US History I H Unit 6
How much did the US buy the Louisiana Territory for?
$15 million
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
- British impressment of sailors - Interference of trade - Southerners wanting Florida, which was owned by Spain, an ally of Britain - Interference with expansion - British supplying Natives with arms
What did Jefferson do immediately when he assumed office?
- Reduced size of armed forces - Cut social expenses of the government - Eliminated internal taxes - Reduced influence from the Bank of the US
What were some effects of the War of 1812?
- Revealed need for a strong army - Nationalism - Ended Federalist party - Shattered strength of native resistance - Paved the way for aquisition of Florida
A few notes on the War of 1812 (I couldn't think of any questions)
- U.S. army was unprepared, leading to early British victories in Detroit, Montreal - Oliver Hazard Perry defeated British on Lake Erie - Native Americans fight on both sides
Which party supported Jefferson?
Democratic-Republicans
Who was the first Attorney General?
Edmund Randolph
The "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution created ___ powers—powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution.
Enumerated
Which party pushed for the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Federalists
Which party supported Hamilton?
Federalists
What was the Battle of Baltimore?
Fort McHenry, British goal was to seize the US, Francis Scott Key writes "Star Spangled Banner" (National Anthem) Key battles: - North Point - Hampstead Hill - Fort McHenry
Who was the first President of the United States?
George Washington
Why did the Federalist party fall?
John Adams's presidency and the War of 1812
What was Marbury's problem?
Marbury had been appointed justice of the peace but did not receive his commission before the new president, Thomas Jefferson
What tribe attacked and defeated American settlers in the Northwest?
Miami
Who supported Hamilton?
Northern States
Why was Jay's Treaty so unpopular?
Northerners thought he had bargained away trade rights and Southerners wanted compensation for slaves
What followed the Treaty of Ghent?
Reopened trade between US and Britain (commercial treaty), limited war ships on Great Lakes (Rush-Bagot agreement), established boundaries for Louisiana and Oregon
Who led the Louis and Clark expedition?
Sacajawea
What was the Embargo of 1807?
Series of laws passed by Jefferson to stop trade with England and France.
Who supported Jefferson?
Southern and Western States
What was the Treaty of San Lorenzo/Pinckney's Treaty?
Spain gave up claims to western U.S., set the Florida-U.S. boundary at 31st parallel (boundary), and opened the Mississippi River to U.S. traffic
What was the result of Jay's Treaty in regards to the French?
Started a Quasi-War with the French
What is nullification?
States have right to void laws deemed unconstitutional
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create?
Supreme Court, 3 Circuit Courts, and 13 Federal Courts
How was the twelfth amendment created?
The 1800 election revealed a flaw in the electoral process
What was the court's ruling?
The court ruled that Marbury was entitled to his commission but the Supreme Court did not have the authority to give him the written sheet
What warnings did Washington deliver in his farewell speech?
The importance of unity, stay neutral in conflicts, and avoid political parties
Who were Louis and Clark?
The two men chosen by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase
How did the British respond to the events in York, Canada?
They burned Washington DC, along with the White House
What was the South's position on the war? Why?
They wanted because the trade restrictions hurt southern planters
What was the West's position on the war? Why?
They wanted war because of their clashes with natives and the trade restrictions hurt western farmers
What was the North's position on the war? Why?
They were hesitant to declare ware because Eastern merchants would still make profit despite trade restrictions
Who was the first Secretary of State?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the treaty that ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent
Who was the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe?
William Henry Harrison
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States
Who was Edmond Genêt?
a French diplomat (Ambassador to the US) who violated diplomatic protocol by disobeying neutrality
What was Marbury v. Madison?
a case that helped establish the Supreme Court's power to check the power of the other branches of government
What did Hamilton want to establish to improve the economy?
a national bank
What were Hamilton's beliefs?
a strong central government should be led by the prosperous, educated, upper-class, trade and industry were the keys to a strong nation with a strong national gov't, and found favor believed in a national banking system
What is a tariff?
a tax on imported goods
What is an excise tax?
a tax on the production or sale of a product
What was the Treaty of Greenville?
an agreement between the natives and settlers which gave them less than actual value for land
What is sectionalism?
being more loyal to your state or your section of the country than to the US
What were Jefferson's beliefs?
distrusted a strong national government, favored strong state and local government, and favored a society based on farmer-citizens
What were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?
documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
What did Marbury v. Madison establish?
judicial review
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
laws passed in the 1790s that raised residence requirements for citizenship and made it a crime to say or publish anything that would defame the government of the United States
Who were the War Hawks?
members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain because natives used British arms
What was Jefferson's economic plan?
pay foreign debt, issue new bonds, and assume states' debt
What is the cabinet?
the president's advisors
What happened to tax collectors in Western Pennsylvania?
they were attacked and tarred and feathered
Why were settlers West of the Appalachian Mountains opposed to the excise tax on Whiskey?
they were upset they had to pay a tax on something they made themselves for themselves
Why did they move the US capital to Washington D.C. (District of Colombia)?
to compromise with the Southern states, who wanted the capital to be closer to them
What was the goal of Jefferson's economic plan?
to get the US out of debt, especially from the Revolutionary War
What was Washington's foreign policy?
to remain neutral in conflicts
What was the Chesapeake incident?
1807: the commander of a British warship demanded the right to board and search the U.S. naval frigate Chesapeake for British deserters. When the Americans refused the open fired.
What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?
1811 battle in the Indiana Territory between Natives and the U.S. in which the the Shawnee chief, Tecumseh tried to form a confederacy; used British Arms
What was the Hartford Convention?
A series of meetings in New England to discuss opposition to the War of 1812 and create a seperate peace treaty with Britain
Who did Jefferson tie in the presidential election of 1800?
Aaron Burr
Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury?
Alexander Hamilton
What is the XYZ affair?
An incident in which french agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships. It led to an undeclared Naval War between the two countries.
What was the Battle of New Orleans?
Andrew Jackson defeated British troops and became a famous war hero in 1815
What is impressment?
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
What were the main fronts (locations) of the war?
Canada, Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, and Chesapeake Bay
Who was John Marshall?
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the opinion in Marbury v. Madison and was appointed by John Adams
What did Madison decide pertaining to the war?
He chose to declare war on Great Britain
How did Washington end the Whiskey Rebellion?
He sent 13,000 militiamen to put an end to this rebellion
Who was the first Secretary of War?
Henry Knox
What was the problem with the US Navy at the time?
It was small; only 16 ships and 3 frigates
What was Jay's Treaty?
Jay's Treaty was an agreement drawn up by John Jay that promised the British would give up Northwest territory among other things on both sides; showed them taking Britain's side over France's side
Why was Jefferson buying the Louisiana territory hypocritical?
Jefferson justified this purchase with the elastic clause, as the constitution says nothing about purchasing land. However, Democratic-Republicans were known for their strict interpretation of the constitution.
Who was the first Vice President of the United States?
John Adams
