US History Final Review

Which amendment guaranteed the "equal protection" of the law to all American citizens?

14th Amendment

Which is the best contemporary definition of a "scalawag"?

A white Southerner who supported Reconstruction

The statement below was by Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican leaders If [African-American] suffrage is excluded in the rebel states, then every one of them is sure to send a [Democratic] representation to Congress and pass a solid [Democratic] electoral vote [for President]. What reason did Stevens give in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans?

African Americans deserved to vote after contributing their unpaid labor for centuries.

Before 1898, most Americans had opposed imperialism. Why did imperialism suddenly

Americans wanted to sell goods to new markets and buy raw materials for new industries.

The cartoon below was published on February 1, 1917. The letter from Germany to Uncle Sam reads: "Ruthless warfare at sea. Ships enter blockade zone at their risk. Pledges as to warning cancelled." What was the effect of the message shown in this cartoon?

B. The United States declared war after Germany sank American ships in the blockade zone.

8. The excerpt below is from a recently written history of the Civil War. What were the rights and liberties from which Confederates contended? The right to own slaves; the liberty to take this property into the territories; freedom from the coercive power of a centralized government. --James McPherson, The Battle Cry of Freedom What contradiction does this Civil War historian find in the secession of the Southern states?

Confederates demanded the freedom to enslave others

H.T. Johnson wrote "The Black Man's Burdon" in response to Rudyard Kipling's poem, "The White Man's Burden." What point of view does Johnson express?

Imperialism seeks to conquer and exploit weaker peoples rather than to help them

What was a negative aspect of the "Americanization" policy of the late 1880s for American Indians?

Indians saw survival of their traditional cultures threatened

The Cartoon (federal figure taking from skinny hunger stricken native american) below was published in the late 1800s What was the main idea of the cartoon?

Indians went hungry while federal Indian agents grew wealthy

The cartoon(KKK & White League shaking hands over slavery) on the left by Thomas Nast was Published in 1874. What was the main message of this cartoon?

Opponents of Reconstruction were using violence to intimidate the freedmen.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The 15th Amendment Which practices were introduced in Southern states after Reconstruction to circumvent this amendment?

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements were passed, which affected African Americans more than other citizens.

What was a positive long-term impact of Radical Reconstruction on the South?

Public education systems were established for students of all races

The expert below is from the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Law permitting, or even requiring, the separation of the races do not place a badge of inferiority upon one group over another. Thus it is not a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. What practice did this ruling uphold?

Racial segregation in public places

Which two groups most helped the freedmen during the Reconstruction Era?

Radical Republicans and Carpetbaggers

Which was NOT a problem faced by farmers in the late 19th century?

Rising city populations were willing to pay higher prices for food.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida Section 1 It shall be a penal offense for any individual body of individuals corporation or association to conduct within this State any school of any grade public private or parochial wherein white persons and negroes shall be instructed or boarded within the same building or taught in the same class or at the same time by the same teachers , -Florida State Legislature, 1895 How did this law influence conditions for African Americans in Florida?

Schools for African American children received fewer resources than schools for white children.

Which view was held by most Southerners of the secession crisis of 1860-1861?

Since the Union was created by the state, they could leave it at any time

Which best expresses the viewpoint of the artist in the cartoon above?

Southern slaves are better treated than factory workers

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Southerners feared that Northerners intended to abolish slavery

The map below shows routes taken by African Americans who participated in the Great Migration. What describes a pull factor that drew African Americans during the Great Migration?

The availability of good jobs in the North and West

Congressional Reconstruction Created five districts and imposed martial law on the South States had to ratify the 14th Amendment before readmission into the union Confederate leaders could not hold elected office. What was an immediate effect of the change described above, which were implemented by Congressional Reconstruction?

The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted

This cartoon (slavery as it exists in America vs slavery as it exists in England) was published in 1850. Which social issue is addressed in the cartoon?

The conditions of Southern slaves

What were the major consequences of the Civil War?

The end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government

What was a significant impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The war became a moral contest over slavery

What impact did Radical Republicans in Congress have on Reconstruction?

Then encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights

What was the significance of the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?

They established the principle that Congress could regulate business in certain circumstances

The excerpt below is from a speech by Senator Albert J Beveridge to the U.S. Senate on January 9, 1900. "Mr. President, the times call for (honesty) candor. The Philippines are ours forever, "territory belonging to the United States," as the constitution calls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China's (unlimited) illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient." Based on this speech, what conclusion can be made about the views of American Imperialists in 1900?

They saw the Philippines as a useful base for increasing American trade with East Asia.

What was the main purpose of the reservation system?

To clear federal lands for settlement by railroads, ranchers, and farmers

What demand was made in the Populist Party platform of 1892?

a graduated income tax

The excerpt below is from William Jenning Bryan's speech at the Democratic Convention In 1896. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commerical interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." Based on this speech, what did Bryan demand in his subsequent campaign for the Presidency?

a policy of bimetallism that would help farmers by raising crop prices

Which sequence of events correctly identifies a rise in tensions, bringing the nation closer toward armed conflict?

compromise of 1850 --> Dred Scott decision

What would be the best title for the list below: - built sod house - used dry farming techniques - used barbed wire fences - burned cow and buffalo chips for fuel - windmills pumped water - steel plow used for tough soil

how farmers adapted to conditions on the great plains

This political cartoon (a man with a large hat standing in a step that says oil) is a criticism of which practice in the 19th`century?

monopolization

Which event was the catalyst for the secession of the first seven Southern states in 1861?

the election of Abraham Lincoln as president

What was the purpose of the Grange movement?

to break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests

Why did the Union impose a naval blockade on the South during the Civil War?

to strangle the shipment of supplies to the confederacy

The excerpt below is from a letter by General Winfield Scott written in 1861 The Anaconda Plan "[So as to envelope the insurgent States and bring them to terms, with less bloodshed Than by other plan" What was the main objective of the plan described in General Scott's letter?

to suffocate the south by controlling the Mississippi river and southern ports