US History Midterm

18th Amendment

Prohibited manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcohol

What were spheres of influence and where did they exist?

Regions dominated and controlled by an outside power; in the Caribbean and China

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment

What are some of T. Roosevelt's accomplishments as president (foreign and domestic)?

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, doubled size of navy, Federa Meat Inspection Act, Panama Canal,

Who were the Rough Riders?

Roosevelt's calvary during the Spanish-American War consisting of Cowboys and Eastern Dandies

What were Jim Crow laws?

Segregation llaws that became widespread in the South during the 1890's

17th Amendment

Senate shall be composed of two senators from each state

What were some of the problems that plagued postwar society in America (1919-1921)?

Sexual experimentation, more revealing clothing, smoking, bootleg liquor, frenzied dances, and a rejection of convential standards

What event caused public outrage to peak against unsafe working conditions?

The triangle shirtwaist fire in 1911

What does the word suffrage mean?

The right to vote in public elections

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A new African- American cultural awareness that flourished in literature, art, and music in the 1920's

Jazz music derived from what musical traditions?

African and European

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Agency established by congress in 1865 to provide social, eductional, and economic services, advice, and protection to former slaves and destitiute whites

A supporter of temperance believed in banning what?

Alcohol

What was one appalling aspect of the Filipino War?

American soldiers often wouldn't bother distinguishing non combatants from civilians

How was the lack of timber on the Great Plains overcome?

Barbed wire was used for fencing

How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois differ in their approach to civil rights for African Americans?

Booker T. Washington- African-Americans should deal with segregation until they gain an education ( Education first, rights second ) W.E.B. DuBois- African-Americans should fight for rights first, then get an education

16th Amendment

Congress can lay and collect taxes on income

What was the main use of the Espionage Act?

Crush dissent and criticism during World War I

What was issue and eventual outcome associated with the Presidential Election of 1876?

Dispute over votes led to The Comprimise of 1877 where Hayes was elected president and the Democrats were given control of all state governments in the South

According to members of the Women's Christian Temperance union, poverty and social disorder resulted in what?

Drinking

What was the subtreasury plan?

Farmers would store their crop in a warehouse until prices rose while borrowing 80% of the price of the crops from the government at a low interest rate

Why did most traditionalists and conservatives reject the flappers?

Flappers had short hair, wore small skirts, smoked, and danced which went against previous social standards that told women to be less revealing, punctual, and take care of the house

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

Government agency during WWI that sought to shape public opinion in support of the war effort through newspapers, pamphlets, speeches, films, and other media

15th Amendment

Granted African-American men the right to vote

19th Amendment

Guarantees all American citizens the right to vote

What is the central theme of Andrew Carnegie's The Gospel of Wealth?

Hard work and perserverance leads to wealth, poverty is a flaw in character

What obstacles did pioneers on the Great Plains endure?

Harsh environments, disease, and lack of resources

Who was the head of the Food Administration?

Herbert Hoover

What did nativists oppose?

Immigration

Why did the population grow in many American cities from 1890 - 1910?

Industrialization

What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

It was ruled that legislation can't change or eradicate racial instincts

What was the yellow press and how did it influence US policy?

Journalism that was present before and during the Spanish-American War; provided biased reporting on the war to gain public suport of the war

What does the term Gilded Age mean?

Late-nineteenth-century, age of shallow display and worship of wealth

What are grandfather clauses and poll taxes and why were these used in the South?

Someone could only get land or vote if they proved their grandfather was eligible; was used to restrict African-Americans in the South

What groups made up the "new immigrants" in the period 1880-1910?

Southern and Eastern Europeans

What significant difference existed between the American Federation of Labor and the Knights of Labor?

The American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Skilled workers The Knights of Labor- Skilled and unskilled workers no matter what race or gender

What significant demographic changes did the 1920s witness?

The Great Migration led to the majority of Americans living in urban areas rather than rural

What image did the film, Birth of A Nation promote?

The KKK

What is meant by the industrialization of warfare as witnessed in the Great War?

The advance in weaponry such as the machine gun, planes, and gass

How did the Cattle Kingdom develop and how did it benefit from railroads?

The expansion of railroads into the west; railroads could tax cattlers to transport their cattle

How would a follower of Social Darwinism feel about the increasing gap between the industrialists and the working class poor?

The gap is a natural thing, the rich are the fittest and wwill survive while the poor will die off

What made suburbanization possible in the 1920s?

The invention of the car

What did the term "Great Migration" refer to and what were some of the effects of this demographic change?

The large movement of African-Americans from the rural South to Northern industial cities resulting in the creation of ghettos

What industry was affected by the Great Uprising of 1877?

The railroad industry

What were some of the rationales/justifications for imperialism in the era 1890-1910?

To civilize the "heathens" and liberate them from Spanish colonization

What was the purpose/intent of the Dawes Act? What were some of the effects of the act?

To divide tribal lands among Indians, which, as a result lead to the Indians losing more than half of their land

What was the main goal of the muckrakers?

To expose political machines

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

To limit former Confederates from gaining or obtaining land

What was the purpose of the settlement house movement?

To provide jobs that didn't oppose gender roes for middle-class women

What were the radical Republicans' goals for Reconstruction?

To treat the defeated South harshly

How have historians characterized the first two years of fighting in the Great War?

Unnecessarily bloody

What changes to the American political and economic system did the Populist support in 1896?

Wide range of reforms ( Direct election of US senators by popular vote rather than by state legislatures, creation of income tax, woman suffrage, government ownership of railroads, and various proposals to ease credit. )

Whose presidency is associated with dollar diplomacy?

William H. Taft