US History Unit 7.3

Jay's Treaty

Settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s

gave the U.S. claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory, guaranteed the safety of citizens there. In exchange, the Natives received $20,000 worth of goods and acknowledgement of their claim to lands they still held.

Treaty of Greenville agreements

Pinckney's Treaty

settled the border and trade disputes between U.S. and Spain

Neutrality Proclamation

stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war

Bastille

Hated fortress and prison that stood as a mighty symbol of royal power. Attacked and captured by citizens of Paris on July 14, 1789.

Whiskey Rebellion

Complaints were at first peaceful, but by 1794, fighting broke out; farmers lashed out against the tax on Whiskey.

settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s; The British would pay damages on seized American ships and abandon their forts on the Northwestern frontier. The US agreed to pay debts it owed the British.

Jay's Treaty and its agreements

Little Turtle

Miami chief who led a Native American alliance that raided settlements in the Northwest Territory, he was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville, and he later became an advocate for peace. He defeated US forces under General Josiah Harmar.

Protesters refused to pay the tax. They even tarred and feathered tax collectors. Some called themselves the new Sons of Liberty.

Name some of the incidents of violence that occurred in the Whiskey Rebellion.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

On August 20, 1794, Native Americans fought Wayne's troops and were defeated

Settled the border disputes with Spain. Under the treaty, Spain agreed to recognize the US southern boundary as 31 N latitude. Spain's gov't also reopened the port at New Orleans to American ships and gave them the right of deposit. Washington and many other Americans believed that Pinckney's Treaty was successful because it opened the frontier for more expansion.

Pinckney's Treaty and its agreements; Why did many Americans believe it was a successful compromise?

Some members of Congress criticized Washington's ideas. Madison believed the president had gone beyond his authority. He questioned Washington's right to issue the proclamation without the approval of Congress.

Washington believed the Neutrality Proclamation was the safest in the long run, but not everyone agreed. What were Madison's viewpoints?

He feared that the rebels threatened the federal gov't's authority. He believed he needed to make people understand that the Constitution gave Congress the right to pass and enforce the tax. Washington declared that he could no longer be a "passive spectator". He personally led the army in military action against the rebellion-the first and only time a president has done so. The army of 13000 men approached western Pennsylvania in November 1794. Most of the rebels fled by that point, ending the rebellion without a battle.

What did Washington do against the Whiskey Rebellion?

He spoke about what he believed were the greatest dangers to the American republic. Among there were the dangers of foreign ties and political conflicts at home. He warned against forming permanent ties with other countries because choosing sides could draw the US into war. He also worried about growing political conflicts within the nation. He believed that disagreements between political groups weakened gov't. Political unity, he said, was a key to national success. He left the office warning the nation to work out its differences and protect its independence. Washington also warned against too much public debt. He thought the gov't should try not to borrow money. He wanted future generations to be protected from debt.

What did Washington say in his Farewell Address?

The British seized ships carrying food to the French West Indies. Hundreds of ships were neutral American merchant ships. Also, British officers were helping Native Americans fight settlers. Washington wanted to prevent another war with the British. He sent Chief Justice John Jay to London to work out a compromise. The British knew the US lacked a strong navy and that US business relied heavily on British trade. However, they didn't want another war with the US.

What events led to Jay's Treaty?

The American Revolution; Many Americans supported the French in return. They thought the French were creating the same kind of democracy as the US.

What had the French citizens been inspired by in the French Revolution? What happened in return?

Wayne's task was to bring troops to the frontier to fight against the Natives. In 1793, General Wayne arrived in Ohio. Many of his men were ill from small pox and influenza, so they were unable to fight well. His troops moved North and built Fort Greenville, where they remained during the winter. They built additional forts for protections and to have supplies at hand. As the summer of 1984 neared, several Native groups led by Little Turtle attacked a supply train near the fort. Wayne and his men responded by attacking Native towns and burning crops. The British no longer aided the Natives after this defeat, and Little Turtle realized he was outmatched and urged his people to seek peace.

What happened after Washington gave General Wayne command of the army?

Created a republican government

What happened to the gov't after the French overthrew their king?

It is a tax put on American-made Whiskey which was part of Hamilton's plan to raise money to help the federal debt. He was also testing the power of the federal gov't to control the states' actions. People in areas such as western Pennsylvania were bitter about the tax. It mainly affected farmers because they often made corn crops into whiskey because it was easier to transport. It was also like currency since cash was rare. Farmers believed that the tax was aimed at them. Farmers that produced small amounts of Whiskey for trade argued that they couldn't afford it and that they should keep the money that they made from a product that they created. Westerners also disliked that trials were held in district courts that were far from them.

What is the Whiskey Tax? Who did it affect? Why?

American businesses faced problems due to disputed borders between the US and Spain at Florida. Spain closed the port of New Orleans to US trade in 1784. This hurt the US economy because all goods moving down the Mississippi to places in the East or overseas had to pass through New Orleans. Washington asked Ambassador Thomas Pinckney to meet with Spanish officials to discuss the problem. He asked the Spaniards to reopen New Orleans and the right to deposit in New Orleans which would allow American boats to transfer goods without cargo fees. Spanish minister Godoy tried to delay the agreement in order to get a treaty more favored with Spain. Finally, he agreed in October 1795.

What led to Pinckney's Treaty?

Americans continued to settle Northwest Territory despite Native protest. Supplied by British traders with guns, Native Americans went to war.

What problem brewed in the Northwest Territory?

neutral

When France and Great Britain went to war, some Americans supported the French, while others backed the British. Some wanted to remain _________.

After the French people rebelled against their king

When did tensions began to build between France and Britain?

He was France's new representative to the US. He asked American sailors to help France fight England commanding Privateers. Washington told him that using American privateers violated US neutrality. Jefferson wanted the French revolutionaries to succeed, but even he agreed that allowing France to use privateers against England was a bad idea.

Who was Edmond Genet? What did he do? What was Washington's response? What did Jefferson think?

Citizens and congressional leaders thought the treaty hurt trade and didn't punish Britain enough for its actions. Southerners were especially angry that the treaty didn't ask Britain to repay them for slaves they set free during the Revolution. Washington didn't like the treaty but believed it was the most that could be done

Why was Jay's treaty unpopular?

He believed that the US should back France because France had supported the US during the Revolution.Hamilton was pro-British. He hoped to strengthen trading ties with Britain-the most powerful trading nation in the world at the time. Jefferson thought Hamilton had too much influence on the president's foreign policy and that Hamilton consequently interfered with Jefferson's role as secretary of state.

Why was Jefferson upset by US policy toward France? What did Hamilton believe?

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789

Treaty of Greenville

gave the U.S. claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory