u.s. history mid term review
"When Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, kerosene was 30 cents a gallon. Twenty years later, Rockefeller had almost a 90 percent market share and kerosene was only eight cents a gallon. Customers were the real winners here, because Rockefeller's size allowed him to cut costs. . . ."—Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Folsom would be most likely to call John D. Rockefeller a
captain of Industry
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so convinced, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live."- Gettysburg Address This excerpt indicates that President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address in order to do which of the following?
celebrate a Union victory that turned the tide of the war.
What feature of the Articles of Confederation made the plan of government less democratic than the constitution.
congress could not levy or collect taxes
At the constitutional convention, discussions of slavery were tied up with debates about which other issue
congressional representation
"But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion."- President Lincoln, Gettysburg Address This excerpt indicates that President Lincoln is using the Gettysburg Address as an occasion to
encourage northerners to remain commited to preserving the Union.
Which of the following issues contributed to conflict over Reconstruction?
lack of constitutional guidance on secession
"Sec. 8. And be it furthered enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of 26 degrees and 30 minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duty convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid."- Missouri Compromise, 1820 Based on this excerpt, the authors of the Missouri Compromise mostly sought to
limit the expansion of slavery
Judicial review is the idea, fundamental to the US system of government, that the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government are subject to review and possible invalidation by the judicial branch. Judicial review allows the supreme court to take an active role in ensuring that the other branches of government abide by the constitution. -Legal Information Institute Which of these constitutional principles does the power of judicial review most directly protect.
limited government
The tariff of abominations and subsequent nullification crises signified a growing crisis in the United States over
limits of federal authority
The Emancipation Proclamation limited the abolition of slavery to certain regions in order to
maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.
One major reason for growth in urbanization between 1860 and 1900 was that
many factory jobs were located in cities near transportation routes.
"[Rockefeller's company] killed its rivals, in brief, by getting the great trunk lines to refuse to give them transportation. Vanderbilt is reported to have said that there was but one man -- Rockefeller -- who could dictate to him." --H. D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881 In this text, Lloyd describes how John D. Rockefeller built an oil--
monopoly
"We must prove ourselves [Latin America's] friends and champions upon terms of equality and honor. . . . We must show ourselves friends by comprehending their interest, whether it squares with our own interest or not. . . . Comprehension must be the soil in which shall grow all the fruits of friendship. . . . I mean the development of constitutional liberty in the world." —Woodrow Wilson, October 27, 1913 In this message, President Wilson described the form of diplomacy he supported, also known as
moral diplomacy
Resolved, that the capture and condemnation under the orders of the British government, and adjudications of their courts admirably, of American vessels and their cargoes, on the pretext of their being employed in a trade with the enemies of Great Britain, prohibited in time of peace, is an unprovoked aggression upon the property of the citizens of these United States, a violation of their neutral rights, and an encroachment upon their national independence." - Thomas Jefferson, February 14, 1806 President Jefferson most likely made this statement in support of which of the following actions?
embargo on trade with Britian
During Reconstruction, which of the following was a way African American churches worked to develop new leaders in the community?
providing a platform for organizing and group planning.
What did W.E.B. DuBois believe about African Americans and radical relations in the United States?
African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law.
What did the creation of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment demonstrate?
African Americans were eager to join the Union Army, and northern abolitionists supported them.
"Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized." —Booker T. Washington, "The Educational Outlook in the South," July 16, 1884 What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans?
African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.
What did the Dred Scott ruling have in common with the Fugitive Slave Act?
Both extended the rights of slave owners into non-slave states.
"We consider a neutral flag, on the high seas, as a safeguard to those sailing under it. Great Britian, on the contrary, asserts a right to search for, and seize, her own subjects; and under that cover, as cannot happen, are often seized and taken off, citizens of the United States and citizens or subjects of other neutral countries, navigating the high seas, under the protection of the American flag. "- Secretary of State James Madison, February 5, 1806
British impressment of Americans
What main argument did Horace Mann and other education reformers use to justify the need for public schools?
Educated citizens would help create a better democracy.
In this topic, you read the following paragraph: "After 1872, on account of the federal government's readiness to use legal action, there was a decline and violence against Republicans and African Americans. the hatred may have been contained, but it was from extinguished. smoldering beneath the surface, it would flare up in the coming decades." This passage describes the effects of which legislative action?
