U.S. History pt.2

Mass transportation changed the way that people commuted to work in cities, as they could live longer distances from their places of work. Identify the three cities that revolutionized transportation by constructing the first underground subway trains.

- Boston - New York - Philadelphia

Lester Frank Ward directly challenged Herbert Spencer's social Darwinism by claiming that cooperation, not competition, would advance society. This idea was at the heart of what came to be called reform Darwinism.

- Lester Frank Ward - social Darwinism - reform Darwinism

Developments in ________ allowed people to live farther from work and provided easier access to downtown workplaces. An expanding ____ took advantage of these commuter trains and trolleys and lived in quieter, tree-lined neighborhoods.

- transportation - middle class

Analyze the two maps below. What does comparing these two maps reveal about the emergence of large cities between 1880 and 1920?

Correct Answers: - The percentage of the population living in cities came to be the largest in California, the Midwest, and the Northeast. - The number of cities in the United States with a population over 100,000 had close to doubled in this time. Incorrect Answers: - The number of cities with a population of 100,000 had diminished overall due to the number of people moving to rural areas in the West. - The central United States, known as the Great Plains, over time saw a decrease in the percentage of the population living in cities.

President Cleveland's veto of Congress's attempt to provide seeds to Texas farmers was a testament to his devotion to the spoils system.

FALSE

Match the following Gilded Age legislation to its appropriate description.

McKinley Tariff Act: It protected American businesses from foreign competitors and encouraged domestic companies to raise their prices. Sherman Anti-Trust Act: This passed in 1890 to prohibit companies from establishing monopolies in their industries. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: It imposed a system of competitive tests for the attainment of federal jobs. Bland-Allison Act: Passed in 1878, it expanded the nation's money supply through an increase of silver coins.

Match the various groups of Americans with their typical views of U.S. monetary policy.

Supported the expansion of money supply: - farmers - ranchers - debtors Supported "a sound money" monetary policy that focused on restricting the money supply: - bankers - moneylenders

The Granger movement subsided and was largely replaced by the Farmers' Alliances as the latter focused more on political action and increasing the power of farmers nationally, in addition to the social and educational functions of the Granger movement.

TRUE

In the post-Civil War era, what were some of the circumstances that contributed to the difficult economic conditions for farmers in the South and the Great Plains?

- The development of national and international market economies forced farmers to pay high shipping and storage fees. - The decline in the money supply made it difficult to pay off their debts. - They had to buy manufactured goods protected by tariffs while simultaneously selling their crops on the open market. - Increased competition from national and international producers increased the food supply while lowering food prices.

Put the following events of the Gilded Age in chronological order.

1) President Hayes attempts to implement civil service reform with limited success. 2) President Garfield is assassinated by someone who had failed to receive a government job and blamed Garfield's civil service reforms. 3) The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act mandated that many federal jobs be filled on the basis of competitive tests rather than patronage. 4) Senator James Gillespie Blaine of Maine receives the Republican nomination for the presidency. 5) The Mugwumps break with the Republican party. 6) Democrat Grover Cleveland won the presidency as a reform candidate.

The following events occurred as part of the financial debate between advocates of "sound money" policies and supporters of an expansion of the money supply. Put the events in chronological order to illustrate how the money question became the most important political issue of the late nineteenth century.

1) the passage of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act 2) the People's party platform of 1892 3) the Panic of 1893 4) the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act 5) Democratic Nomination of the pro-silver Bryan as its presidential candidate 6) McKinley's inauguration as President

Which of the following statements accurately describe immigration during the decade of the 1880s?

Correct answers: - Major changes in American immigration patterns began in the 1880s and persisted for another three decades. - Efforts to restrict and limit immigration emerged in response to fears over immigrants' cultural differences and their ability to assimilate. Incorrect answers: - Most immigrants were Chinese who moved to large cities in the northeast United States to work in factories. - Immigration during this period happened only on a small scale due to limited jobs and widespread discrimination.

Why did millions of Americans migrate from the country to the city during the Gilded Age?

Correct answers: -New industries in the cities created abundant job opportunities that attracted many individuals who sought work. -Many migrants sought to escape the monotony of the countryside and experience the cultural excitement of the city. -Reduced demand for farm labor pushed many rural workers to find work in the city. Incorrect answer: -Many rural workers were fascinated by the new agricultural machinery originating in the cities and sought to learn technologies to replicate it.

Which of the following descriptions accurately characterize immigration between 1860 and 1900?

Correct answers: - America's prosperity and the prospect of political and religious freedom drew immigrants to the United States. - By 1900, the percentage of residents in major cities who were foreign-born had significantly increased. Incorrect answers: - Afraid that Americans would lose their jobs due to increased competition, fast-growing industries never encouraged immigration. - New immigrants were generally pessimistic about coming to America due to the lack of opportunities in the wake of the Civil War.

Horace Greeley, the 1872 Democratic presidential candidate, responded to the influx of Americans who moved from rural areas or small towns to cities by saying, "We cannot all live in cities, yet nearly all seem determined to do so." Which of the following trends does this quotation support?

Correct answers: - An increasing urban population of migrants congested the nation's cities. - Many considered cities the place to be, whether for job opportunities or public entertainment. Incorrect answers: - Migration to the cities coincided with a resurgence in society's belief in the literal truth of the Bible. - Few people moved to cities in the Far West because northeastern cities were so desirable.

How did the Granger movement seek to help farmers across the South and the Great Plains alleviate some of the hardships caused by a shrinking money supply?

Correct answers: - It helped establish Granger laws that provided additional protections to small farmers. - It helped farmers organize, develop "cooperatives," and reduce storage and transportation fees. - It was the first to help isolated farmers politically organize for policies that would change the money supply. Incorrect answers: - It successfully lobbied to increase the amount of money in circulation.

What were some of the duties and responsibilities of party bosses?

Correct answers: - Party bosses organized campaign workers. - Party bosses distributed contracts to financial supporters and government jobs to loyal members of their ring. - Party bosses provided financial assistance to the needy. - Party bosses used their political "machine" to help nominate and elect candidates. Incorrect answers: - Party bosses shared power over their ring with a council of supporters drawn from their neighborhood.

Review the painting before answering the question below. Which of the following statements about the evolution of American culture in the early twentieth century are accurate and supported by George Bellows's painting Stag at Sharkey's?

Correct answers: - Realist art depicted the realities of everyday life, not romanticized versions of it. - Influenced by modern science, realist art emphasized the close observation of moments in everyday life. - Spectator sports were popular. Incorrect answers: - There was a shift from realism to romanticism in American art and culture.

In what ways did the emergence of new scientific theories influence the rise of cultural forces such as realism?

Correct answers: - Science generated a newfound focus on the value of things that could be observed and calculated, including everyday surroundings. - The facts offered by science influenced a less romantic perspective of human life. Incorrect answers: - The growing influence of science led to a decline in art featuring human subjects. - New scientific theories inspired a wave of popular art and literature devoted to fantasy.

Which of the following statements accurately characterize the nature of politics during the Gilded Age?

Correct answers: - The Gilded Age reflected more political corruption than political improvement. - During the Gilded Age, political parties were more powerful than U.S. presidents. - Business moguls were more powerful than political parties during the Gilded Age. Incorrect Answers: - Most political activity during the Gilded Age focused on international politics.

Speaking of campaign contributions to members of Congress, a California railroad tycoon said, "If you have to pay money to have the right thing done, then it is only just and fair to do it." This quotation illustrates which of the following aspects of Gilded Age politics?

Correct answers: - The wealth of captains of industry allowed them to buy favors from legislators and government officials. - Corruption was a regular feature of American politics. Incorrect answers: - Democratic reformers sought to do anything to ensure the closure of saloons, including bribery. - Special interests had little influence on American politics due to the Pendleton Act, a civil service reform bill passed in 1883.

Identify the statements that describe the actions of farmers during the economic booms and busts of the nineteenth century.

Correct answers: - They overproduced their commodities. - They set up their own farming cooperatives. Incorrect answers: - They sought American protectionist tariffs on foreign goods. - Most left farms to take manufacturing jobs.

What role did saloons play in urban life, and what types of customers usually frequented these destinations?

Correct answers: - They served as social clubs for working men. - They provided refuge for the homeless. - They provided an environment for men to engage in political discussion. Incorrect answers: - They usually served Protestant Republicans seeking relief from primarily Catholic destinations, such as dance halls.

Identify the new developments and innovations of the late nineteenth century and their impact on urban life.

Trolleys and commuter railways: middle-class movement from crowded downtowns to "streetcar suburbs"trolleys and commuter railways Sanitary Reform Regulations: better living conditions in tenements and new water and sewage systems Skyscrapers: increased population density