U.S. History Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization Lesson Review

This graph shows the gross domestic product (GDP) manufactured in the United States from 1800 to 1900.According to the graph, the manufacturing of products in the United States A.greatly increased from 1800 to 1900. B.greatly decreased from the onset of the Civil War to 1900. C.slowly decreased in 1800 and again in 1900. D.slowly increased after 1880.

A. greatly increased from 1800 to 1900

What impact did the expansion of railroads in the West have on the American Indians who lived there? A.They were displaced from their tribal lands. B.They moved into towns and lived among the new settlers. C.They stopped farming and took jobs in factories. D.They were forced to move to Mexico.

A.They were displaced from their tribal lands.

Which of the following statements best describes environmental changes caused by westward railroad expansion? A.Western forests were cut down for lumber for railroad and bridge construction. B.Western factories were built in what had been wooded rural areas. C.Changes occurred only in the Western plains, where animal populations decreased. D.The railroad expansion caused no environmental changes in the West.

A.Western forests were cut down for lumber for railroad and bridge construction.

Industrialization resulted in what changes to American society? A.economic growth and increased urbanization B.immigration and an increase in workers' benefits C.the growth of public education and urbanization D.increased opportunities for skilled workers and women's equality

A.economic growth and increased urbanization

The development of a system of mass production in manufacturing meant that A.machines rapidly produced large amounts of product. B.products were handmade. C.products were made in foreign countries. D.individuals slowly made small amounts of product.

A.machines rapidly produced large amounts of product.

What industry did the refrigerated railcar impact the most? A.meatpacking B.textile C.farming D.steelmaking

A.meatpacking

What method of manufacturing, introduced in the early 1800s, made mass production possible? A.the use of interchangeable parts B.the use of hand-crafted products C.the use of specialized labor D.the use of expensive materials

A.the use of interchangeable parts

The economy of the Gilded Age was characterized by A.economic growth and high unemployment among unskilled workers. B.rapid economic growth and social change. C.a deep recession in which high unemployment fueled massive and rebellious social change. D.slow economic growth and high unemployment among the middle class.

B. rapid economic growth and social change.

During which decade did transcontinental rail service begin in the United States? A.1850-1860 B.1860-1870 C.1870-1880 D.1880-1890

B.1860-1870

Railroads not only led to an increase in the ability to transport raw materials, but they also led to a(n) A.decrease in the need for raw materials. B.increase in the demand for raw materials. C.decrease in the uses of raw materials. D.increase in the types of raw materials found in the United States.

B.increase in the demand for raw materials.

Which statement best summarizes the living and working conditions of the urban poor at the turn of the twentieth century? Both living and working conditions were unsafe. Both living and working conditions were safe. Living conditions were unsafe, but working conditions were safe. Living conditions were safe, but working conditions were unsafe.

Both living and working conditions were unsafe.

Which of these statements is a feature of capitalism, but not of Marxism? Nobody controls the means of production. Workers control the means of production. Business owners control the means of production. The government controls the means of production.

Business owners control the means of production.

The expansion of the railroad directly led to economic growth in the US because A.railroads increased competition between different industries. B.railroads allowed company owners to travel all over the country. C.railroads made resources and products easier to transport. D.railroads led to increased prices of newly available products and resources.

C.railroads made resources and products easier to transport.

How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad affect companies that made products? A.Companies could hire people who worked in different states. B.Companies could build factories in the rural West. C.Companies could expand into the South. D.Companies could ship goods cheaply.

D.Companies could ship goods cheaply.

What was one major effect of industrialization on American society? A.More people received free higher education B.More people received health care and benefits. C.More people took up family farming. D.More people moved to urban areas.

D.More people moved to urban areas.

During the Industrial Age, what was the main way that businesses informed consumers about new inventions they could purchase? A.the multiplex B.the telephone C.the telegraph D.advertisements

D.advertisements

The period from 1865 to 1900, known as the Gilded Age, was marked by A.economic recession and unemployment. B.unemployment and social change. C.economic recession and social change. D.economic growth and social change

D.economic growth and social change

During the Second Industrial Revolution, which building material became one of the most important in the world? A.brick B.wood C.stone D.steel

D.steel

Which invention was most important in revolutionizing the meat industry? A.air brakes B.knuckle couplers C.the Pullman car D.the refrigerator car

D.the refrigerator car

Which of these beliefs did the majority of Americans hold at the end of the 1800s? Socialism and Marxism were the best way to reach economic prosperity. Democracy and capitalism were the best way to reach economic prosperity. Socialism and capitalism were the best way to reach economic prosperity. Capitalism and Marxism were the best way to reach economic prosperity.

Democracy and capitalism were the best way to reach economic prosperity.

Who was sentenced to jail in 1894 for helping to impede US mail delivery? Andrew Carnegie Robert Owen Karl Marx Eugene Debs

Eugene Debs

What was a similarity between the "old" and "new" waves of immigration in the 1800s? Immigrants from both periods established their own neighborhoods in major American cities. Immigrants from both periods were primarily from Western and Northern Europe. Immigrants from both periods were primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe. Immigrants from both periods were skilled laborers and landowners.

Immigrants from both periods established their own neighborhoods in major American cities.

The majority of Italian immigrants arrived in the United States between 1600 and 1776. 1776 and 1840. 1840 and 1870. 1880 and 1910.

1880 and 1910

Which of the following is a reason why people were open to new inventions during the Industrial Age? New inventions were accessible to all people. New inventions made life slower and more relaxed. New inventions made people more isolated from one another. New inventions made life easier.

New inventions made life easier.

Which of the following was a provision of the Chinese Exclusion Act that affected Chinese immigrants who were already in the United States? The act forced Chinese immigrants to return to China. The act prohibited Chinese immigrants from becoming American citizens. The act prohibited Chinese immigrants from entering the United States. The act prohibited Chinese immigrants from forming Chinatowns.

The act prohibited Chinese immigrants from becoming American citizens.

Which argument did supporters of the spoils system use? The spoils system promotes fairness. The spoils system promotes democracy. The spoils system promotes party loyalty. The spoils system promotes justice.

The spoils system promotes party loyalty.

How was the telephone different from the telegraph? The telephone allowed for instant communication. The telephone allowed for voice communication. The telephone was generally used only in offices. The telephone was generally used only by trained operators.

The telephone allowed for voice communication.

Which of these statements best describes the views of nativists in the late 1800s? They believed that immigrants were inferior to individuals born in the United States. They believed that more people should immigrate to the United States and assimilate into American culture. They believed that no one should be allowed to immigrate to the United States. They believed that immigrants had a responsibility to bring their own cultures to the United States.

They believed that immigrants were inferior to individuals born in the United States.

Prior to the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment, why did some states not send two senators to Congress? They thought senators could work from their states. They decided that one senator was enough. They could not find two deserving senators. They could not decide who to elect.

They could not decide who to elect

Which statement best describes how wealthy people lived on a daily basis during the Gilded Age? They lived in modest townhomes. They lived in luxurious city apartments. They lived in country cottages. They lived in tenement buildings.

They lived in luxurious city apartments.

How did streetcars, elevated trains, and subways improve city life at the turn of the twentieth century? They made it easier for wealthier individuals to move across a city. They made it easier for all people to get around a city. They made it possible for people to travel from rural areas. They made it possible for people to travel to other cities

They made it easier for all people to get around a city.

What was Tammany Hall's role in government in New York City in the late 1800s? Tammany Hall was a political machine that stole money from the city treasury. Tammany Hall convinced leaders of political machines to help the poor. Tammany Hall steered other political machines away from corruption. Tammany Hall worked to reform government and put qualified people in office.

Tammany Hall was a political machine that stole money from the city treasury.

Who was the leader of the Tammany Hall political machine? President Ulysses Grant President James Garfield William M. Tweed Thomas Nast

William M. Tweed

The most important pull factor for immigrants to colonial America was factory jobs. abundant land. religious persecution. overpopulation.

abundant land.

Which of the following was a primary goal of Eugene Debs' presidential campaigns? advancing the rights of workers reducing regulations on businesses highlighting struggles faced by farmers making union organization more difficult

advancing the rights of workers

In the early 1800s, Chinese immigrants established the first Chinatowns in cities along the western coast of the US. along the eastern coast of the US. in the midwestern US. in the southern US.

along the western coast of the US

Who was Eugene V. Debs? the author of The Communist Manifesto an opponent of the Pullman strike a Marxist writer and revolutionary an American Socialist who ran for president

an American Socialist who ran for president

In the early 1900s, the recall, referendum, and initiative provisions were all examples of progressive reform measures. parts of political machines. laws governing taxes. laws governing big business.

progressive reform measures.