Enforcement Acts
The Constitution of the United States, in its fourth Article, provides as follows: "No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequences of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. - South Carolinas Declaration of Secession Why does South Carolina's Declaration of Secession most likely quote Article 4 of the United States Constitution in this selection?
It shows that states were required by the Constitution to return escaped slaves even before the Fugitive slave act was passed
In what sense was Thomas Jefferson's election in 1800 a revolution?
It signaled a shift away from Federalist policy and ideology.
The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and . . . self-government entrusted to us. - John L. O'Sullivan, New York Morning News, Dec. 27, 1845 What does the text suggest about Americans' view of western lands?
It was inevitable and right for Americans to claim western lands.
"The Supreme Court . . . is not the only power in the world. We, the abolitionists and colored people, should meet this decision in the Dreed Scott case, unlooked for and monstrous as it appears, in a cheerful spirit. This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system." - Fedrick Douglass, 1857 How did Fredrick Douglas believe the Dred Scott decision would affect the abolitionist cause?
It would help the cause by inspiring resistance
Which factor contributed most to the failure of McClellan's Peninsular Campaign?
The Union Army was led by a cautious commander with insufficient forces to guarantee an overwhelming victory.
Which of the following best explain why the Confederacy had more difficulty than the Union in paying for the war effort?
The Union blockade cut off trade and income from tariffs.
Some soldiers from the Border States experienced the war differently from other soldiers in which of the following ways?
They were more likely to be forced to fight against family members.
Which of the following people would most likely disagree with the precedent established by Marbury. Madison.
Thomas Jefferson
The visitor [ to St. Louis] is Told of the wealth of the residents, of the financial strength of the banks, and of the growing importance of industries; yet he sees poorly paved, refuse-burdened streets, and dusty or mud covered alleys; he passes a ramshackle firetrap crowded with the sick and learns that it is the City Hospital . . . . finally, he turns a tap in the hotel to see liquid mud flow into the wash basin or bathtub." - Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore, "corruption and reform in Saint Louis." McClure's magazine, October 1902 According to Steffens and Wetmore, what best describes the often positive stories visitors are told about St. Louis before they come to the city.
Those stories are misleading
The bill of rights most likely would not have been ratified by enough of the states if it had included which of the following?
A blanket statement about the equality of all humans.
Which population group suffered the most as a result of mining activities and related policies?
American Indians
What happened to Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American war.
Cuba became independent but the Platt Amendment tied it to the United States; Puerto Rico became a territory.
What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.
In the Topic, you read the following text: "The Freedmen's Bureau helped reunite families that had been separated by slavery and war. It negotiated fair labor contracts between former slaves and white landowners. By representing African Americans in the courts, the Bureau also established a precedent that black citizens had legal rights. The Freedmen's Bureau continued its efforts until 1872." Based on the text, which piece of legislation would eventually extend the legal goals of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Fourteenth Amendment
Which of the following resolved the dispute between the Virginia and New Jersey plan.
Great Compromise
The principle of popular sovereignty is most central to the selection of members of the
House of Representatives
The civil war further advanced which of these processes that was already taking place when the war began?
Industrialization of the economy
What was the outcome of the Foraker Act passed by congress in 1900?
It allowed for the appointment of a governor for Puerto Rico
What effect did the phrase "Remember the Maine!" have on public opinion in the United States during the period just before the Spanish-American War?
It encouraged Anger toward Spain and helped lead to War.
"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial result for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the sole agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer—doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves."—Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 What is Carnegie's message in the text above?
It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society.
Those who favored loose construction and those who supported strict construction most strongly differed on which of the following issues.
Judiciary Act in 1789
The underground railroad was an example of
Large scale civil disobedience
"All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international 'police power.'" —Theodore Roosevelt, "Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine" (Fourth Annual Message to Congress), December 6, 1904 In this message to Congress, Roosevelt is discussing American actions in
Latin America
How did the Haymarket Riot hurt the labor movement?
Many Americans came to believe that union members were violent anarchists.
What was the amin reason for the drop in cotton prices between 1865 and 1890?
Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton.
All hostilities both by sea and land shell sees as soon as this treaty shall have been ratified by both parties is hereinafter mentioned. all territory, places, and possessions whatsoever taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, accepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay and without causing any distraction or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places." Treaty of Ghent show me1814 1830 What does the excerpt from the Treaty of Ghent suggest?
