction Contributions in America - helped to build the transcontinental railroad - started laundries - Chinese restaurants and stores - Chinese newspapers, herbal medicines, foods, and festivals

Travels to America Jewish

Push/Pull Factors - hated by Russians - Jew anti-laws - couldn't live in big cities or own land - Russia blamed Jews for the death of Czar - pogroms that happened in towns - refuge in America - hope of earning money Travels to America - overcrowded train rides to ports - richer immigrants were in cabins - poorer immigrants were crowded together below deck - went up to deck often because of seasickness - entered the U.S. at New York Harbor Obstacles Faced - gave up their names for "American names" - most went into the country after questioning and being checked by a doctor - were packed into cheap tenements - slept with three or four to a room - many never learned how to read or write - faced prejudice and discrimination - weren't accepted by private or clubs - Jewish doctors weren't hired by hospitals - Jews weren't admitted to practice as lawyers - some jobs would only allow for Christians to work there Contributions in America - established shops, newspapers, religious schools, and synagogues - street vendors - worked as cobblers, butchers, carpenters, and watchmakers

Travels to America Italian

Push/Pull Factors - possibility of riches - escape poverty - growing population - worn-out, eroded land - lack of jobs from factories Travels to America - poor immigrants traveled in steerage - given narrow beds - smelled of spoiled food, feces, and sweat - only allowed on the deck once a day - entertained themselves with games and making music - arrived at Ellis Island almost two weeks later Obstacles Faced - if they didn't pass inspection, they couldn't enter the U.S. - half of Italians returned to Italy - men with jobs in agriculture or construction would go back to Italy for the winter - Italian neighborhoods were full of Italians who could only afford the cheapest tenement housing - difficulties led to depression and despair - most children didn't go to school and get the skills they need for better jobs - thought of as a group of criminals - thought of as poor and illiterate Contributions in America - got unskilled construction work - build sewers, subways, and roads - cleaned streets - laid bricks for tenement buildings

Immigration In what ways does present day immigration affect your life? Explain.

Immigration affects my life through diversities in cultures. I get to meet others and experience the different things others do in their lives. It also affects the world I live in. Between what is happening in the country and the beliefs of those that are going on around me.

Immigration In a Venn diagram, compare the experiences of the "Old" immigrants to the "New" immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Old Immigrants: - came in family groups - invisible immigrants - English - came on sail ships - mostly protestant - came with skills New Immigrants: - came solo - many different ethnicities - came on steamships - many different religions - didn't come with skills Both: - came for more freedoms - came on ships - worked in many different industries

The Challenge of Urbanization 4. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?

One of the main reasons why Americans moved from the country to the cities is because the United States economy was moving away from agriculture and towards manufacturing. There were also rapid improvements to farming like the inventions of the McCormick reaper and steel plow. These inventions not only made farming easier, but allowed for fewer laborers to have to work the land, which took away jobs in the country. Most of the farmers that moved to the cities were African American farmers. They moved to the cities to try and escape racial violence, economic hardship, and political oppression. However, those that moved to the cities found it barely any better. They had to deal with segregation, discrimination, job competition with white immigrants, social pressures, and economic pressures.

The Challenge of Urbanization 1. What are many reasons that many immigrants settled in large cities?

One of the reasons is because cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live. This caused the cities to become even larger than before. In 1910, immigrant families made up over half the population of 18 major American cities. The cities also offered unskilled laborers jobs in mills and factories.

Immigration & Urbanization What is the definition of URBANIZATION?

The rapid growth of cities in response to immigration and industrialization in America between 1880 and 1920

The Challenge of Urbanization Urbanization:

The technological boom in the 19th century caused the growth of industrial strength in the United States. This caused the growth of cities, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest regions.

Immigration What policies or acts were passed by the United States as a result of these attitudes on immigration?