What technology did city planners adopt when attempting to meet the needs of commuters? communications technology horse-and-carriage technology railroad technology automobile technology

railroad technology

Which of these laws would Eugene Debs have been most likely to support? limiting the number of times a person can run for president restricting child labor to children over 12 years of age giving business owners the legal right to outlaw unions allowing women to vote only in national elections

restricting child labor to children over 12 years of age

Eugene Debs became a Socialist in 1897 while founding New Harmony, IN. opposing the Pullman Railroad Strike. serving time in jail. running for US president.

serving time in jail.

Tenement apartments at the turn of the twentieth century were spacious but crowded living spaces. small and dangerous living spaces. crowded but safe living spaces. renovated living spaces.

small and dangerous living spaces.

Democratic socialism in the United States was a failed attempt to inject socialist ideals into a democratic system. free-market ideals into a socialist system. proletariat ideals into a Marxist system. Marxist ideals into a free-market system.

socialist ideals into a democratic system.

Prior to the Seventeenth Amendment, who chose the members of the US Senate? governors direct primaries state legislatures members of Congress

state legislatures

Prior to the Seventeenth Amendment, how did some senatorial candidates attempt to get elected into office? by asking for an appointment by rigging exams by buying votes by holding primaries

by buying votes

During the late 1800s, the majority of unskilled workers in urban areas lived in mansions near the city. comfortable apartment buildings in the city. city tenements. houses in suburbs of the city.

city tenements

Which professions best characterize the jobs held by people in the middle class at the turn of the twentieth century? clerks, teachers, and doctors factory, mill, and assembly-line workers union leaders and laborers big business owners and industry leaders

clerks, teachers, and doctors

Most people who came to what is now the United States between 1600 and 1800 were called colonists. servants. Puritans. Quakers.

colonists.

Which group of European immigrants was forced to settle in colonial America? convicts servants Catholics Germans

convicts

Which of the following best describes tenements in New York City in the early 1900s? crowded and unsanitary apartment buildings where two-thirds of the city's population lived crowded and unsanitary apartment buildings where a small portion of the city's population lived dark and crowded homes outside the city where the majority of city workers lived dark and crowded homes outside the city where immigrants lived for a short time after arriving in America

crowded and unsanitary apartment buildings where two-thirds of the city's population lived

Which of Robert La Follette's proposals are still in place today? direct primaries and income tax the spoils system and political machines the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments support of monopolies and trusts

direct primaries and income tax

Under the spoils system in federal and state government, elected officials appointed supporters to key positions. the most deserving people received government positions. most government officials stayed in office from term to term. Democrats, not Republicans, were appointed to key positions.

elected officials appointed supporters to key positions.

In the early 1900s, which invention was most needed to help run offices and factories? telegraphs electricity elevated trains mass-produced steel

electricity

One of the goals of nativist groups was inclusion. immigration. exclusion. education.

exclusion.

Robert La Follette's set of state reforms known as the Wisconsin Idea favored political machines. expanded democracy. big business. limited voter participation.

expanded democracy.

What types of jobs were created by the Industrial Revolution? farm-related positions factory positions government positions managerial positions

factory positions

Which was a major goal of early labor unions? better educational opportunities longer work hours fair labor practices greater use of the apprentice system

fair labor practices

Some apartments of the early 1900s were known as "dumbbell tenements" because they had few windows and no ventilation. garbage collection and sewer systems. indoor plumbing with hot water. safety features and fire protection.

few windows and no ventilation.

Charles Guiteau most likely assassinated President Garfield because he was against Garfield's reforms. he wanted Grant to become president. he wanted Hayes to become president. he did not like the job that Garfield gave him.

he was against Garfield's reforms.

What outside factor most directly contributed to the formation of enclaves in cities? a common culture among American citizens restricted access to education housing discrimination the availability of jobs

housing discrimination

The US immigrant population in 1910 was more culturally diverse than in the 1800s. less culturally diverse than in the 1800s. mostly from Southern Europe. mostly English-speaking.

more culturally diverse than in the 1800s.