Neither Britian nor the United States won a clear victory
What did the Gag Rule demand?
No discussion of slavery take place in Congress
How did congress under the articles of confederation differ from the state legislatures that operated in the United States during the 1780s?
Representation in Congress was not proportional to the population.
"And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. -The Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln This excerpt from the Emancipation proclamation indicates that
President Lincoln hoped that freed Africn Americans would join the Union Army.
"I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed."- Pres. Andrew Jackson, Dec. 10, 1832 Which of the following best paraphrases President Jackson's position on South Carolina's response to the "Tariff of Abominations"?
States do not have powers of nullification and secession.
"Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before, the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding." —President Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address Which of these can be inferred from this excerpt?
The Civil War was more destructive than either side anticipated.
Which statement makes an accurate comparison of Union and Confederate Army policies?
The Union Army benefited from African American soldiers while the Confederate Army resisted enlisting of slaves.
Why did the population of enslaved persons in the South increase so dramatically in the 19th Century?
The Souths economy came to depend more on plantation agriculture and slave labor.
The first decisions made at the constitutional convention was to keep the discussions secret. several of the delegates took extensive notes, but these notes were not published until decades later." - "Exploring Constitutional Conflicts," University of Missouri at Kansas City Which of these statements best explains why the delegates adopted this rule?
The delegates could speak freely without fearing the consequences of what they said.
Why did industrialization encourage growth of cities along rivers?
The first textile mills were powered by water
What was the main difference between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan.
The number of representatives in congress each state would have.
The Violence in the Kansas territory referred to as "Bleeding Kansas" demonstrated which of the following?
The policy of allowing popular sovereignty over slavery in the territory increased rather than decreased sectional tensions.
Nearly all of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention would have agreed with which of the following statements.
The powers of the national government need to be expanded
Which of the following conditions allowed the federal government to carry out the Homestead Act with little controversy?
The rapid increase in the number of soldiers motivated federal officials to find a way to reward veterans for their military service.
What was one advantage of urbanization for poor workers who migrated to cities in the late nineteenth century?
They were better able to provide their children with educational opportunities.
Why did tenant farmers need to be better at managing money than sharecroppers?
They controlled more of their own planning and finances.
How did business leaders in the late 19th century utilize vertical integration?
They maintained control of production and distribution of their products.
Which statement explains why Federalists promised to add a bill of rights once the Constitution was ratified?
They wanted to assure Antifederalists that the new federal government would respect individual liberties,
"No rations issued yesterday to any of the prisoners and a third of all here are on the very point of starvation. Lieut. Bossieux sympathizes with us in word but says it is impossible to help it as they have not the food for us." —Diary of a Union prisoner held at the Confederate prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia This excerpt demonstrates which problem faced by the Confederacy?
a shortage of supplies, including food.
"What have you been contending for these past 10 years? Liberty! What is liberty? The power of governing yourselves. If you adopt this constitution, have you this power? No: you give it into the hands of a set of men who live 1000 miles distant from you." -James Lincoln Based on this quote, it can be inferred that James Lincoln would have supported______________
a strong states right view
Which of the following people would have been most likely to serve as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787
a wealthy white plantation owner from Virginia
which of these political reforms would have led conservative Patriots to worry about the "tyranny(oppressive gov't) of the majority.
abandoning a bicameral legislature in favor of a unicameral legislature
"I hold that there is no power on earth, under our system of Government, which has the right to force a Constitution upon an unwilling people. Suppose that there had been a majority of ten to one in favor of slavery in Kansas, and suppose there had been an Abolition President, and an Abolition Administration, and by some means the Abolitionists succeeded in forcing an Abolition Constitution on those slave-holding people, would the people of the South have submitted to that act for one instant?" —Stephen Douglas, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, August 1858 This excerpt from Douglas's speech is an argument for
accepting the principle of popular sovereignty.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness; that to secure their rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government. - Declaration of Sentiments, delivered at the Seneca Falls Convention, July 20, 1848. Which of the following phrases constitutes the significant difference between the Declaration of Sentiments and the Declaration of Independents?
all men and women are created equal
The outcome of the constitutional convention differed from the original purpose of the meeting because the meeting was originally intended to
amend rather than completely replace the Articles of Confederation
Which factor contributed most to President Lincoln's decision to announce the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862.
an improvement in the military situation
$10 a week was to him a fortune . . . . indeed, he would have been glad, only the day before, to get a place at $3 a week . . . . then he was to be advanced if he deserved it. it was indeed a bright prospect for a boy who, only a year before, could neither read nor write . . . . Dick's great ambition to "grow up" 'spectacle' Seemed likely to be accomplished after all. -Horatio Alger, 1868 The works of Horatio Alger promoted the idea that--
anyone could become successful with hard work.