1. Chinese Exclusion Act suspended Chinese immigration in 1882. 2. Literacy tests were administered to new immigrants as a way to limit those able to enter 3. A quota system was put in place limiting immigrants from Europe to 3% of those from the same country as of the 1910 census 4. In 1924, the National Origins Act was passed moving the limit to 2% based on the 1890 census, restricting new immigrant nationalities

The Challenge of Urbanization Settlement House:

A community center providing assistance to residents - particularly immigrants - in a slum neighborhood. The first settlement houses were founded by London reformers in 1884. They were inspired by the Social Gospel movement. The settlement houses in the United States were founded by Charles Stover and Stanton Coit in 1886 in New York City. Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889. Janie Porter Barrett founded the Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, Virginia, in 1890 and it was the first settlement house for African Americans. Settlement houses were mainly run by middle-class, educated women and provided educational, cultural, and social services. They provided classes in English, health, and painting and they offered college courses. They sent visiting nurses into homes of the sick to provide whatever aid was needed. It was hoped that these things would give immigrants the benefits of living in a democracy and help them increase social mobility. Settlement houses also sought political solutions by lobbying state and local governments to resolve social and economic problems. By 1910, there were 400 operating Settlement houses in cities across America. Settlement houses helped to cultivate a sense of social responsibility toward the urban poor.

Immigration Quiz The West coast immigration processing center in San Francisco

Angel Island

Immigration & Urbanization Who was Boss Tweed? What did he do?

Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall in NYC used corruption to steal $40 to $200 MILLION from taxpayers

Immigration & Urbanization How did they work?

Bosses gave "favors" and used intimidation and corrupt methods to control cities

Immigration Quiz Experienced heavy anti-immigrant sentiment and for over 40 years very few were admitted legally into the US.

Chinese

Immigration Quiz All of the following are examples of nativism sentiment and growing anti-immigrant sentiment EXCEPT:

Immigrants being required to take a literacy test to enter the United States.

Immigration Quiz People coming into a country from other countries for the purpose of establishing a permanent home.

Immigration

Immigration Quiz "Paper relatives" was an attempt by these immigrants to bypass the Exclusion Act.

Chinese

Immigration Quiz A law denied these immigrants the right to become citizens in 1882

Chinese

Immigration Quiz An 1882 act that banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Immigration Quiz The immigration process at Angel Island was different from the process at Ellis Island in which of the following ways

Chinese immigrants were often held for extended time of up to 3 to 4 weeks.

Immigration & Urbanization Political Machines: What is a political machine?

City political groups headed by "bosses" who promised improved city conditions and jobs to city dwellers in exchange for votes

Immigration Current American Immigrant Policy Options:

Create a wall around the U.S. to keep everyone out Allow everyone to enter unconditionally Allow those willing to train for jobs to enter with work visas Return all illegal immigrants immediately to their homeland Place limits (quotas) on immigrants from all nations Place limits on immigrants only from some nations and allow all others to enter freely

Travels to America What were the immigrants' experiences at Ellis or Angel Islands?

Day 1: long wait begins physical exam - eye test, capability test, and disease checks verbal exam - battery of questions and interpreters ask fast with immigrants fearing failure Additional Days: legal checks - names are often changed economic check - job secured and family for support passage to mainland stays in infirmary for illness or to be sent back

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Sanitation

Description of Problems: Due to the increase of population, it became harder to keep the cities clean. There was horse manure on the streets, sewage flowing through open gutters, factories releasing foul smoke into the air, and people dumped their garbage onto the streets due to a lack of dependable trash collection Attempts at Solving: - Scavengers, private contractors, were hired to sweep the streets, collect garbage, and clean outhouses. However, they usually did not do this job properly - By 1900, many cities developed sewer lines and created sanitation departments - Providing healthy living conditions continued to be an ongoing challenge for city leaders

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Poverty

Description of Problems: Most immigrants came from rural areas, so very few were skilled in modern manufacturing or industrial work. Most families had no choice but to take low-paying, unskilled jobs in factories, mills, and sweatshops. The entire family had to work just to make ends meet. Attempts at Solving: - The garment or clothing industry employed mainly immigrant women, but the hours were long and working conditions were dangerous. Many women joined the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union - The Union organized several successful strikes and after, the workers got new contracts for increased wages and fewer working hours

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Housing

Description of Problems: The working-class families had 2 options for housing, but both had their downsides. They could buy a house on the outskirts of town, but there was a transportation problem. They could also rent a room in a boarding house in the central city, but they were very cramped. As more immigrants came to cities, the options for housing became even smaller. Attempts at Solving: - Row houses packed many single families onto a single block by having each house share a wall - 2 or 3 immigrant families would crowd into the old houses of working-class families which were called tenements. However, these tenements were overcrowded and unsanitary - In 1867, New York passed laws that set the minimum standards for plumbing, safety, and ventilation in apartments. However, landlords would find their way around this - Another law, passed in 1879, required a window in each bedroom for fresh air. However, these windows opened into dark interior shafts and people would dump their trash into these airshafts and that attracted vermin. Residents ended up nailing these windows shut to keep out the smell - The third law, passed in 1901, set up the Tenement House Department, which would inspect and enforce the laws. However, landlords still resisted reform - New tenements were established with good intent, but they became worse to live in than the 1 family converted tenements

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Transportation

Description of Problems: There was a mass increase of population in cities. The cities were trying to meet the increased demands of transportation. Attempts at Solving: - The invention of mass transit, which helped workers to get to and from their jobs much easier - Streetcars were introduced in 1873 in San Francisco - Electric subways were introduced in 1897 in Boston - By the 20th century, mass-transit networks were in many urban areas

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Crime

Description of Problems: With population increase, the amount of crime also increased. Pickpocketing and stealing became much more prevalent Attempts at Solving: - New York City established the first police force, that was paid, in 1844 - Most law enforcement units were too small to have an impact on crime

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Water

Description of Problems: With the growing population in the cities, cities had to face the problem of supplying safe drinking water for everyone. As late as the 1860s, residents had inadequate piped water, or no water at all. They would have to bring in water from faucets on the streets and would heat it for bath water. There were also diseases that came from the water like cholera and typhoid. Attempts at Solving: - Cities like New York and Cleveland tried to build public waterworks in the 1840s and 1850s - Filtration was introduced in the 1870s - Chlorination was introduced in 1908 - In the early 20th century, many people in cities still did not have access to safe water

The Challenge of Urbanization URBAN PROBLEMS: Fire

Description of Problems: With the lack of water in cities, there was an increased chance for fires. Major fires happened in every major American city in the 1870s-1880s. This was mainly due to the fact that most of the buildings in cities were built out of wood and candles and kerosene heaters were used inside the buildings. Attempts at Solving: - Firefighters were established, but they were volunteers and not always available when they were needed - Cincinnati, Ohio, established the nation's first paid fire fighting force in 1853 - By 1900, most cities had a full-time professional fire department - Sprinklers were introduced in 1874 and that made building much safer - Building began being built out of brick, stone, or concrete instead of wood

Travels to America What is different about the experiences for the immigrants?

Different immigrants faced different levels of prejudice. The Jewish and Chinese immigrants probably faced the most prejudice. Mexican immigrants were the most taken advantage of because they would work hard and were paid very little. The Italian immigrants were misjudged because of a few and were thought of as stupid. They all also had different experiences entering the country. The Italian and Jewish immigrants came into the country through Ellis Island. Half of Italians were sent back to Italy while barely any Jews weren't sent away. The Mexican immigrants came into the country through the border connected to Mexico and were mostly welcomed into the country because of their work ethic. They didn't have to go through any of the questioning or doctor checks to enter the country. The Chinese immigrants entered the country through San Francisco and eventually weren't even allowed into the country because of laws passed by the government. Some of the immigrants came over with skills and were able to get better jobs because of those skills. Other immigrants didn't have the skills and had jobs with very little pay and it couldn't get better for them because they couldn't let their kids go to school, they had to work so that the families could live.

Immigration How do you think immigrants felt about these attitudes?

I think that immigrants just wanted to be able to come to America and not be faced with lots of prejudice against them. However, I also don't think that they wanted a lot of sympathy from people. I believe that immigrants just wanted to fit in and just wanted to be able to succeed in America.

Immigration Positions of Immigration

Early 20th century Americans appreciated "New" immigrants for providing a work force and introducing new cultures Early 20th century Americans disliked "New" immigrants because of their cultural differences and competition for jobs and housing The government responded to concerns about increased immigration through stricter immigration policies

Immigration & Urbanization What early movements arose to bring change to the problems of urbanization?

Early reformers arise to solve the problems of the cities Settlement House - such as the Hull House formed by Jane Addams, opened in all major cities - Provided English lessons, daycare, job training, and neighborhood social programs Social Gospel Movement - tried to apply Christian principles to city urban problems Temperance Movement - attacked alcohol as the cause of all urban problems Some reformers used their talents to call attention to the problems of the city Who was Jacob Riis? - Jacob Riis photographed the urban dwellings to show the problems of the poor in the slums What did he do to bring change? - Published photographs and stories of the people in How the Other Half Lives

Immigration Quiz The majority of immigrants processed at Ellis Island were from

Eastern Europe

Travels to America What were the opportunities for immigrants?

Education: immigrants understood that education was the way to better their lives children juggled schooling between jobs to help families educated children took on adult roles to help families night classes offered some adults opportunities Hard Work: growth of factories and offices created new jobs more of everything (roads, transportation, and housing) was needed for new population which created more jobs immigrants were discriminated against and paid less if not "preferred" workers - long hours, low pay, child labor, unsafe working environment, and no worker benefits Work in the Resources: many sought jobs outside cities in mines, logging, or construction work was often dangerous and always physically demanding most workers left their families to work on jobs, sometimes for months

Immigration Quiz The East coast immigration-processing center in New York Harbor

Ellis Island

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants Push Factors: Reasons they left their homes/ Situation or events in their home country that "PUSHED" them to come to America

Famine Lack of Jobs Lack of Food Lack of Land Overpopulation Lack of Money

The Challenge of Urbanization Tenement:

In cities, immigrants would move into the old housing of working-class families. They would fit 2 or 3 families into a residency made for 1 family. These tenements were often overcrowded and unsanitary. In some cases, tenement neighborhoods would turn into ghettos.

Immigration & Urbanization Key Ideas:

Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization are interconnected - What is interconnected? -> Connection between multiple things - How does each lead to the others? Increased urban populations created problems for the cities - What problems arise from overpopulation? Gilded Age politics were plagued with corruption - What is corruption? -> Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power - How did political machines gain power?

Immigration & Urbanization How do Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization impact the others?

Industrialization: provided jobs which encouraged more people to come Immigration: increased population filled the cities Urbanization: more people in the cities needed more build up, which provided more jobs

Immigration Quiz What impact did nativism have on immigrants in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

It encouraged discrimination against immigrants.

The Challenge of Urbanization Americanization Movement:

It was designed to help assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture (the American culture). This was sponsored and supported by the government and concerned citizens. Immigrants were taught in school or voluntary associations the skills they would need to live in America.

The Challenge of Urbanization Mass Transit:

It was designed to help move large numbers of people along fixed routes, and it helped enable workers to go to and from jobs more easily.

Immigration Quiz Settled in area known as "Little Italy" in large cities.

Italian

Immigration Quiz Some of the immigrants from this country became involved in notorious gangs.

Italian

Immigration Quiz Experienced burning, looting, and killing within their villages in Russia than lead them to leave their home country.

Jewish

Immigration Quiz They saw the value in education and sacrificed to keep their children in school

Jewish

Immigration Quiz They were not allowed to work as doctors in hospitals or be licensed to practice law

Jewish

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants Pull Factors: GOOD things or situations that "PULLED" them to come to America

Jobs Industrialization Factory Growth A New Start Ways to Make Money Religious Freedom More Freedoms Multiple Job Opportunities

Immigration Quiz All of the following are examples of PUSH factors during the late 1800s and early 1900s EXCEPT:

Jobs and an opportunity for education.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 7. What were the problems in Ireland that led to immigration to America?

Land enclosure: English landowners had little hesitation about consolidating their land and evicting Irish tenants The Irish Potato Famine in the 1830s sent massive waves to America The massive crop failure in 1846 that left the Irish population with insufficient food reserves to survive

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 14. Why was life so hard for the Irish Immigrants?

Life was so hard for Irish immigrants because they were at the bottom of the social ladder. They were treated no different than the freed African Americans. Factory owners would play one group off the other group in order to keep their wages low. The English had previously seen them as an inferior people and they had many negative stereotypes made about them.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 12. How would literacy be positive for immigrants? How would that make settling in America easier?

Literacy is positive for immigrants because they can learn easier the ways of America. It makes it easier because they would be able to read and learn English, if they didn't already know it, and they would be able to learn about the political system and rules of America.

Immigration How did the immigrants respond to the treatment they received?

Many immigrants fought the discrimination and worked harder to prove themselves in American society Others joined unions to allow themselves some power in the workplace Some supported political machines in the cities who promised them jobs, protection, and improved conditions

Immigration Quiz They were not processed through Ellis Island or Angel Island

Mexican

Immigration Quiz They were treated harshly on the farms where they worked

Mexican

Immigration Quiz The Mexican immigrant experience was different from European Immigrants for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Mexican immigrants were accepted into the American workplaces and earned higher wages than other immigrants earned.

The Challenge of Urbanization 3. Why did most immigrants stay in their ethnic communities?

Most immigrants stayed in their ethnic communities because they didn't want to abandon their traditions. Ethnic communities provided the immigrants with social support and allowed immigrants to speak their own language, practice customs, and practice their religion.

Travels to America What were the major cities immigrants moved into between 1880 and 1920?

New York Boston Philadelphia Baltimore Cincinnati

Travels to America Mexican

Push/Pull Factors - there were so many revolutions - civil war - jobs Travels to America - 500,000 Mexicans entered America - entered without passports or money - walked hundreds of miles to reach the border - others took the railroads into America Obstacles Faced - worked hard for little pay - had to move around from region to region in an agricultural job - children worked in the fields with their family - few families were able to go to school - lived in camps or temporary housing - lacked running water and basic sanitation - whites wanted them to return to Mexico because they felt that they were taking their jobs - faced strong prejudice - had little say in working conditions - children were taught to boss Mexicans around Contributions in America - worked on the railroads - expanded railroads - worked on large-scale farms and ranches in SW - worked in mines, factories, and canneries - picked oranges, apples, almonds, cotton, and sugar beets - barrios, food stands, and grocery stores

Immigration & Urbanization What attracted many Asians to the U.S. in the late 1800s?

Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act The desire for free land Jobs with American railroad companies The Gentleman's Agreement

Immigration Quiz All of the following statements about the immigration process at Ellis Island is true EXCEPT:

San Francisco very quickly closed their doors to all Chinese immigrants.

Immigration & Urbanization What two innovations impact the cities?

Skyscrapers - building up Streetcars - building out

Immigration & Urbanization How does each of the innovations impact the city?

Skyscrapers: - Steel allowed buildings to go upward - Provided more work and living space Streetcars: - Electric transportation provided faster and further transit to jobs - Allowed wealthier to live outside of cities away from crime, pollution, and poverty -> Suburbs

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 9. Most immigrants were young and single?

TRUE

Immigration & Urbanization Problem in the Cities:

Tenement housing crammed poor families into small apartments Poor sanitation Poor ventilation Polluted water Unsafe (fire, crime, spread of disease) Juvenile crime Gangs and theft

The Challenge of Urbanization Social Gospel Movement:

The 19th-century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty. They would preach salvation through service to the poor. The founder of this movement was Washington Gladden, a Protestant minister and editor of the New York Independent. He helped to expose the greed and corruption caused by industrialization. The members believed that religious faith should be expressed through good works.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 13. What type of jobs did the Irish typically take or do? Give specific types of jobs.

The Irish immigrants mostly came from being tenant farmers, so they had few skills and would take low wage jobs. The women usually went into domestic services and were common as maids in middle and upper class homes. They would also work in factories, would take railroad jobs that took them west, some would move town to town to find employment, some took manufacturing jobs in growing cities like St. Louis and Chicago, or they would work as itinerant farm hands.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: The British 3. Consisted primarily of:

The British consisted primarily of English, Scottish, and Welsh immigrants.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: The British 5. What did it mean for the British to be considered the "invisible immigrants"?

The British were considered the invisible immigrants because they were able to come to America, intermarry with Americans, and blend into American society.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 16. How was the Irish experience in America similar to the African American experience?

The Irish were treated just like African Americans because they were treated like outcasts. They were faced with extreme racial prejudice, just like African Americans. They weren't even considered as white or people by some Anglo-Saxon Americans. The Irish had to take jobs at the lowest wages and were even played by factory owners so that the wages could be kept lower.

The Challenge of Urbanization Social Mobility:

The ability of families or individuals to move into a higher social class

The Challenge of Urbanization 2. What was the goal of the Americanization movement?

The goal of the Americanization movement was to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture. This was sponsored by the government and by concerned citizens. Immigrants were taught skills, through schools, that they would need like English literacy, American history, American government, cooking, and social etiquette.

Immigration & Urbanization What impact was made by Jacob Riis? Write a statement with specific details on his contribution to bringing attention to the problems in the cities.

The impact that was made by Jacob Riis is that he showed America the truth of what was happening in the country, with people who weren't living the life of luxury. He showed the poverty, filth, unsanitary, and harsh realities that are happening in the country.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 10. Most Irish Immigrants were of what church and beliefs?

The majority of Irish immigrants were from the Roman Catholic church and shared the beliefs of the Roman Catholic church.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 8. Majority of Irish settled in what Eastern cities like:

The majority of Irish settled in Eastern cities like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia.

The Challenge of Urbanization 5. What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th Century have on urban society? Think about: - Why people moved to cities - The problems caused by rapid urban growth - The differences in the experiences of whites and blacks

The migration to cities caused for there to be issues in the cities. There was tension between immigrants for job competition. An increase of people means that there is a lack of things like places to live and even jobs. A lack of jobs can lead to an increase of poverty in the cities. It also caused tensions to be high between white and black Americans. There was discrimination and segregation for black Americans.

Immigration What are the attitudes toward the immigrants seen in the political cartoons?

There are positive and negative attitudes towards the immigrants in these cartoons. Some of the artists were understanding of the immigrants, felt that they needed help from America, and that they needed help to escape their country. Some artists felt that the immigrants didn't belong in America and that they only brought bad things. Other artists felt that any prejudice against immigrants was stupid and unnesacery.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 6. How many Irish immigrants came between 1820-1920?

There were 4.7 million Irish immigrants that came between 1820-1920.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 15. What were negative stereotypes of the Irish?

There were many negative stereotypes of the Irish. They would be depicted as drunks who were brawling, cartoons would make fun of their supposed lack of intelligence and boorish manners, they were also depicted as apes and monkeys in many cartoons, and they were compared to African Americans and weren't believed to be white at all.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age 1. How many immigrants came between 1820 - 1890?

There were more than 15 million immigrants that came between 1820-1890.

Travels to America How do those factors compare to the reasons people come to America today?

These factors are the same factors that people have nowadays have to come to America today. Lots of people come to America today to have more freedoms, get a new start, get a job, and make money. People also come to America to escape the things that are happening in their country, like immigrants from China or immigrants from Ukraine.

Immigration Quiz Why did many new immigrants take dangerous jobs in factories and mines?

They lacked the skills to work in other industries.

Immigration Quiz Immigrants from the 1830s were different from immigrants arriving in the late 1800s and early 1900s in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

They primarily arrived from Japan

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: The British 4. Advantages of the British:

They spoke the same language as native born Americans They shared common Protestant religious traditions They understood the basics of the American political and legal system because it was based largely on British models They came with a little money or skill and this helped them to find a stable place in the economy Some came with the skills to work in American factories or were able to help develop the nation's mineral deposits

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age 2. List the common social characteristics of the "Old" Immigrants:

They tended to arrive in family units They were economically better off than those who came after 1890 They came from regions of Europe that had already been important sources of immigration to America

The Challenge of Urbanization Social Stratification:

This happened in cities, where residents were not only divided by ethnic and racial lines, but also by class lines. Social Stratification is the organization of people into social classes by wealth. There were grand mansions, modest work-class, and sprawling slums.

Immigration to the United States during the Gilded Age: Irish Immigrants 11. Most Irish immigrants were literate. What does it mean to be literate?

What it means to be literate is that you are able to read.

Immigration & Urbanization The Real City: Overcrowding, corruption, and other problems arose in the rapidly growing cities.

What problems do you imagine arose because of overpopulation and overcrowding in the cities?

The Challenge of Urbanization Jane Adams:

While on a trip to England, she visited the first settlement house, Toynbee Hall. She believed that settlement houses could be effective because workers could learn from life itself on how to address urban problems. Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889. Adams was an anti-war activist, spokesperson for racial justice, and advocated for quality-of-life issues. She was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Travels to America To European Ports

families or individuals leave their homeland traveled by train, cart, or foot to European ports

Immigration Quiz The overt favoritism toward native-born Americans

nativism

Travels to America What were cities like for the new immigrants?

new transportation methods in streets stores, street vendors, or corner salesmen neighborhoods made up of common cultures tenement housing with deplorable conditions children play in streets, but must avoid rising gangs

Travels to America Aboard the Ship

ocean voyage up to 14 days steerage sections packed with people, disease, and danger

Immigration Quiz What is the first thing that immigrants at Ellis Island encountered once they got off the ship?

physical examination by a medical professional

Travels to America Arrival at the Statue of Liberty

symbol of hope and opportunity took days to get off ship for processing