The commission system and the council-manager system were both new forms of state government. municipal government. federal government. county government.

municipal government.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, violent riots were started in several Chinatowns by nativists who were angry and resentful of newcomers. immigrants who were being denied their rights. laborers who were unemployed. city workers who were being denied their wages.

nativists who were angry and resentful of newcomers.

According to the map, in the early 1900s, the United States became a more diverse nation. the United States became a less diverse nation. only people from Europe moved to the United States. only people from Asia moved to the United States.

the United States became a more diverse nation.

Which of the following was a Robert La Follette reform that changed the way candidates were chosen in an election? the Eighteenth Amendment the indirect primary the paper ballot the direct primary

the direct primary

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, what invention made it possible to build very tall buildings? the elevator the streetcar the telephone the subway

the elevator

The two most important new technologies that enabled the development of the skyscraper were the telephone and the telegraph. the elevator and mass-produced steel. the typewriter and the telephone. the streetcar and mass-produced steel.

the elevator and mass-produced steel.

Which is an example of a socialist principle? the importance of maintaining three economic classes the importance of creating a society without an economy the importance of having little or no gap between the classes the importance of establishing the private control of property

the importance of having little or no gap between the classes

When was the first gasoline-powered American automobile made? the late 1700s the mid-1800s the late 1800s the mid-1900s

the late 1800s

Which is a reason for the rapid growth of labor unions in the late 1800s? the low wages paid to factory workers a lack of jobs for unskilled workers in the nation's cities a lack of workers to fill all the factory jobs the failure of negotiations between unions and employers

the low wages paid to factory workers

Thomas Edison's fascination with what invention inspired him to develop the phonograph? the incandescent light bulb the telephone the automobile the telegraph

the telephone

What was a major reason that people immigrated to America in the 1600s? to escape a potato famine in their native country to escape religious persecution in their native country to pursue employment in factories in America to pursue better educational opportunities

to escape religious persecution in their native country

What was the overall goal of labor unions during the late 1800s and early 1900s? to become owners rather than workers to train highly skilled workers to help workers get jobs in factories to improve working conditions

to improve working conditions

In 1912, socialism reached its peak in the United States when two Socialists were elected to the US House of Representatives. a socialist candidate was elected president. the majority of Americans expressed support for socialism. the Socialist Party developed into a political force that lasted through the 1920s.

two Socialists were elected to the US House of Representatives.

Captains of industry during the Gilded Age were in the middle class. very wealthy. socioeconomically disadvantaged. in the working class.

very wealthy.

According to the Seventeenth Amendment, who could elect senators? voters in each state the state legislatures the president the vice president

voters in each state

In the late 1800s, political machines remained in power mostly by trading money and favors for votes. kickbacks. taxes. bribes.

votes.

Read the quotation."[T]o the victor belong the spoils of the enemy."In this quotation, Senator William Marcy was comparing politics to sports. business. war. peace.

war.

During the early part of the labor movement, immigrants, women, and African Americans created and led local unions. supplied mostly skilled labor to employers. were often excluded from membership in local unions. were not allowed to work at unskilled jobs.

were often excluded from membership in local unions.

Compared to the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor faced difficulty because it suffered from disputes between skilled and unskilled workers. had a larger membership, which made it more difficult to organize. lacked a strong, committed leader. refused to allow certain groups to join.

suffered from disputes between skilled and unskilled workers.

Which group organized one of the first strikes in the country? the American Federation of Labor the Knights of Labor the Craft Guilds the Lowell Mill girls

the Lowell Mill girls

Which of the following best describes an enclave? a crowded, poorly lit apartment building within a large city a distinct group that lived or worked together within a larger community a specific group that promoted discrimination against immigrants a law that sought to regulate immigration and restrict certain groups

a distinct group that lived or worked together within a larger community

What is a political machine? a political party organization that gives kickbacks to businesses a political party organization that gives favors in exchange for votes a company that promises political services in exchange for tax breaks a company that fights bribes, mismanagement, and political corruption

a political party organization that gives favors in exchange for votes

Over time, the spoils system developed into the merit-based system. political reform movement. political machine system. civil service movement.

political machine system.