"We the people of South Carolina, . . . do further declare that we will not submit to the application of force on the part of the federal government, to reduce this state to obedience, but that we will consider the passage, by congress, of any act authorizing the employment of a military or naval force against the State of South Carolina, her constitutional authorities or citizens; . . . as inconsistent with the longer continuance of South Carolina in the Union; and that the people of this state will henceforth hold themselves absolved from all further obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States."-South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, Nov. 24, 1832 This excerpt from the Ordinance of Nullification posed a threat to the United States mainly by
assuming the right of individual states to secede.
"When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 The Square Deal that President Roosevelt describes insured that small business owners would
be given fair opportunities to compete
How did the U.S. government encourage American Industry in the late 19th century.
by enacting protecting tariffs
How did Industrialization lead to improvements in the status of women?
by providing economic opportunities outside of the home.
In what way did Booker T. Washington think the Tuskegee Institute could best help the African American community?
by teaching practical skills
Which new problem was created by states' solutions to the issues raised by Shay's Rebellion.
creditors faced the loss of investments
Which of the following was a lasting effect of Reconstruction?
diversification in the southern economy.
The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. this policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. it is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and two legitimate commercial aims. it is an effort frankly directed to the increase of American trade upon the axiomatic principle that the government of the United states shall extend all proper support to every legitimate and beneficial American Enterprise abroad. -- William Howard Taft, 1912 in this text, Taft is advocating what became known as
dollar diplomacy
The tariff of 1816 was most intended to help which of the following?
domestic industry.
As the First of everything, in our situation will serve to establish a precedent, it is devoutly wished on my part, and these precedents may be fixed on true principles." - George Washington, letter to James Madison, May 5th, 1789 based on this excerpt, what did George Washington consider an important part of his job as the first president?
establishing sound tarditions
The war of 1812 has been called a "second war of independence" because
expansion fever took hold as new lands were ceded from Spain.
The debate over annexation of Texas represented one part of a much larger national debate over which of the following issues?
expansion of slavery
Which of the following did the Gadsden Purchase accomplish?
extended the southern border of the South Western United States
Which of the following groups was most affected by the Tariff of 1816?
farmers
The requirement that the ratification of the Constitution take place in state ratifying conventions is an example of which Constitutional principle?
federalism
The Irish farm family in this image from the 1800's would most likely have migrated to the United States in order to
flee from religious persecution
What effect did the Whiskey rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and anti-federalists?
it intensified their conflict and encouraged the development of two parties.
"All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful."—Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 What did the Interstate Commerce Act do?
it monitored the rates charged by railroads
How did William Loyd Garrison differ from most abolitionist of the early 1800's?
he called for an immediate end to slavery.
"The negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and, in some sense, the freest people in the world. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave." - George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves without Masters, 1857
he supports slavery versus free labor
The constitution created a bicameral legislature because the delegates reached a compromise about
how states should be given Congressional representation.
What was one strategy used by the National Womens Party to secure passage of the 19th Amendment.
newspaper campaigns and letters to the president.
"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government." —Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Which action would the American Anti-Imperialist League most likely consider "criminal aggression"?
occupying the Philippine's.
John Wannamaker changed consumer culture by
offering free delivery to rural areas
"The occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are hence forth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers."- James Monroe, address to Congress, December 2, 1823 President Monroe's statement suggests that the United States will
oppose European
Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act had the most direct consequences for which of these groups?
people involved with the Underground Railroad
which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose?
poor working conditions in American factories
With people of the United states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America." - Preamble to the U.S. constitution Which constitutional principle is most central to ideas expressed in the Preamble?