The Second Industrial Revolution in the United States lasted from the A.end of the American Revolution to 1800. B.end of the Civil War to 1800. C.end of the Civil War to 1900. D.end of the American Revolution to 1865.

C. end of the civil war to 1900

Which of the following statements best describes how urban commuting changed in the late 1800s? A.Subways and automobiles replaced horse-drawn trolleys. B.Horse-drawn trolleys replaced elevated trains and subways. C.Elevated trains and subways replaced horse-drawn trolleys. D.Automobiles replaced horse-drawn trolleys.

C.Elevated trains and subways replaced horse-drawn trolleys.

How did the growth of the rail networks impact the meatpacking industry? A.The meatpacking industry shrank because the demand for other natural resources increased. B.The meatpacking industry grew because the cattle population increased. C.The meatpacking industry grew because railroads were used to deliver large quantities of meat from processing plants to locations across the country. D.The meatpacking industry shrank because there was no safe way to transport meat on rail cars.

C.The meatpacking industry grew because railroads were used to deliver large quantities of meat from processing plants to locations across the country.

Which natural resource became more available to the American public as a result of railroad expansion? A.natural gas B.wood C.coal D.water

C.coal

In the late 1800s, the growth of the railroad led to Midwestern cities like Minneapolis and Cleveland becoming A.agricultural centers. B.unsettled territories. C.industrial centers. D.lumber centers.

C.industrial centers.

In 1860, how far west could a person travel by rail from New York? A.only as far as Chicago B.only as far as the Mississippi River C.only as far as the Missouri River D.all the way to the West Coast

C.only as far as the Missouri River

Which group did nativists specifically target as threats to "American culture"? Catholic and Protestant immigrants Protestant and Chinese immigrants Catholic and Jewish immigrants Protestant and Jewish immigrants

Catholic and Jewish immigrants

How did Henry Ford affect the automobile industry? He made car production cheaper by improving the assembly line. He made car production more expensive by making more luxury cars. He made car production more expensive by mass-producing vehicles. He made car production cheaper by using customized parts.

He made car production cheaper by improving the assembly line.

How did Granville Woods improve the telegraph? He made it possible for the telegraph to transmit speech. He made it easier for ordinary, untrained people to operate the telegraph. He made it possible for moving trains to have telegraphs. He made the telegraph easier to carry around.

He made it possible for moving trains to have telegraphs.

Most "old" immigrants to the United States came from Western Europe, but most "new" immigrants came from Africa and Asia. Central and Southern America. Northern and Western Europe. Southern and Eastern Europe.

Southern and Eastern Europe.

What was one way "old" immigrants differed from "new" immigrants in the 1800s? The "old" immigrants were Protestants and Jews, while the "new" immigrants were Catholics and Jews. The "old" immigrants settled among the native population, while the "new" immigrants formed their own neighborhoods. The "old" immigrants were welcomed by the native population, while the "new" immigrants were met with hostility. The "old" immigrants often had property and skills, while the "new" immigrants tended to be unskilled workers.

The "old" immigrants often had property and skills, while the "new" immigrants tended to be unskilled workers.

Which statment reveals the extent of William M. "Boss" Tweed's influence over New York City government in the late 1800s? Tweed got his hand-picked candidates elected governor and mayor. Tweed exposed the corruptness of the New York City political machine. Tweed forged all state government documents and official letters. Tweed got political cartoonist Thomas Nast fired from a newspaper.

Tweed got his hand-picked candidates elected governor and mayor.

Which statement describes employment in the late 1800s? Jobs often required specialized training. Twelve-hour workdays were unusual. Jobs in factories were hard to get. Working conditions were often dangerous.

Working conditions were often dangerous.

Which of the following did Robert La Follette propose for election reform? changing the voting requirements removing candidate age restrictions limiting campaign contributions lowering the voting age

limiting campaign contributions

Which was a major achievement of both the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor during the late 1800s and early 1900s? an end to labor strikes across the country the expansion of the labor force to include immigrants the reduction of the workday from ten to eight hours the hiring of skilled labor in factories

the reduction of the workday from ten to eight hours

Culture can be defined as a distinct group that lives or works together within a larger community. the belief that certain groups are inferior to other groups. the act of keeping someone or something out or separate. the shared beliefs, values, and way of life of a group.

the shared beliefs, values, and way of life of a group.