popular sovereignty
The federalist strategy for gaining ratification included
promises to add protections for individual liberties once the new system was in place
In this Topic, you read the following text: "Beginning with the state conventions required by Johnson, southern leaders proceeded to rebuild their prewar world. Many states specifically limited the vote to white men. Some states sent their Confederate officials to the U.S. Congress. All of the states instituted black codes-- laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers. The codes required African Americans to work in only a limited number of occupations, most often as servants or farm laborers. Some states prohibited African Americans from owning land, and all set up vagrancy laws. These laws stipulated that any black person who did not have a job could be arrested and sent to work as prison labor. According to the passage, when African Americans faced vagrancy laws they struggled to earn money because of both limited employment opportunities and
punishment for being out of work
What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by legislature?
referendum
The destruction caused by the hurricane that ravaged Galveston, TX in 1900 resulted in what kind of reform?
reforms in local government
In the early 1800's American foreign policy was largely defined by
relations with American Indians
The Second Great Awakening contributed to increased popular support for which of the following?
social reforms
One advantage which contributed to the North's victory was
strong military leadership under Generals Grant and Sherman
Mexican Americans are now employed to a considerable extent in the coal mines of Colorado and New Mexico, in the ore mines of Colorado and Arizona, in the smelters of Arizona, in the cement factories of Colorado and California, . . . . and in fruit growing and canning in California . . . . where they are employed in other industries, the same wage discrimination against them as was noted in the case of railroad employees is generally apparent." - Samuel Brian, The Survey September 1912, According to this quotation, Mexican Americans
suffered discrimination in many industries
The 1860 presidential election made it clear that
the American political system was sharply divided along sectional lines
"The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year 1808, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person."-U.S. constitution Article 1 section 9 Which factor contributed most to this Constitutional provision.
the delegates widely different opinions on the issue of slavery
During Reconstruction, republicans dominated new state governments because of
the efforts of carpetbaggers and a new crop of women voters.
Which of these events did the most to bring an end to the Civil War?
the end of the siege of Vicksburg
The man with only a little capital is finding it harder and harder to get into the field, more and more impossible to compete with the big fellow. Why? because the laws of this country do not prevent the strong from crushing the weak." -Woodrow Wilson, 1913 the idea that president Wilson explained was the basis of a program he called
the New Freedom
Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President?
the Populist party.
"If any apprentice shall leave the employment of his or her master or mistress, without his or her consent, said master or mistress may pursue and recapture said apprentice, and bring him or her before any justice of the peace of the county, whose duty it shall be to remand said apprentice to the service of his or her master or mistress; ... and if the court shall be of opinion that said apprentice left the employment of his or her master or mistress without good cause, to order him or her to be punished, as provided for the punishment of hired freedmen, as may be from time to time provided for by law for desertion ..." —An Act to Confer Civil Rights on Freedmen, and for other Purposes, Tennessee, 1865 This law is an example of
the black codes
Admittance into the United States through Ellis Island was largely dependent on
the validity of the immigrant's stateside sponsor.
Migration routes like the Santa Fe and the Oregon Trails were important because
they made the journey faster than a voyage by sea
Among the conspirators the most daring and active , was Monday, the slave of Mr. Gell. He could read and write with facility, and thus attained an extraordinary and dangerous influence over his fellows. Permitted by his owner to occupy a house in a central part of the city, hourly opportunities were afforded for the exercise of his skill, on those, who were attracted to his shop by business or favour. It was there that his artful and insidious delusions were kept in perpetual exercise. Materials were abundantly furnished in the seditious pamphlets brought into this state ... while the speeches of the oppositionists in congress to the admission of Missouri, gave a serious and imposing effect to his machinations. —"Narrative of the Events Comprising the Vesey Rebellion," August 10, 1822 Which of the following developments most likely resulted from the information contained in this excerpt?
tighter restrictions on slaves
Why did industrialists support American expansion overseas?
to find markets to consume American surplus crops and commodities.
Which of the following was a key objective for the passage of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
to make it easier for Southern states to reenter the Union after the Fourteenth Amendment was passed.
The said states hereby severally entered into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other against all four's offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade or any other pretense whatever."- Articles of Confederation, Article III This excerpt indicates that the states entered into the Articles of Confederation for which of these purposes.
to protect each other against attacks
The work of Henry David Thoreau most supported which aim of the Transcendentalist movement?
to seek truth within the individual and in nature
"Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled"-Articles of Confederation
unwilling to transfer too much power to the national government.
The civil Rights Act of 1866 sought to abolish the black codes by
using federal legislation to overrule state laws.